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Essential Medicinal Chemistry of Essential Medicines.

Since 1977, the World Health Organization publishes a list of essential medicines, i.e., those that satisfy the priority health care needs of the population and are selected with regard to disease prevalence and public health relevance, evidence of clinical efficacy, and safety, as well as comparative costs and cost-effectiveness. The Essential Medicines List (EML) is an invaluable tool for all countries to select those medicines that have an excellent risk/benefit ratio and that are reputed to be of pivotal importance to health. In the present perspective, we describe the chemical composition

Hypercalcemia of Malignancy and Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw Following Denosumab Discontinuation in Metastatic Breast Cancer: A Case Report.

Hypercalcemia of malignancy (HCM) is a common and serious complication in patients with advanced cancer and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Standard long-term management of HCM relies on anti-resorptive therapies such as bisphosphonates and denosumab, both of which act by inhibiting osteoclast-mediated bone resorption but carry the risk of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ). This case illustrates a patient with metastatic breast cancer (MBC) who developed recurrent, severe hypercalcemia after discontinuing denosumab due to MRONJ, followed by profound hy

Эстрадиол содействует ремонту Myelin в Spinal Cord of Women Mice в CXCR4 Chemokine Receptor-Nependent.

В центральной нервной системе для взрослых (ЦНС) регенерация миелина происходит главным образом за счет дифференциации клеток олигодендроцитов потомства на зрелые олигодендроциты. У мужчин снижение уровня тестостерона ускоряет развитие множественных склерозов (МС), в то время как у женщин менопауза усугубляет инвалидность, связанную с НР. Ранее мы продемонстрировали, что функциональные яички и тестостерон необходимы для спонтанной ремимиилации фокус-лизолицитина (LPC), вызванной демиелином повреждения позвоночника мужских мышей. Ремонт миелина на основе тестостерона зависел от введения хемокин

Energy metabolism in health and diseases.

Energy metabolism is indispensable for sustaining physiological functions in living organisms and assumes a pivotal role across physiological and pathological conditions. This review provides an extensive overview of advancements in energy metabolism research, elucidating critical pathways such as glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, fatty acid metabolism, and amino acid metabolism, along with their intricate regulatory mechanisms. The homeostatic balance of these processes is crucial; however, in pathological states such as neurodegenerative diseases, autoimmune disorders, and cancer, exten

The Onco-Nephrology Field: The Role of Personalized Chemotherapy to Prevent Kidney Damage.

In recent years, the onco-nephrology field has acquired a relevant role in internal medicine due to the growing number of cases of renal dysfunction that have been observed in cancer patients. This clinical complication can be induced by the tumor itself (for example, due to obstructive phenomena affecting the excretory tract or by neoplastic dissemination) or by chemotherapy, as it is potentially nephrotoxic. Kidney damage can manifest as acute kidney injury or represent a worsening of pre-existing chronic kidney disease. In cancer patients, physicians should try to set preventive strategies

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… In the case of renal tubular acidosis induced by cisplatin, patients should also receive alkali therapy (i.e., sodium bicarbonate or potassium citrate). …

Клиническая реакция и переливание овечек, подвергшихся однополому переливанию крови.

Исследования, касающиеся сохранения крови и реагирования на переливание крови, недостаточны для румын. Мы провели оценку клинических проявлений овец, которые получили одно гомологическое переливание целой крови, сосредоточившись на реакциях на переливание. Eighteen Взрослые овцы подвергались одной флеботомии, с тем чтобы избавиться от нее. 40% общего объема крови, который был помещен в CPDA-1 мешки, а затем разделённые на G0, животные, которые получили свежую кровь, и G15 и G35, животные, которые получали кровь, хранимую для 15 или 35 Дни, соответственно. В ходе переливания были зарегистрирова

Lithium: A Promising Anticancer Agent.

Lithium is a therapeutic cation used to treat bipolar disorders but also has some important features as an anti-cancer agent. In this review, we provide a general overview of lithium, from its transport into cells, to its innovative administration forms, and based on genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic data. Lithium formulations such as lithium acetoacetate (LiAcAc), lithium chloride (LiCl), lithium citrate (Li3C6H5O7), and lithium carbonate (Li2CO3) induce apoptosis, autophagy, and inhibition of tumor growth and also participate in the regulation of tumor proliferation, tumor invasion, and

Recent Advances in the Treatment and Supportive Care of POEMS Syndrome.

