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Novel approaches of the nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems for knee joint injuries: A review.

The knee joint is one of the largest, most complex, and frequently utilized organs in the body. It is very vulnerable to injuries due to activities, diseases, or accidents, which lead to or cause knee joint injuries in people of all ages. There are several types of knee joint injuries such as contusions, sprains, and strains to the ligament, tendon injuries, cartilage injuries, meniscus injuries, and inflammation of synovial membrane. To date, many drug delivery systems, e.g. nanoparticles, dendrimers, liposomes, micelles, and exosomes, have been used for the treatment of knee joint injuries. …

Bioresponsive micro-to-nano albumin-based systems for targeted drug delivery against complex fungal infections.

As a typical human pathogenic fungus, Cryptococcus neoformans is a life-threatening invasive fungal pathogen with a worldwide distribution causing ∼700,000 deaths annually. Cryptococcosis is not just an infection with multi-organ involvement, intracellular survival and extracellular multiplication of the fungus also play important roles in the pathogenesis of C. neoformans infections. Because adequate accumulation of drugs at target organs and cells is still difficult to achieve, an effective delivery strategy is desperately required to treat these infections. Here, we report a bioresponsive m

pH-dependent ileocolonic drug delivery, part I: in vitro and clinical evaluation of novel systems.

After the pH dependency of novel pH-dependent ileocolonic drug delivery systems is confirmed in vitro, their performance should be evaluated in human volunteers.

Mechanisms of Resistance to Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer and Possible Targets in Drug Delivery Systems.

Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most important cancers worldwide, and usually, chemotherapy can be used in an integrative approach. Usually, chemotherapy treatment is performed in association with surgery, radiation or hormone therapy, providing an increased outcome to patients. However, tumors can develop resistance to different drugs, progressing for a more aggressive phenotype. In this scenario, the use of nanocarriers could help to defeat tumor cell resistance, providing a new therapeutic perspective for patients. Thus, this systematic review aims to bring the molecular mechanisms involve

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… Thus, the development of a drug delivery system that avoids cellular efflux represents one way to use drug delivery systems to avoid chemoresistance [ 71 ]. … Based on this previous data, is it possible to assume that drug delivery systems may represent an important strategy to avoid tumor chemoresistance, and future clinical studies are necessary to confirm the applicability of drug delivery systems in targeting chemoresistant cells. 8. …

Cosolvents in Self-Emulsifying Drug Delivery Systems (SEDDS): Do They Really Solve Our Solubility Problems?

The aim of this study was to investigate the fate and the impact of cosolvents in self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS). Three different SEDDS comprising the cosolvents DMSO (FD), ethanol (FE), and benzyl alcohol (FBA) as well as the corresponding formulations without these cosolvents (FD0, FE0, and FBA0) were developed. Mean droplet size, polydispersity index (PDI), ζ potential, stability, and emulsification time were determined. Cosolvent release studies were performed via the dialysis membrane method and Taylor dispersion analysis (TDA). Furthermore, the impact of cosolvent utiliza…

Overview on zein protein: a promising pharmaceutical excipient in drug delivery systems and tissue engineering.

INTRODUCTION: Natural pharmaceutical excipients have been applied extensively in the past decades owing to their safety and biocompatibility … elivery systems are discussed with special focus on current and potential application in controlled drug delivery systems, and tissue engineering. EXPERT OPINION: Zein as a protein of natural origin can still be considered a promising polymer in the field of drug delivery systems as well as in tissue engineering. Although different researchers spotted light on zein ap …

In vitro and in vivo performance of monoacyl phospholipid-based self-emulsifying drug delivery systems.

This study investigates the effect of monoacyl phospholipid incorporation on the in vitro and in vivo performance of self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS). Monoacyl phosphatidylcholine (Lipoid S LPC 80 (LPC)) was incorporated into four different fenofibrate (FF)-loaded long-chain SEDDS to investigate the impact of LPC on the emulsion droplet size, extent of digestion, colloidal structure evolution and drug precipitation during in vitro lipolysis simulating human conditions and drug bioavailability in a rat model. The four investigated SEDDS containing long-chain glycerides, polyoxyl 3…

3D scanning and 3D printing as innovative technologies for fabricating personalized topical drug delivery systems.

