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Manganese homeostasis in Bacillus subtilis is regulated by MntR, a bifunctional regulator related to the diphtheria toxin repressor family of proteins.

The Bacillus subtilis yqhN gene encodes a metalloregulatory protein distantly related to the Corynebacterium diphtheriae diphtheria toxin repressor (DtxR). While DtxR mediates the iron-dependent repression of iron uptake, we demonstrate that yqhN (herein renamed mntR) encodes a manganese modulated regulator of manganese transport. An mntR mutant strain is sensitive to both manganese and cadmium, suggesting that the transport of these metals is derepressed. We selected Tn10 insertions that suppress the Mn(II) sensitivity of the mntR mutant or that increase the Cd(II) tolerance of wild-type cell…

Reactivity of Coproheme Decarboxylase with Monovinyl, Monopropionate Deuteroheme.

Coproheme decarboxylases (ChdCs) are terminal enzymes of the coproporphyrin-dependent heme biosynthetic pathway. In this reaction, two propi … btained MMD, we were able to study the second part of heme b formation by actinobacterial ChdC from Corynebacterium diphtheriae, starting with Compound I formation upon the addition of hydrogen peroxide. The results indicate that the second part of the decarboxylation reaction is analogous to the first part, although somewhat slower, which is explained by differences in the …

[Georg von Hofmann-Wellenhof-130 years ago the first victim at the beginning of the investigation of infectious diseases in Austria].

After his medical studies in Vienna and Graz, Georg von Hofmann-Wellenhof, born in 1860 in Vienna, became an assistant at the Pathology Institute at the University of Graz. In 1887, he described a bacterium in the pharynx which resembled diphtheria bacillus. As it was not pathogenic in animal experiments, he named it Bacillus pseudodiphthericus, now Corynebacterium pseudodiphthericum. After moving to the Institute of Hygiene at the University of Vienna, he isolated a strain of glanders bacterium from a deceased patient in 1889. Because at the time there was nearly no knowledge of the virulence

[The ability of diphtheria causative agent to form biofilm].

The article deals with results of studying diphtheria causative agent capacities to form biofilm as one of mechanisms of persistence in human organism. The study object was strain of C.diphtheriae gravis tox+ obtained from nasopharynx of patient aged 19 in municipal hospital No 1 of town of Gukovo of Rostov oblast in 2011. The patient had diagnosis of "diphtheria of nasopharynx, typical filmy, localized, mild severity, even course". The control was implemented using the museum strain C.diphtheriae gravis tox+ No 665 from the L.A. Tarasevitch state research institute of standardization and biol

An outbreak of diphtheria in a hospital for the mentally subnormal.

An account is given of two separate outbreaks of diphtheria amongst mentally subnormal patients and nursing staff. In a total hospital population of about 1000 the number of people involved as carriers or cases was 60 and there were five deaths. The 60 people comprised 56 patients, of whom four were involved in both outbreaks, and four nurses. The organisms isolated were C. diphtheriae mitis but five strains were non-toxigenic. It is postulated that the outbreak began following the conversion of a non-toxigenic organism to a toxigenic one by bacteriophage action. The fatal cases were examples

Патогенная адаптация HLA Alleles и его корреляция с аутоиммунными заболеваниями на китайском языке.

Гены антигена лейкоцита человека (HLA) играют решающую роль в адаптации населения к динамичной патогенной среде. Несмотря на их важное значение, изучение патогенной эволюции ВПП и ее последствий для аутоиммунных заболеваний сопряжено с серьезными проблемами. Вот, мы генотипировали 20 Гены HLA 3-field разрешение 8278 лиц, принадлежащих к различным этническим группам, включая 4013 Не связанные с Ханом китайские личности. Мы сосредоточили внимание на адаптации ХЛА среди населения Китая, анализируя их связь с различными патогенами, и изучили потенциальную корреляцию между патогенной адаптацией и а

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes play a crucial role in the adaptation of human populations to the dynamic pathogenic environment. Despit … RB1*07:01 and HLA-DQB1*06:01 confer strong pathogen adaptability at the sequence level, notably for Corynebacterium diphtheriae and Bordetella pertussis. Additionally, alleles like HLA-C*03:02 demonstrate adaptive selection against pathogens like Mycobacterium tuberculosis and coronavirus at the gene expression level. Simultaneously, the aforementioned HLA alleles are closel …

Pili mediate specific adhesion of Streptococcus pyogenes to human tonsil and skin.

Very little is known about the biological functions of pili that have recently been found to be expressed by important Gram-positive pathogens such as Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Streptococcus agalacticae, S. pneumoniae and S. pyogenes. Using various ex vivo tissue and cellular models, here we show that pili mediate adhesion of serotype M1 S. pyogenes strain SF370 to both human tonsil epithelium and primary human keratinocytes, which represent the two main sites of infection by this human-specific pathogen. Mutants lacking minor pilus subunits retained the ability to express cell-surface pili…

Inhibition of diptheroid esterase by Micrococcus luteus.

