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Potential anti-EBV effects associated with elevated interleukin-21 levels: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Germinal center derived memory B cells and plasma cells constitute, in health and during EBV reactivation, the largest functional EBV reservoir. Hence, by reducing germinal center derived formation of memory B cells and plasma cells, EBV loads may be reduced. Animal and in-vitro models have shown that IL-21 can support memory B and plasma cell formation and thereby potentially contribute to EBV persistence. However, IL-21 also displays anti-viral effects, as mice models have shown that CD4+ T cell produced IL-21 is critical for the differentiation, function and survival of anti-vir

Induction of Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus-Encoded Thymidine Kinase (ORF21) by X-Box Binding Protein 1.

Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is the causative agent for Kaposi sarcoma (KS), primary effusion lymphoma (PEL), and multicentric Castleman disease (MCD). Like other herpesviruses, it has latent and lytic repertoires. However, there is evidence that some lytic genes can be directly activated by certain cellular factors. Cells undergoing endoplasmic reticulum stress express spliced X-box binding protein 1 (XBP-1s). XBP-1s is also present in large amounts in germinal center B cells. XBP-1s can activate the KSHV replication and transcription activator (RTA) and lytic replication. I

Atypical cellular disorders.

Some immunologic diseases are characterized by profound loss or primary dysfunction of a given population of cells. The atypical cellular disorders discussed here all bear some similarities in that abnormal proliferations of lymphocytes and macrophages or dendritic cells result in lymphadenopathy, skin rashes, bone lesions and infiltrations of nearly any other organ system. What are the similarities and the differences between Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH), sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy (SHML) or Rosai-Dorfman disease, and Castleman's disease (CD)? Studies on LCH have

Effusion cytology of EBV-associated lymphoma: a concise review.

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated lymphomas can, on rare occasions, involve body cavities, making effusion cytology an important diagnostic tool. This mini-review explores the spectrum of EBV-related lymphomas that may be detected in serous fluids, including EBV-positive nodal T/NK-cell lymphoma (EBV + nT/NKCL), extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, primary effusion lymphoma, EBV-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, and classic Hodgkin lymphoma. We present an index case of EBV + nT/NKCL with lymphomatous pleural effusion and discuss the cytologic features, differential diagnoses, and role of anc

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… Plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) Plasmablastic lymphoma is a rare and aggressive lymphoma with plasmacytic differentiation, strongly associated with HIV infection and EBV. … Plasmablastic lymphoma: An update. Int J Lab Hematol. 2022;44 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):54–63. 10.1111/ijlh.13863 PMC9545967 36074710 27. …

Concurrent B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and plasma cell neoplasm with plasmablastic features supporting divergent evolution from a shared precursor: a case report.

BACKGROUND: B-cell malignancies comprise a biologically diverse group of neoplasms, with only rare reports describing the co-occurrence of two distinct lymphoid entities. While concurrent presentation of mature B-cell neoplasms has been documented, the simultaneous occurrence of B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) and plasma cell neoplasm (PCN) has previously been reported rarely. Such cases may provide insight into the clonal architecture and evolutionary pathways underlying lymphoid malignancies. CASE PRESENTATION: We report a 76-year-old man presenting with cytopenias and leukocyto

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… The differential diagnosis of such a lesion includes plasmablastic lymphoma (characteristically EBER-positive and MYC-driven, both absent in our case), B-lymphoblastic leukemia with aberrant plasmacytoid features, and a clonally related plasmablastic/plasma-cell proliferation arising within a composite …

Clinical and Therapeutic Implications of Epstein-Barr Virus in HIV-Related Lymphomas.

