Результаты поиска

Специфические по полиовирусу CD4+T1 клоны с как цитотоксичной, так и пособничной деятельностью способствуют защите юморного иммунитета от смертельной полиомиелитвирусной инфекции в трансгенных мышах, выражающих рецептор полиомиелитвируса человека.

Нынешнее понимание функции CD4+T ассистентных клеток в иммунитете к инфекционным заболеваниям состоит в том, что TH1 клетки, которые скрытят интерлейкин (IL)-2 и интерферон-гамма, вызывают клеточную иммунную реакцию, в то время как TH2 клетки, которые скрывают IL-4, IL-5, IL-6 и IL-10, обеспечивают функцию помощника для юморального иммунитета. Мы использовали панель клонов клеток CD4+T, характерных для полиомиелитвируса, и трансгенных мышей для рецептора полиомиелитвируса человека для оценки роли субпопуляций ТТ в защите против полиомиелитавируса. Большинство клонов Т, а также поликлонных Т кл

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
The current understanding of the function of CD4+ T helper (Th) cells in immunity to infectious diseases is that Th1 cells, which secrete in … feron-gamma, but not IL-4, IL-5, or IL-10, a profile typical of Th1 cells. The Th1 clones displayed major histocompatibility complex class II-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity against specific poliovirus peptide-pulsed target cells, but also provided help for antipoliovirus neutralizing antibody production. To examine the mechanism of immunity in vivo, we have used polio …

NK sensitivity, H-2, c-K-ras proto-oncogene expression and metastases: analysis of the metastatic potential of H-2 gene transfected fibrosarcoma cells.

The transformation of a potentially neoplastic cell into an autonomous highly malignant and metastatic tumor cell involves a multifactorial cascade of events. This will eventually lead not only to the emergence of a tumor cell with an unlimited potential of replication, but more important will contribute to its ability to ignore and evade homeostatic immune and non-immune regulatory mechanisms. Specifically, those mechanisms which may restrict and direct its growth, dissemination, patterns of differentiation and interaction with the cellular and humoral factors comprising its environment. Howe

Antibodies to adhesion molecules inhibit the lytic function of MHC-unrestricted cytotoxic cells by preventing their activation.

We evaluated the effect of the antibodies to adhesion molecules CD2, CD11a/CD18 (LFA-1), and CD56 (N-CAM) on MHC-unrestricted cytotoxicity mediated by polyclonal NK cells and LAK cells or by CD3+ or CD3- cytolytic cell clones against a panel of tumor cell targets selected according to expression or absence of the corresponding ligands. We show that (i) antibodies to CD11a/CD18 and, to a lesser extent, antibodies to CD2 inhibit target cell lysis, whereas anti-CD56 antibodies exert little if any effect; (ii) in a model system using polyclonal NK/LAK cells as effectors and K562 or HL60-R (NK-resi

Involvement of NK1+ CD4- CD8- alphabeta T cells and endogenous IL-4 in non-MHC-restricted rejection of embryonal carcinoma in genetically resistant mice.

Non-MHC-restricted rejection mechanisms against the murine MHC-negative F9 embryonal carcinoma cells were analyzed. Strains of C57BL/6 (B6) background were resistant to the tumors irrespective of H-2 haplotypes, while others, including BALB/c background, were susceptible. This resistance was suggested to be mediated primarily by the host thymus-dependent alphabeta T cells, since both athymic B6 nude and normal B6 mice depleted with alphabeta T cells showed susceptible phenotype. The difference of the nature of alphabeta T cells infiltrating in H-2-identical B6- and BALB.B-derived tumors was th

Necrotizing Myopathies: A Myopathology Experience from a Single Tertiary Care Center.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Necrotizing myopathy (NM) is a rare inflammatory myopathy characterized by prominent necrosis and minimal to abse … 52, 67.5%), perivascular inflammation ( n = 11, 14.2%), endomysial inflammation ( n = 4, 5.1%), and major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) expression that was diffuse positive ( n = 22, 28.5%), focal positive ( n = 26, 33.7%), or negative ( n = 19, 24.6%). MHC-I expression significantly discriminated among etiologies ( P = 0.0013), unlike patterns of necrosis or inflamm …

Antigen-Presenting Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Modulate Tumor Microimmunity.

