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Motor neuron disease associated with multiple myeloma.

The association between Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis or other Motor Neuron Diseases (MNDs) with Lymphoproliferative Disorders (LPDs) and plasma cell neoplasias (such as Hodgkin's or non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia, multiple myeloma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia) has been described. It is not clear whether LPDs play a role in the pathogenesis of MND; however it is possible that patients might have antibodies against motor neurons. An association between motor neuron disease and Multiple myeloma (MM) is rarely reported in the literature. This article reports a case of a

Characterizing microglial gene expression in a model of secondary progressive multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common inflammatory, demyelinating and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system in young adults. Chronic-relapsing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (crEAE) in Biozzi ABH mice is an experimental model of MS. This crEAE model is characterized by an acute phase with severe neurological disability, followed by remission of disease, relapse of neurological disease and remission that eventually results in a chronic progressive phase that mimics the secondary progressive phase (SPEAE) of MS. In both MS and SPEAE, the role of microglia is poo…

Therapeutic plasma exchange in the treatment of neuroimmunologic disorders: review of 50 cases.

Therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) has been used for the treatment of neurologic diseases in which autoimmunity plays a major role. We reviewed the medical records of our patients who had consecutively been treated by TPE between January 1998 and June 2000. Neurological indications included myasthenia gravis (30 patients), multiple sclerosis attack (6 patients with remitting-relapsing course and 3 patients with secondary progressive course), Guillain-Barrè syndrome (6 patients), paraproteinemic neuropathy (2 patients), and chronic inflammatory demyelinating neuropathy (CIDP), transverse myeliti…

No evidence of disease activity is associated with reduced rate of axonal retinal atrophy in MS.

OBJECTIVE: To explore, in a longitudinal study, the usefulness of optical coherence tomography (OCT) in monitoring people with multiple sclerosis (MS) by testing the association between retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thinning and clinical and brain MRI criteria of no evidence of disease activity (NEDA). METHODS: OCT, visual evoked potentials (VEPs), and disability, using the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), were tested at baseline and after 2 years in 72 patients, 63 with routine yearly brain MRI. RESULTS: Longitudinal mean binocular RNFL thinning, in absence of optic neuritis duri…

The participation of varicella zoster virus in relapses of multiple sclerosis.

OBJECTIVE: Recent studies have documented the apparent participation of varicella zoster virus (VZV) in the etiopathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS). The present study aimed to corroborate the possible presence of VZV during exacerbations of MS. DESIGN: Fifty-three patients with definite MS were included; of them, 31 were studied during the first week of a clinical relapse, whereas 16 were studied during remission; 6 patients with progressive MS were also studied. Genes from 5 herpes viruses: varicella zoster, herpes simplex 1 and 2, Epstein-Barr and herpes 6 were studied by polymerase cha…

Opposite roles of NMDA receptors in relapsing and primary progressive multiple sclerosis.

Synaptic transmission and plasticity mediated by NMDA receptors (NMDARs) could modulate the severity of multiple sclerosis (MS). Here the role of NMDARs in MS was first explored in 691 subjects carrying specific allelic variants of the NR1 subunit gene or of the NR2B subunit gene of this glutamate receptor. The analysis was replicated for significant SNPs in an independent sample of 1548 MS subjects. The C allele of rs4880213 was found to be associated with reduced NMDAR-mediated cortical excitability, and with increased probability of having more disability than the CT/TT MS subjects. MS seve…

Experimental and Clinical Biomarkers for Progressive Evaluation of Neuropathology and Therapeutic Interventions for Acute and Chronic Neurological Disorders.

This article describes commonly used experimental and clinical biomarkers of neuronal injury and neurodegeneration for the evaluation of neu … , Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, traumatic brain injury, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, and other brain diseases. Biomarkers are deployed to study progression and response to treatment, including noninvasive imaging tools for both acute and chronic brain conditions. Neuronal biomarkers are classified into four core subtypes: blood-bas …

Self-management of falls in people with multiple sclerosis: A scoping review.