The incidence of lymphomas is increased in people living with HIV (PLWH). Aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHLs) are the most common and are considered an AIDS-defining cancer (ADC). Although Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is not considered an ADC, its incidence is also increased in PLWH. Among all HIV-related lymphomas (HRL), the prevalence of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is high. It has been shown that EBV is involved in different lymphomagenic mechanisms mediated by some of its proteins, contributing to the development of different lymphoma subtypes. Additionally, cooperation between both HIV an

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… Plasmablastic Lymphoma Plasmablastic lymphoma is a B-cell NHL that most commonly occurs in PLWH and is characterized by loss of GC B-cell markers and the expression of plasma cell markers and features of an activated B-cell ( Figure 1 ) [ 29 ]. 2.3.1. … Plasmablastic Lymphoma. Med. Clín. Engl. Ed. 2016;147:399–404. doi: 10.1016/j.medcle.2016.11.027. 113. Castillo J.J., Bibas M., Miranda R.N. The Biology and Treatment of Plasmablastic Lymphoma. Blood. 2015;125:2323–2330. doi: 10.1182/blood-2014-10-567479. 114. …

Возвращенная Множественная миелома в гастроинском кишечном тракте с аберрантным выражением CD3: доклад по делу.

В этом докладе описывается редкий случай рецидива множественной миэломы в желудочно-кишечном тракте с аберрантным выражением CD3. При наличии острой почечной недостаточности у пациента были аномальные вычисления томографического сканирования брюшной полости и таза. После этого колоноскопия обнаружила множество полипов и масс. Гистологический анализ биопсии one Из масс обнаружил диффузный атипичный клеточный инфильтрационный процесс с недифференцированной морфологией в субмукозе, который был положительным для CD3, CD4, слабого и переменного CD79a, CD138, BCL2, CMYC, MUM1, виментина и моноклонно

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… Other lymphomas with plasmablastic morphology that may aberrantly express T-cell markers include plasmablastic lymphoma and ALK-positive large B-cell lymphoma, which are typically EBV-positive and ALK-positive, respectively; however, our case was negative for both markers. … CD3 is often designated as a lineage-specific pan-T-cell marker but has been rarely reported in some cases of multiple myeloma with plasmablastic morphology and plasmablastic lymphoma. …

Extranodal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma with monoclonal gammopathy: an aggressive and primary refractory disease responding to an immunomodulatory agent.

BackgroundAlthough the clinical outcome of patients with diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) has been improved by the addition of rituximab to standard chemotherapy, almost one-third fails or relapses after first line treatment. The presence of monoclonal gammopathy (MG) is a known adverse prognostic factor for DLBCL. Because this subset of patients does not benefit from R-CHOP, new therapeutic options are required. Herein, we report the first case of extranodal DBCL of the lung with a concomitant MG who achieved a long lasting complete remission with lenalidomide.Case presentationThe 73-yea

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… Gaidano G Cerri M Capello D Berra E Deambrogi C Rossi D Molecular histogenesis of plasmablastic lymphoma of the oral cavity Br J Haematol 2002 119 622 628 10.1046/j.1365-2141.2002.03872.x 12437635 10. … Carbone A Gaidano G Gloghini A Ferlito A Rinaldo A Stein H AIDS-related plasmablastic lymphomas of the oral cavity and jaws: a diagnostic dilemma Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1999 108 95 99 10.1177/000348949910800115 9930548 14. …

A Pathology Experience of Posttransplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder From One Tertiary Hospital: Pathology Concepts and Diagnostic Approach.

BACKGROUND: Solid organ transplantation and bone marrow/hematologic stem cell transplantation recipients face a heightened risk of developing malignancies or cancer as a result of immunosuppression. Posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD) are a range of disorders from benign lymphoid growth to lymphoma found post-transplant. Risk factors for PTLD include high immunosuppressive use and oncogenic effects of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). There is a lack of comprehensive clinical and pathological documentation of PTLD cases among Saudi patients, and the available data are limited to a few

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… Figure 4 Histopathology exanimation: hematoxylin and eosin stain (H&E) and immunohistochemistry studies of plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL). … Figure 5 Diagnostic dilemma between plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL), plasmablastic/anaplastic plasma cell myeloma (MM), and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) with plasmablastic features. …

Cutaneous involvement by multiple myeloma presenting as erythematous indurated plaques at the site of cardiac pacemaker insertion.