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are key regulators of tumor progression, immune modulation, and therapeutic resistance within the tumor microenvironment. Advances in single-cell and spatial profiling have revealed substantial heterogeneity among CAF populations, challenging the traditional view of CAFs as a uniformly tumor-promoting stromal population. Among the identified fibroblast states, antigen-presenting CAFs (apCAFs) represent a distinct subset characterized by major histocompatibility complex class II expression and the ability to directly interact with cluster of differentiation …

A predictive multiscale framework for post-translational modification-dependent peptide-MHC class I binding.

The specific binding of antigenic peptides to major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) molecules is a pivotal step in adaptive immune responses. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) have been shown to profoundly regulate this process and thereby modulate T-cell recognition; however, their atomic-level mechanisms remain insufficiently understood. To address this gap, we employed all-atom molecular dynamics simulations combined with multidimensional energetic and dynamic analyses to systematically dissect PTM-dependent regulatory mechanisms across diverse antigen peptide-MHC-I (pMHC) …

Immunomodulatory endothelial cells contribute to T-cell recruitment and activation via antigen presentation on MHC II.

AIMS: A subset of endothelial cells referred to as immunomodulatory endothelial cells (IMEC) has been proposed to regulate T-cell responses … rkers and disrupted VE-cadherin expression accompanied by impaired barrier function. IMEC expressed major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II, proteins involved in antigen processing and presentation (CD83, CD80, and CD86) and pro-inflammatory cytokines as well as chemokines, including CXCL9. An IMEC-like subpopulation was identified in the lumen of carotid arteries in a mo …

DTCR: generating realistic, diverse, and epitope-specific T cell receptor sequences via a discrete diffusion model.

T lymphocytes are central to adaptive immunity, utilizing clonally distributed T cell receptors (TCRs) to recognize peptide-major histocompatibility complex ligands with high specificity. The immense diversity and precise antigen recognition of TCRs are critical for mounting effective immune responses. However, conventional experimental approaches for TCR discovery and optimization remain constrained by a narrow range of targetable epitopes, tumor immune evasion, and prohibitive costs. These bottlenecks hinder the broad clinical translation of TCR-T immunotherapies and create an urgent demand …

Association of human leukocyte antigen B genotypes with COVID-19 severity in Egyptian patients.

Host genetic factors, specifically major histocompatibility complex (MHC) influence the prognosis of COVID-19 infections. It plays a central role in the body's ability to recognize and respond to pathogens, including viruses like SARS-CoV-2. This study aims to identify the significant human leukocyte antigen B (HLA-B) allele genotypes associated with severe cases among SARS-CoV-2-positive patients attending the PCR unit in The Fever Hospital-Alexandria, Egypt. This cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2022 through April 2023. Two swabs (nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal) were colle…

Transcriptomic differences in immune- and stress-related pathways associated with artificial rearing in the endangered hog deer (Axis porcinus).

BACKGROUND: The hog deer (Axis porcinus), an endangered cervid species, has experienced severe population declines, making captive breeding … ctional enrichment showed upregulation of adaptive immune pathways, including antigen presentation (major histocompatibility complex class II molecules and CD74) and B cell activation (CD79/19 and transcription factor genes EBF1/SPIB), whereas innate immune and inflammatory responses—such as cytokine production (interleukin-6) and neutrophil activation (toll-like receptor 4/CD14) …

Amplification and Overexpression of Cyclin D1 in Epstein-Barr Virus-Positive Inflammatory Follicular Dendritic Cell Sarcoma: A Targeted Next-Generation Sequencing Study.

Follicular dendritic cell sarcoma (FDCS) is subdivided into conventional type and inflammatory type (IFDCS). IFDCS is consistently associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection and generally follows an indolent clinical course. Although EBV is believed to contribute to the pathogenesis of IFDCS, the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Recent comprehensive next-generation sequencing studies have identified recurrent somatic alterations involving the major histocompatibility complex and epigenetic regulatory pathways as well as signaling pathways related to immune response…

Psoriatic arthritis monocyte DNA methylomes bridge joint and skin inflammatory pathways across rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis.

OBJECTIVES: Immune-mediated inflammatory diseases share clinical, genetic, and immunological features, but their specific molecular drivers … proteins. PsA exhibited a dual epigenomic profile, sharing features with both RA and PsO, including Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II-related loci and fibroblast growth factor receptor signalling. The dual disease activity component of PsA correlated with methylation changes linked to inflammasome components, on the one hand, and cytokine signalling (interleukin [IL …

Adipose Tissue Immunosuppressive T Cells Regulate Atherosclerosis Development and Liver Fat Accumulation in Obesity.