ObjectiveFalls are common in people with multiple sclerosis. There is rising interest in how the multifactorial and chronic nature of fall risk among people with multiple sclerosis can be addressed through self-management. Thus, the aims were to investigate the extent and the scope of publications on self-management of falls in people with multiple sclerosis, and to identify how the concept of self-management was defined and used.Data sourcesA systematic literature search in Medline, Cochrane, Web of Science and PsycInfo was conducted to identify publications until July 2022.Review methodsPubl…

Interferon-β and FTY720 ameliorate progressive CNS inflammation via SOCS1-associated astrocyte signaling.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by initially relapsing-remitting neurological deficits followed by progressive and largely irreversible disability driven by glial and neuronal pathology behind an increasingly restrictive blood–brain barrier, limiting access of peripherally applied therapeutics. Here, we show that combining sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor (S1PR) modulation with CNS-penetrant intranasal interferon-β (nIFN-β) enhances therapeutic effects relative to FTY720 alone in a chronic progressive EAE model. Co…

Anterior optic pathway pathology in CNS demyelinating diseases.

The anterior optic pathway is one of the preferential sites of involvement in CNS inflammatory demyelinating diseases, such as multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica, with optic neuritis being a common presenting symptom. What is more, optic nerve involvement in these diseases is often subclinical, with optical coherence tomography demonstrating progressive neuroretinal thinning in the absence of optic neuritis. The pathological substrate for these findings is poorly understood and requires investigation. We had access to post-mortem tissue samples of optic nerves, chiasms and tracts from…

Multiple sclerosis occurrence with gut microbial metabolites and sex hormones.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic immune and neurodegenerative condition that affects the central nervous system (CNS). Multiple factors, both genetic (including the HLA gene locus) and environmental (Epstein-Barr virus, low vitamin D levels), may contribute to MS development. Growing evidence supports the importance of the gut-brain axis and hormones in disease pathogenesis and progression. This review focuses on identifying the role of specific gut microbial products (short-chain fatty acids, tryptophan derivatives, bile acids, and polyamines) in this process and how they affect the immun…

Активация клеток, похожих на ретинальный макрофаж, и разбавление слоя ячеек связаны с инвалидностью и МРТ-повреждением при множественном склерозе.

Множественный склероз — хроническая нейро-воспалительная болезнь, при которой клетки, подобные микроглии и макрофаге, играют центральную роль в прогрессии заболеваний. Сетчатка как центральная нервная система, доступная для неинвазивной съемки, открывает уникальное окно в эти процессы. ЦЕЛЬ: Цель этого исследования состояла в том, чтобы определить, связаны ли характеристики клеток сетчатки с макрофагом и толщиной клеточного слоя с клинической инвалидностью и ударом магнитного резонанса у пациентов с множественным склерозом.МЕТОДЫ: В ходе этого перекрестного наблюдения пациенты, страдающие множ

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
BACKGROUND: Multiple sclerosis is a chronic neuroinflammatory disease in which microglia and macrophage-like cells play a central role in disease progression. The retina, as a central nervous system extension accessible to non-invasive imaging, offers a unique window into these processes. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine whether retinal mac…

Кинуреньенс и митохондриальные расстройства в многоразовом склерозе.

Множественный склероз (MS) — хроническое аутоиммунное заболевание, характеризующееся воспалением, обезвоживанием и нейродегенерацией в центральной нервной системе. Патогенез MS связан с иммунной атаки на миелин и нейроны, сопровождаемой дисфункцией мозга в крови и хроническим воспалением CNS. Центральное значение для патологии MS имеет дисрегулирование кинуреньинового пути, который метаболизирует триптофан в нейроактивные соединения. Активация Kynurenin Translation (KP) под воздействием подстрекательских цитокинов приводит к образованию как нейрозащитных (например, кинуриновой кислоты, КИНА),

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterised by inflammation, demyelination, and neurodegeneration within the central nervous system. The pathogenesis of MS involves an immune-mediated attack on myelin and neurons, accompanied by blood-brain barrier dysfunction and chronic CNS inflammation. Central to MS pathology is dysregulation of…

CLICK-MS and MASTER-2 Phase IV trial design: cladribine tablets in suboptimally controlled relapsing multiple sclerosis.