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… Other differential diagnoses for cutaneous involvement by MM include primary cutaneous plasmacytoma, plasmablastic lymphoma, and lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma. … Interestingly, a case of plasmablastic lymphoma occurring in a pacemaker pocket has been described. 8 This case highlights the importance of considering the rare manifestation of cutaneous involvement by MM and the possible predilection it has for surgical sites or sites of trauma. …

Hiv and Lymphoma: from Epidemiology to Clinical Management.

Patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are at increased risk for developing both non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL). Even if this risk has decreased for NHL after the introduction of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), they remain the most common acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related cancer in the developed world. They are almost always of B-cell origin, and some specific lymphoma types are more common than others. Some of these lymphoma types can occur in both HIV-uninfected and infected patients, while others preferentially develop

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… Plasmablastic lymphomas of the oral cavity: a new entity associated with the human immunodeficiency virus infection. Blood. 1997;89:1413–20. 72. Castillo JJ, Bibas M, Miranda RN. The biology and treatment of plasmablastic lymphoma. Blood. 2015;125:2323–30. doi: 10.1182/blood-2014-10-567479. 73. … Treatment of HIV-associated plasmablastic lymphoma: a single-center experience with 25 patients. J Clin Oncol. 2014;32 abstr 8583. 78. …

Одноклеточная транскриптомика для иммунного профилирования цереброспинной жидкости в неврологических заболеваниях.

В ходе этого всеобъемлющего обзора мы прорабатываем значительный объем исследований по одноклеточной транскриптомике в цереброспайнальной жидкости (CSF) для понимания неврологических заболеваний с аутоиммунным, нейродегенеративным, инфекционным или онкогенным происхождением. Мы тщательно изучаем все опубликованные исследования в этих областях с особым акцентом на множественный склероз, болезнь Альцгеймера и болезнь Паркинсона. Что касается этих заболеваний, то мы анализируем результаты, связанные с иммунными клетками, проникающими в мозг, на основе вскрытого анализа тканей мозга и с использова

Gastrointestinal bleeding as initial presentation of extramedullary plasma cell neoplasms: A case report and review of the literature.

BackgroundPlasma-cell neoplasms rarely involve the gastrointestinal tract and manifest as gastrointestinal bleeding. Plasmablastic myeloma is an aggressive plasma cell neoplasm associated with poor outcomes. A small number of cases with gastrointestinal involvement is reported in the literature and therefore high index of suspicion is essential for avoiding delays in diagnosis and treatment.Case summaryOur aim is to present our experience of a 70-year-old patient with a secondary presentation of plasmablastic myeloma manifesting as unstable upper gastrointestinal bleeding and to review the lit

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… CD138 staining is positive in normal B-cell precursors and plasma cells, along as plasmablastic lymphomas and myelomas; C: Same specimen positive for MUM-1 (Multiple Myeloma-1) nuclear stain. … Lymphoma: Different Yet Related Diseases IJHT 2018 6 25 8 32 Cook L Macdonald DH Management of paraproteinaemia Postgrad Med J 2007 83 217 223 17403946 10.1136/pgmj.2006.054627 PMC2600027 33 Campo E Swerdlow SH Harris NL Pileri S Stein H Jaffe ES The 2008 WHO classification of lymphoid neoplasms and …

АнтиCD38 моноколональные антитела в множестве миеломы и за ее пределами: иммунотерапевтические механизмы, зрелость улик и клиническое позиционирование.

АнтиCD38 моноколональные антитела стали центральной иммунотерапевтической платформой во множестве миэломы, где они изменили курс лечения от рецидива или рефракторного заболевания, передней терапии, интенсификации технического обслуживания и минимального управления, ориентированного на остаточные заболевания. Их успех в многочисленных миеломах также стимулировал более широкое развитие в области иммуноглобулинового светового амилоида, отдельных гематологовых магнелез и юморальных иммунных расстройств. CD38 функционирует как как поверхностная мишень, так и как эктоэнзим, связанный с метаболизмом

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… lymphoma; PMN, primary membranous nephropathy; PRCA, pure red cell aplasia; R/R, relapsed/refractory; SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus; T-ALL/T-LBL, T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoblastic lymphoma. … Early signals have been reported in plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) and selected CD20-negative/CD38-positive relapsed or refractory DLBCL, including daratumumab-based combinations in selected CD38-positive or plasmablastic phenotypes ( 78 , 79 ). …

Enhancing Immune Response in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Patients: Impact of the 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine.