BACKGROUND: Obesity is associated with a loss of anti-inflammatory regulatory T cells (Tregs) in adipose tissue (AT), resulting in systemic inflammation. The adipocyte is a central modulator of CD4+T-cell subpopulations via antigen presentation through the MHCII (major histocompatibility complex class II). However, the role of adipocyte-induced AT inflammation due to changes in AT Tregs in obesity-related complications, such as atherosclerosis and metabolic-dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), remains unknown. METHODS: Ldlr (low-density lipoprotein receptor)-/- knockout mice we…

Numerical exploration of low lunar, long-lifetime orbits.

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) arises from the epithelial lining of the oral cavity, hypopharynx, oropharynx, and larynx. The … of higher immune-suppressive molecules, loss of regulatory T cells and co-stimulatory molecules and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class Ι molecules, lower number of lymphocyte subsets, and a poor response to antigen-presenting cells. At present, the standard treatment modalities for HNSCC patients include surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and combinatorial therapy. …

Inherited predisposition to increased systemic inflammation predicts a broad class of disease phenotypes.

Chronic, low-grade systemic inflammation is a polygenic trait captured with the INFLA-score, a composite of C-reactive protein, platelet cou … toid arthritis (OR = 1.09, p = 1.02 × 10-13), and hematuria (OR = 1.05, p = 1.96 × 10-10). Removing major histocompatibility complex SNPs abolished associations with known autoimmune diseases, while all other associations remained. We replicated 17 (42.5%) of 40 significant phenotypes available in the Vanderbilt University Medical Center's BioVU. Our findings demonstrate that sys …

Synergistic Protection of Atlantic Salmon Against Caligus Rogercresseyi and Piscirickettsia Salmonis Using IPath® and Commercial Vaccines.

Vaccine-based approaches provide a sustainable method for controlling pathogens in aquaculture. Our team previously created the IPath® vacci … ice infection, the B + L + IPath® group upregulated key immune-related genes, such as cathelicidin, major histocompatibility complex class I, and interferon regulatory factor, indicating an innate and adaptive immune response. During P. salmonis co-infection, the B + L group downregulated immune-related transcripts, including metalloendopeptidase, interferon regulatory factor 7, …

Vγ9Vδ2 T cells in tuberculosis: protective immunity and translational perspectives.

BACKGROUND: Vγ9Vδ2 T cells constitute the predominant human circulating γδ T cell subset and serve as key mediators of anti-mycobacterial immunity through major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-unrestricted phosphoantigen recognition and rapid effector activation. SUMMARY: This review evaluates Vγ9Vδ2 T cell biology in the context of tuberculosis (TB). We delineate the three-stage developmental pathway of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells in the postnatal thymus and the butyrophilin 3A1/2A1 (BTN3A1/BTN2A1)-mediated "inside-out" antigen sensing mechanism, noting the limitations of extrapolating in vitro findings…

Characterization of immune cells in the rat intestinal mucosa and liver involved in inflammation caused by LPS and evaluation of the effects of N-acetylcysteine and disulfiram (well-known sulfur drugs) for this inflammation.

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation is an experimental rat model often used as a tool for testing new drugs as candidates for trea … h the following antibodies: Toll-like receptors (TLR2 and TLR4), smooth muscle alpha-actin (α-SMA), major histocompatibility complex II (MHC-II), and serotonin (5-HT). In samples obtained from inflamed rat intestinal mucosa, it was possible to detect TLR2-positive and TLR4-positive cells, and numerous α-SMA-positive cells, indicating an inflammatory state. Furthermore, an increas …

Loss of C9orf72 impacts the peripheral neuromuscular system via immune dysregulation and accelerates the progression of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in SOD-1 mutant mice.

BACKGROUND: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder where neuromuscular health is central to disease … ditionally, we identified immune dysregulation, with elevated CD8+ T cells transcript and increased major histocompatibility complex I (MHCI) expression in SCs, in association with enhanced NMJ denervation in C9orf72-deficient ALS mice, suggesting a potential contribution of immune dysregulation to disease progression. These changes contributed to NMJ denervation characterized by …