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Стохастическая мета-групповая модель передачи вируса Эбола для принятия решений в области общественного здравоохранения.

Вирусная болезнь Эболы остается постоянной международной угрозой для здоровья населения. Разработка моделей, учитывающих сложную динамику передачи ЭВД, имеет важное значение для разработки основанных на фактических данных стратегий обеспечения готовности к вспышкам и реагирования на них. Здесь мы представляем стохастическую, мета-населённость, самостоятельную модель эпидемии ЭВД, которая объясняет ключевые этапы передачи заболевания, включая экологически ориентированные зоонотические инъекции, передачу людей, пространственное распространение и потенциально сложные меры вмешательства. Наша моде

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Ebola virus disease (EVD) remains a constant international public health threat. Developing models that integrate the complex transmission d … ls) as well as different intervention mechanisms (overall reduction of contacts, safe and dignified burials, and vaccination). We illustrate our approach by simulating EVD epidemics in an area at high risk of zoonotic introduction in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and show how it can be used to identify potential future transmission hotspots and h …

Bioarchaeological evidence of mycoses during the Late Antiquity-Early Middle Ages transition in Central Italy.

The collapse of the Roman Empire led to significant changes in the health status of populations in Italy. Socio-cultural, climatic, and geopolitical shifts, including the migration of the Longobards, influenced the lifestyle of many post-Roman communities. Their conquest led to agricultural intensification and reduced crop diversity, which likely contributed to deteriorating health. In this study, we examine burials from the archaeological site of Selvicciola (Viterbo, central Italy, late fourth - early eighth centuries CE) and find evidence of mycoses infections in several individuals (C14 da…

Faunal Deposits in Pre-Beaker Funerary Contexts at Humanejos (Parla, Madrid, Spain).

This study presents the first zooarchaeological analysis of the faunal remains associated with the pre-Beaker funerary contexts of Humanejos (Parla, Madrid, Spain). A total of 3974 animal remains recovered from 31 burial pits were analysed. Species representation was assessed using the NISP and MNI, and bone surface modifications were examined to evaluate human activities. The results indicate that domestic taxa account for 84% of the total MNI and that the faunal remains occur in two distinct types of assemblages. The first consists of complete or nearly complete articulated animals intention…

Early Stages of Metal Corrosion in Coastal Archaeological Sites: Effects of Chemical Composition in Silver and Copper Alloys.

In this study, metal disks with different chemical composition (two Ag-based alloys and three Cu-based alloys) were buried in the soil of coastal archaeological sites for a period of 15 years. The aim was to naturally induce the growth of corrosion patinas to obtain a deeper insight into the role of alloying elements in the formation of the patinas and into the degradation mechanisms occurring in the very early stages of burial. To reach the aim, the morphological, compositional and structural features of the patinas grown over 15 years were extensively characterized by optical microscopy, fie…

Interglobular dentine attributed to vitamin D deficiency visible in cremated human teeth.

Vitamin D deficiency has hugely impacted the health of past societies. Its identification in skeletal remains provides insights into the daily activities, cultural habits, and the disease load of past populations. However, up till now, this approach remained impossible in cremated bones, because temperatures reached during cremations destroyed all macroscopic evidence of vitamin D deficiency. This precluded the analyses of a large fraction of the archaeological record, as cremation was an important burial ritual from the Late Neolithic until the Early Medieval period in Europe. Here, the ident…

Gendered care at the margins: Ebola, gender, and caregiving practices in Uganda's border districts.

In July 2019, Ebola in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) was declared a public health emergency of international concern and neighbouri … monstrate the role that women play inside and outside the home as caregivers of the sick and during burials, and intersections with livelihood-seeking strategies. Because women's caregiving is largely unpaid, women face a double burden of work as they seek other livelihood strategies that sometimes increase vulnerability to Ebola. Epidemic response shoul …

Sexual transmission and the probability of an end of the Ebola virus disease epidemic.

The criteria of zero Ebola cases defined by the World Health Organization did not explicitly account for the sexual transmission and led to … xisting criteria comprising a fixed waiting time of 42 days since the last case testing negative or burial. We showed that the waiting time can vary depending on the sexual behaviors of survivors and their adherence to refraining from unprotected sex is likely one of the key factors in determining the absence of additional cases after declaration. If the …

Unilateral absence of mandibular condyle in a Bronze Age male skeleton from Portugal.

In 2009, a pit burial dated to the Bronze Age was excavated in Monte do Gato de Cima 3 (Portugal). The purpose of this paper is to describe the pathological absence of the left mandibular condyle noted in an adult male skeleton and to discuss possible diagnoses, including subcondylar fracture, cystic defect, congenital absence, condylar aplasia and mandibular condylysis. The most likely explanation for the pathological alteration is subcondylar fracture with non-union. Although the occurrence of non-union and slight osteoarthritic alterations in the left glenoid fossa were evident, this mandib…

Cause of internal hemorrhage determined after exhumation: Report of one case.

A 36-year-old woman consulted the medical emergency unit of a private health center for abdominal pain and gastroenteritis of 5 days duration. Acute right pyelonephritis was diagnosed. Five hours after admission she became unconscious in a state of clinical shock. She was transferred to an intensive care unit but resuscitation attempts were unsuccessful and she died 3h later. Three days after death, she was buried in the family vault. Five days after the burial, her husband lodged a complaint with the public prosecutor because he had not received a clear explanation from the physicians concern…

Nonmicrosurgical reconstruction of the auricle after traumatic amputation due to human bite.

BACKGROUND: Traumatic auricular amputation due to human bite is not a common event. Nonetheless, it constitutes a difficult challenge for th … lly managed in our Department. The technique of ear reattachment as a composite graft, with partial burial of the amputated part in the retroauricular region, as first described by Baudet, was followed in both cases. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The prementioned technique is described in detail, along with the postoperative management and outcome of the pati …

They shall wear fringes.