Micrococcus luteus produced a diffusible, esterase inhibitory factor (EIF) which inhibited the activity of cutaneous diphtheroid esterases on Tween 80-CaCl2 agar media. Esterases of Staphylococcus, Micrococcus, Bacillus, and Serratia were not susceptible. EIF did not appear to combine with the substrate or to prevent enzyme synthesis; it was unable to reverse the precipitation of calcium oleate. The composition of the medium, especially peptones, influenced the production of EIF. EIF was synthesized in the absence of diphtheroids, but production required the presence of Tween. The interaction

[The antidiphtheria and antitetanus immunities of children of the Maritime Territory after the use of adsorbed DTP vaccine and adsorbed DT-m anatoxin].

The state of collective immunity to diphtheria and tetanus in children of preschool age, depending on the kind of vaccine preparation used for immunization, was studied. The immunological potency of adsorbed DPT vaccine (i.e. its capacity of forming prolonged and stable basic immunity) was shown to be higher in comparison with the potency of adsorbed DT toxoid with reduced antigen content (DT-R). The study revealed that in all groups of children the level of antitetanus immunity was higher than the level of antidiphtheria immunity, and 3 years later its decrease was less pronounced. A stricter

Diphtheria in Lao PDR: Insufficient Coverage or Ineffective Vaccine?

BACKGROUND: During late 2012 and early 2013 several outbreaks of diphtheria were notified in the North of the Lao People's Democratic Republic. The aim of this study was to determine whether the re-emergence of this vaccine-preventable disease was due to insufficient vaccination coverage or reduction of vaccine effectiveness within the affected regions. METHODS: A serosurvey was conducted in the Huaphan Province on a cluster sampling of 132 children aged 12-59 months. Serum samples, socio-demographic data, nutritional status and vaccination history were collected when available. Anti-diphther

[Diphtheria booster immunization for adults].

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Nearly 50% of adults in Germany have no measurable antibody protection against diphtheria, even though most of them will have been vaccinated against it in their childhood. We investigated how vaccination should be performed in this situation to provide lasting protection. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 100 adults (53 men, 47 women; mean age 27.7 [19-54] years) whose last diphtheria vaccination had been at least 10 years previously, were injected up to three times with customary commercial monovalent diphtheria vaccine for adults (5 IU toxoid/0.5 ml), at intervals of 4-8 week

[The immunological efficacy of one, two and three inoculations against diphtheria in adults].

The outbreak of diphtheria in the Republic of Belarus developed in the presence of a sharp deficiency of immunity among the population aged 35 years and over. In connection with a higher initial immunity level resulting from vaccination made in one injection the minimum antibody level (> or = 0.01 I.U./ml) was found in 79.7% of the examinees among the population under 35 years. For the age group of 35-60 years vaccination in one and two injections proved to be insufficiently effective (the minimum protective antibody titer was found, respectively, in 64.3% and 63.3% of the vaccinees). To achie

[The vaccinal prevention of diphtheria and tetanus in children suffering from bronchial asthma and asthmatic bronchitis].

The course of the vaccinal process was studied in 69 children with bronchial asthma and asthmatic bronchitis after the injection of adsorbed diphtheria-tetanus (DT) toxoid with reduced antigen content. After immunization all these children were found to form protective levels of anti-diphtheritic and antitetanus antibodies irrespective of the severity and duration of the remission of the main disease prior to vaccination; at the same time no obstructive changes in bronchial ventilation were observed after immunization with adsorbed DT toxoid with reduced antigen content. The schemes of the pre

[Variants in the immune response to revaccination with diphtheria anatoxin in adults].

The immunological effectiveness of the revaccination (made in two injections) of 488 adults aged 18-67 years with diphtheria-tetanus toxoid is discussed; the parallel study of the results of this revaccination was carried out in the diphtheria toxin neutralization test on Vero cells and in the passive hemagglutination (PHA) test. The specific features of the dynamics of the increase of diphtheria antitoxic antibodies, depending on the initial immunity level, the age and the sex of revaccinated persons, were determined. Among persons with the low level of circulating antibodies before revaccina

The role of aluminium for adverse reactions and immunogenicity of diphtheria-tetanus booster vaccine.

In a randomized, double-blind clinical trial, 235 schoolchildren aged 10 years received either a regular, aluminium-adsorbed diphtheria-tetanus vaccine or the same vaccine in fluid form, in order to investigate if local side effects could be diminished by exclusion of aluminium. System reactions were rare and local reactions frequent in both groups but larger local reactions were even more pronounced in the non-adsorbed vaccine group. Antibody responses to both vaccines were excellent and even slightly higher to the non-adsorbed diphtheria-tetanus vaccine (p = 0.0135 and 0.0014 for anti-diphth

Diphtheria in a Swiss Asylum Seeker Reception Centre: Outbreak Investigation and Evaluation of Testing and Vaccination Strategies.

Objectives: To describe a suspected diphtheria outbreak in a Swiss asylum seeker reception centre, and to analyse its management response regarding testing and vaccination. Methods: We retrospectively analysed clinical, microbiology, and case management data of all asylum seekers tested for C. diphtheriae between 28th August and 31st December 2022 while residing at the centre. Results are reported descriptively. Results: Among 265 individuals tested, ten cases of cutaneous diphtheria, one simultaneous respiratory and cutaneous case, and nine respiratory carriers were identified. Mass throat sc