Acne is a multifactorial inflammatory skin disease with high prevalence. In this work, the potential of 3D printing to produce flexible personalised-shape anti-acne drug (salicylic acid) loaded devices was demonstrated by two different 3D printing (3DP) technologies: Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) and stereolithography (SLA). 3D scanning technology was used to obtain a 3D model of a nose adapted to the morphology of an individual. In FDM 3DP, commercially produced Flex EcoPLA™ (FPLA) and polycaprolactone (PCL) filaments were loaded with salicylic acid by hot melt extrusion (HME) (theoretical

PEGylated bile acids for use in drug delivery systems: enhanced solubility and bioavailability of itraconazole.

Itraconazole is a drug of choice for the treatment of severe fungal infections and parasitic diseases, but its use is limited by its low water solubility and varying bioavailability. New self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS) based on PEGylated bile acids (BA-PEGs) were designed and prepared, where the number and length of PEG arms were varied to optimize the loading of itraconazole in the final drug formulation. The use of both BA-PEGs and oleic acid improved the solubilization and absorption of the drug, which was in a glassy state in the SEDDS prepared with the melting method. High …

In vitro lipolysis and intestinal transport of β-arteether-loaded lipid-based drug delivery systems.

PURPOSE: We aimed to assess the fate of β-arteether lipid-based drug delivery systems (AE-LBDDS) in terms of resistance to lipolysis and permeation across intestinal cells. METHODS: AE-LBDDS contained Tween 80 or Cremophor EL as surfactants, ethanol, Maisine 35-1 and vegetable oil. The solubilization behavior of AE was investigated during dynamic in vitro lipolysis. The permeation of AE-LBDDS was evaluated using Caco-2, HT29-MTX and M cell monolayers. RESULTS: A higher level of AE precipitation was observed for formulations containing Cremophor EL (~30%) compared to formulations containing T…

The mucoadhesive and gastroretentive properties of hydrophobin-coated porous silicon nanoparticle oral drug delivery systems.

Impediments to intestinal absorption, such as poor solubility and instability in the variable conditions of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract plague many of the current drugs restricting their oral bioavailability. Particulate drug delivery systems hold great promise in solving these problems, but their effectiveness might be limited by their often rapid transit through the GI tract. Here we describe a bioadhesive oral drug delivery system based on thermally-hydrocarbonized porous silicon (THCPSi) functionalized with a self-assembled amphiphilic protein coating consisting of a class II hydrophob…

In vitro evaluation of the mucoadhesive properties of polysaccharide-based nanoparticulate oral drug delivery systems.

Impedance quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) measurements were performed in order to assess the mucoadhesive properties of hydrophobically modified (HM) derivatives of dextran (DEX), with an average molecular weight of 10,000 Da, and of hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC), with an average molecular weight of 80,000 Da. The measurements involved (1) treatment of a hydrophobic surface with bovine submaxillary gland mucin (BSM) under various pH conditions (2.0-8.0) and (2) treatment of the BSM layer with buffer solutions of the amphiphilic polysaccharides (pH 3.0 and 7

Enteric polymers as binders and coating materials in multiple-unit site-specific drug delivery systems.

The aim of this study was to develop a multiple-unit, site-specific drug formulation allowing targeting of drug release in the colon. Initially, characteristics of matrix pellets containing various enteric polymers as binders were tested. An enteric coating was then added to the formulations. Ibuprofen and furosemide were used as model drugs. The former is absorbed throughout the gastrointestinal tract, the latter only from upper parts. Methacrylate copolymers, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinates and cellulose acetate phthalate were used as enteric polymers. The properties of the

Application of nanozyme-based drug delivery systems in the treatment of ROS-related ophthalmic diseases.