The multiple functions of clothes include utility, protection, rivalry, disguise, camouflage, display for seduction purposes, aggression, to … sent is evident in its daily wear, as an accompaniment to daily prayers, as well as in its use as a burial shroud for males. It appears that the tsitsit have additional multiple functions. These are the promise of oral and genital satisfaction, and the pleasure of the after-life, superego warnings and control of sexual impulses, protection, survival valu …

Evidence of spinal tuberculosis at the beginning of the fourth millennium BC from Arene Candide cave (Liguria, Italy).

This paper describes tuberculosislike lesions affecting the spine of Neolithic skeleton found in Arene Candide cave (Liguria, Italy) and representing one of the earliest cases of this disease in Europe. The burial is attributed to middle Neolithic (square-mouthed pottery culture) whose layers date, by 14C, to the first half of the fourth millennium BC. The skeleton, well preserved in the postcranial portion, belongs to a male aged about 15 years having a very light body build. Resorptive lesions localized to the lower thoracic and upper lumbar vertebral bodies, collapse and angular kyphosis, r…

Life cycle emissions associated with vault storage of wood cleared for fire management in the Western United States.

BACKGROUND: Climate change, fire suppression, and human encroachment contribute to increasingly intense forest fires in the Western United S … cay, will release ~ 2000 MMT CO2. Here we evaluate the life cycle emissions of an alternative fate, burial in anoxic wood vaults. We performed a life cycle analysis (LCA) to assess potential net emissions reductions, considering site clearing, transport, site preparation and post-burial decay. We used Monte-Carlo simulations to estimate emissions uncerta …

Effect of N‑Methyl-2-pyrrolidone/Dichloromethane Solvent Ratio towards the Retention of Magnesium Sulfate and Ibuprofen by Polylactic Acid Membranes.

Polylactic acid (PLA) membranes are sustainable alternatives to petroleum-based polymers, yet inherent fragility often necessitates leachabl … ntly increasing crystallinity relative to DCM-rich amorphous structures. Additionally, 30 week soil burial tests revealed a controlled biodegradation profile regulated by the high-crystallinity matrix. These findings establish a sustainable framework for engineering high-performance, biodegradable membranes for pharmaceutical and salt removal.

Biodegradable Chitosan Films Incorporated with β-Cyclodextrin Microcapsules Loaded Clove with Essential Oil for Table Grape Preservation.

Postharvest spoilage of fresh fruits demands efficient bio-based packaging films. Here, chitosan/gelatin (CG) films were incorporated with β … ntioxidant activity (DPPH 89.6%, ABTS 97.1), along with 58.21% biodegradation after 16 days of soil burial. In vitro release studies revealed a pH-responsive sustained release profile of CEO from the composite films, with faster release under acidic conditions (98.5% at pH 3.5 after 72 h) compared to neutral conditions (87.2% at pH 7.0), indicating the p …

Alkaline-heat treatment Flammulina velutipes polysaccharides/sodium carboxymethyl cellulose biodegradable composite film for fresh-cut cantaloupe preservation.

As concerns about the safety and sustainability of plastic wrap grow, the development of biodegradable film for use in fresh-cut fruits and … he film exhibits excellent antioxidant properties and the ability to inhibit microbial growth. Soil burial tests demonstrate that the composite film possesses excellent degradability and environmental friendliness. The application of FVP-CMCpH10 packaging in the preservation of Cantaloupe (Cucumis melo L.) at 4 °C was investigated. The FVP-CMCpH10 film s …

Numerical Investigation of Hydrogen Leakage Quantification and Dispersion Characteristics in Buried Pipelines.

As a clean energy carrier, hydrogen is essential for global low-carbon energy transitions due to its unique combination of safe transport pr … xceeding 1 MPa), greater soil porosity, and larger particle sizes, while inversely correlating with burial depth. The study develops a predictive model through Sequential Quadratic Programming (SQP) optimization, demonstrating exceptional accuracy (mean absolute error below 10%) for modeling continuous hydrogen flow through moderate-porosity soils under …

Constructing a model including the cryptic sulfur cycle in Chesapeake Bay requires judicious choices for key processes and parameters.

A new biogeochemical model for Chesapeake Bay has been developed by merging two published models - the ECB model of Da et al. (2018) that ha … for our new model.•This study focuses on three sets of differences-processes only included in ECB (burial and dissolved organic matter), processes only included in BioRedoxCNPS (explicit dynamics for hydrogen sulfide, sulfate and nitrite, light attenuation that does not include CDOM or sediments), and differences in parameters common to the two codes.•S …

Historic and Prehistoric Epidemics: An Overview of Sources Available for the Study of Ancient Pathogens.

Since life on earth developed, parasitic microbes have thrived. Increases in host numbers, or the conquest of a new species, provide an oppo … , smallpox virus, hepatitis B virus, and the plague-causing bacterium Yersinia pestis. Furthermore, burial patterns and historical publications can help in tracking down ancient pathogens. Another source of information is our genome, where selective sweeps in immune-related genes relate to past pathogen attacks, while multiple viruses have left their gen …

Computational drug repurposing study elucidating simultaneous inhibition of entry and replication of novel corona virus by Grazoprevir.

Outcomes of various clinical studies for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) treatment indicated that the drug acts via inhibition of mu … the key residues of these targets. Futher, Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations showed stability and burial of key residues after the complex formation. Finally, Molecular Mechanics Poisson-Boltzmann Surface Area (MM-PBSA) analysis identified the governing force of drug-receptor interactions and stability. Thus, we believe that Grazoprevir could be an eff …