Background: Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the most frequently diagnosed diseases among all types of lung cancer. Infectious diseases contribute to morbidity and mortality by delaying appropriate anti-cancer therapy in patients with NSCLC. Methods: The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of vaccination with the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) in 288 newly diagnosed NSCLC patients. The analysis of the post-vaccination response was performed after vaccination by assessing the frequency of plasmablasts via flow cytometry and by assessing the concentration of s

Cytology and clinical features of myelomatous pleural effusion: Three case reports and a review of the literature.

The purpose of this study was to report the clinical features, laboratory findings, and cytomorphology, and prognosis of three patients with myelomatous pleural effusion (MPE). The literature pertaining to MPE was reviewed. The three cases and literature review suggest that MPE is rare and often associated with a poor prognosis. The correct diagnosis depends on the aggressive clinical characteristics, laboratory findings, and chromosomal abnormalities, but routine pathological examination of the pleural effusion has low sensitivity. Cell blocks stained with hematoxylin & eosin and by immunohis

New Insights and Future Perspectives of APRIL in IgA Nephropathy.

IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is characterized by immune-mediated glomerulonephritis, with the accumulation of galactose-deficient IgA1 (Gd-IgA1) in the glomeruli and increased levels of circulating Gd-IgA1 and Gd-IgA1-containing immune complexes. An incomplete understanding of the underlying mechanisms and differences in clinical and pathological features between individuals and ethnicities has contributed to the lack of established treatments for IgAN. A tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family member, a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL), is a crucial cytokine essential for the generation and surviva

Promising immunotherapeutic approaches for primary effusion lymphoma.

Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) is a large B-cell neoplasm usually presenting as a serious effusion in body cavities without detectable tumor masses. It is an AIDS-related non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) with human herpes virus 8 (HHV8)/Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpes virus (KSHV) infection. A combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) prolongs the lifespan of AIDS and AIDS-related malignant lymphoma patients, but PEL continues to have a dismal prognosis. PEL showed disappointing outcomes with standard chemotherapy such as CHOP or CHOP-like regimens. A PEL status highlights the urgent need for new

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… The most common CD20-negative B cell NHLs are PEL, large B-cell lymphoma arising from HHV8/KSHV-MCD, plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL), and ALK-positive large B cell lymphoma [ 26 ]. … SLAMF7 (CD319/CS1) is expressed in plasmablastic lymphoma and is a potential diagnostic marker and therapeutic target. Br J Haematol. 2019;185:145–7. doi: 10.1111/bjh.15393. 45. Lonial S, Dimopoulos M, Palumbo A, White D, Grosicki S, Spicka I, et al. …

Множественная миелома с участием Лептоминге: исследование Three Расследования случаев диагностирования и лечения.

Участие центральной нервной системы (ЦНС) в многочисленных миеломах (ММ) является редким, но серьезным осложнением, которое создает значительные диагностические и терапевтические проблемы. Эта статья представляет three :: случаи участия лептомингелов в работе пациентов с MM, с уделением особого внимания различным клиническим представлениям, диагностическим подходам и применяемым методам лечения. Первый случай - 54-year-old Женщина, которая после первоначального лечения и аутологической трансплантации стволовых клеток развила болезнь CNS. Аналогичным образом a 73-year-old У самки развилось лепт

Plasma Cell Disorders

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… Plasmablastic lymphoma in HIV-positive patients: an aggressive Epstein-Barr virus-associated extramedullary plasmacytic neoplasm. Am J Surg Pathol. 2005;29(12):1633–1641. doi: 10.1097/01.pas.0000173023.02724.1f. 72. Grosbois B, Jego P, Attal M. …