ROS-related ophthalmic diseases span the ocular surface as well as the anterior and posterior segments of the eye. Dry eye disease (DED), glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy (DR) and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) have distinct anatomical targets but share common pathophysiological features, including oxidative stress, inflammation, vascular dysfunction, epithelial injury or neurodegeneration. Conventional ocular drug delivery and therapeutic modalities are hindered by severe limitations, including low bioavailability in the posterior segment of the eye and the requirement for frequent inva

Nanocellulose-based drug delivery systems: experimental findings and computational insights with emphasis on cellulose nanofibers.

Cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) are emerging as promising candidate materials for drug delivery systems due to their biocompatibility, large surface area, and structural versatility. Their capacity to encapsulate a variety of therapeutic compounds enables controlled and targeted release, although performance depends on formulation and surface characteristics. This structured narrative review article focuses on recent experimental and computational research on CNFs as drug carriers and their roles in small molecule loading, sustained release, and targeting strategies. In addition to CNF-based syste…

Translational Liposomal Drug Delivery Systems: Clinically Approved Formulations, Scalable Manufacturing Strategies, and Emerging Characterization Approaches.

INTRODUCTION: Liposomal drug delivery systems have evolved into clinically validated platforms across diverse therapeutic areas. This review aims to provide a translational perspective by linking fundamental formulation principles with clinically approved products and industrial manufacturing strategies. METHODS: A structured narrative review was undertaken to examine liposomal formulations approved by major regulatory authorities across a range of clinical applications, including oncology, infectious diseases, vaccination, pain management, gene therapy, and regenerative medicine. The analysi…

Nanotechnology based targeted drug delivery systems for breast cancer: challenges, recent advancement and future perspectives.

Globally, breast cancer remains a leading causes of cancer-related mortality among women, emphasizing the need for more effective therapies. Nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems have emerged as promising tools for reducing systemic toxicity while enhancing the precision and efficacy of treatments. By engineering nanoparticles to selectively target tumor cells, these systems increase drug accumulation at the tumor site and minimize harm to healthy tissues. This review focuses on the development of nanocarrier systems such as liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, dendrimers, micelles, metall…

Stimuli-Responsive Nasal in situ Gel Drug Delivery Systems: from Material Design to Clinical Translation.

As a novel drug delivery system responsive to environmental stimuli (temperature, pH, ionic strength, etc). nasal in situ gels undergo phase transition to provide breakthrough solutions for precision and long-term management of nasal disorders through the integration of targeted therapy and sustained-release technology. Following nasal administration, the liquid formulation rapidly transforms into a semi-solid gel depot on the mucosal surface, significantly prolonging drug residence time and reducing drug loss due to mucociliary clearance. This process enhances local drug concentration and the

Excipient toxicity and tolerability in self-emulsifying drug delivery systems: insights from cell-based assays.

The toxicological evaluation of excipients plays a crucial role in the development of SEDDS. This study examined key formulation components to identify critical factors influencing cellular tolerance and supports the design of biocompatible SEDDS. Physicochemical properties of various oils, co-solvents, co-surfactants, non-ionic and charged surfactants formulated in SEDDS were determined via dynamic light scattering, while oxidative stability of selected surfactants was assessed through hydroperoxide quantification. Biological compatibility was evaluated by analyzing hemolytic effects on human

Overcoming therapeutic challenges in acute myeloid leukemia: active targeting strategies by nano-drug delivery systems.

BACKGROUND: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a highly aggressive hematological malignancy characterized by poor overall survival and high relapse rates. The standard chemotherapy remains the conventional “7+3” regimens, while the suboptimal pharmacokinetics and significant systemic toxicity in AML present ongoing challenges to long-term disease control. Nano-drug delivery systems (NDDSs) have emerged as a promising strategy to overcome these barriers by enabling enhanced drug stability, targeted delivery, and specific distribution. Although several NDDS-based therapies have been approved by FDA…