Cladribine tablets 10 mg (3.5 mg/kg cumulative dose over 2 years) are approved for the treatment of relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis (MS), including relapsing-remitting MS and active secondary progressive MS. However, real-world data on cladribine tablets are limited. CLICK-MS and MASTER-2 are single arm, observational, 30-month, Phase IV studies in the US evaluating the effectiveness and safety of cladribine tablets 3.5 mg/kg in patients with relapsing-remitting MS or active secondary progressive MS who had suboptimal response to prior injectable (CLICK-MS), or infusion/oral (MASTER-2) d…

Cerebrospinal fluid interleukin-6 in central nervous system inflammatory diseases.

BACKGROUND: Interleukin (IL)-6 is recognised as an important cytokine involved in inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system (CNS). OBJECTIVE: To perform a large retrospective study designed to test cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) IL-6 levels in the context of neurological diseases, and evaluate its usefulness as a biomarker to help discriminate multiple sclerosis (MS) from other inflammatory neurological diseases (OIND). PATIENTS AND METHODS: We analyzed 374 CSF samples for IL-6 using a quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Groups tested were composed of demyelinating diseases …

Clinical features of patients with multiple sclerosis from a survey in Shanghai, China.

OBJECTIVE: To describe clinical features of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) in Shanghai, China. METHODS: Prevalent patients with MS were identified and investigated by a network of physicians in 11 districts of Shanghai during the period from 1 September 2004 to 31 August 2005. Admission registries of each hospital in the study area were checked systematically for patients with a diagnosis of MS, neuromyelitis optica or other demyelinating disorders. All patients with collected information were evaluated by four senior neurologists according to the McDonald criteria. RESULTS: There wer…

Multiple sclerosis in Pakistan.

We describe retrospective data from the largest series of patients (n=142) with multiple sclerosis (MS) from Pakistan. Mean age at onset was 27 years, with a female to male ratio of 1.45:1. The disease onset was polysymptomatic in 75% patients. Motor weakness was the most common onset symptom (70%), followed by sensory symptoms (45%). Optico-spinal type of MS was seen in only 3% of patients The course was relapsing-remitting (RR) in 81%, primary progressive (PP) in 21%, and secondary progressive (SP) in 4% of patients. Almost three-fourths of the patients were moderately (45%) or severely (31%…

New targets and therapeutics for neuroprotection, remyelination and repair in multiple sclerosis.

INTRODUCTION: Immunotherapies for multiple sclerosis (MS) significantly decrease the risk of new relapses. However, the chronic compartmentalized inflammation and neurodegeneration that define progressive MS are not prevented by these therapies and so significant damage to the brain and spinal cord and resulting disability ensues. Hence, the possibility of combining current immunotherapies with neuroprotective, remyelinating or regenerative therapies should be pursued. AREAS COVERED: This article sheds light on neuroprotective, remyelination and neurorepair strategies for MS, the numerous mec…

Effect of teriflunomide on QuantiFERON-TB Gold results.

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system characterized by damage to myelin and axons, over time leading to progressive neuronal degeneration and microglial activation. There is still no curative treatment, but during the last 20 years eight different therapies have become available including interferon beta, glatiramer acetate, teriflunomide, dimethyl fumarate, natalizumab, fingolimod, alemtuzumab, mitoxantrone and teriflunomide. Teriflunomide is an immunomodulatory drug that exerts an inhibitory effect on T cell activation in central nervous system of…

Recent clinical trials of cladribine in hematological malignancies and autoimmune disorders.

The purine nucleoside analog - cladribine (2-chlorodeoxyadenosine, 2-CdA) is a cytotoxic agent with high activity in lymphoid and myeloid ma … acute myeloid leukemia. Moreover, some studies indicate that 2-CdA has some activity in progressive multiple sclerosis and other autoimmune disorders including autoimmune hemolytic anemia, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, psoriasis and in patients with refractory factor VIII inhibitors. This review article will summarize the results of recent clin …