POEMS is a rare clonal plasma cell disorder characterized by multi-systemic features that include demyelinating peripheral neuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, presence of monoclonal proteins (M-protein), and skin changes. Even though the pathophysiology is poorly understood, recent studies suggest that both clonal and polyclonal plasmacytosis leading to the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and angiogenic mediators play the central role. These mediators including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are the driving forces of the syndrome. The diagnosis of POEMS is not always

Update on Contrast-Induced Nephropathy: Recent Developments in Its Prevention, Early Diagnosis, and Therapy.

Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN), now more accurately referred to as contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI), remains a major cause of hospital-acquired acute kidney injury (AKI) and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality, particularly in high-risk patients. This condition occurs following the intravascular administration of iodinated radiocontrast media (RCM), especially in individuals with pre-existing chronic kidney disease (CKD), diabetes mellitus, heart failure, advanced age, or exposure to high contrast volumes. The pathophysiology of CI-AKI is multifactorial and in

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… Sodium Citrate Another molecule that has been tested is oral sodium/potassium citrate (Na/K citrate). …

45th International Symposium on Intensive Care & Emergency Medicine.

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Metabolomics for hematologic malignancies: Advances and perspective.

With the use of advanced technology, metabolomics allows for a thorough examination of metabolites and other small molecules found in biological specimens, blood, and tissues. In recent years, metabolomics has been recognized that is closely related to the development of malignancies in the hematological system. Alterations in metabolomic pathways and networks are important in the pathogenesis of hematologic malignancies and can also provide a theoretical basis for early diagnosis, efficacy evaluation, accurate staging, and individualized targeted therapy. In this review, we summarize the prog

Moving Beyond G-CSF Mobilization-Learning From a 15-Year Experience of Different Stem Cell Mobilization Regimens in Multiple Myeloma.

BackgroundStem-cell mobilization in multiple myeloma is usually done with G-CSF with or without Cyclophosphamide (Cy) based chemotherapy/Plerixafor. Pre-clinical data suggest the role of proteasome inhibitors in mobilization. We previously reported that Bortezomib (Bort) when added to a Cy-based regimen had a better stem-cell yield. Consequent to favorable results with Bort + Cy-G-CSF, we used Bortezomib with G-CSF too. Hence, four different mobilization regimens were used-Bort + G-CSF (Group-1); G-CSF + Plerixafor (Group-2); Bort - Cy-G-CSF (Group-3); Cy + G-CSF (Group-4). We report here our

Combined crystal-storing histiocytosis, light chain proximal tubulopathy, and light chain crystalline podocytopathy in a patient with multiple myeloma: a case report and literature review.

BackgroundCrystal-storing histiocytosis (CSH), light chain proximal tubulopathy (LCPT), and light chain crystalline podocytopathy (LCCP) are rare complications of multiple myeloma (MM) or monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance, and their diagnoses are challenging.Case presentationIn this case, a 69-year-old Chinese woman presented with suspicious Fanconi syndrome with renal insufficiency. Immunofixation electrophoresis of both serum and urine revealed elevated immunoglobulin G kappa (IgGkappa) and kappa light chain. Bone marrow aspirate revealed 15% plasma cells with considerable cytoplas

Downregulation of SLC40A1 leads to iron accumulation in fibrotic lung fibroblasts.

Iron is an essential nutrient for almost all organisms. However, excess iron generates reactive oxygen species and causes tissue injuries. Iron is implicated in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). In this study, we examined iron accumulation in fibrotic lung fibroblasts and the underlying mechanisms. We hypothesize that the downregulation of Solute Carrier Family 40 Member 1 (SLC40A1) results in iron accumulation in lung fibroblasts of IPF patients. Using a Prussian Blue iron staining, we found that iron accumulated in the fibrotic region of the lungs from IPF patients and bleomycin- and asbe

Неожиданное возрождение в отсутствие матричной металопротеины 7.

В множестве склерозов (MS) приток иммунных клеток в центральную нервную систему приводит к обезвоживанию мозга, зрительного нерва и спинного мозга. По мере того как MS прогрессирует, воспоминание становится все более неэффективным, что делает нейронные аксоны уязвимыми для дегенерации и приводит к постоянной неврологической инвалидности. При хронических поражениях MS аберрантная аккумуляция молекул внеклеточной матрицы (ECM), включая фибронектин и гиалуронан, ухудшает олигодендроцитную дифференциацию клеточных клеток, что ведет к сбоям в ремилинации. Таким образом, устранение ингибиторских УХМ

Evaluation of transfusion pyrexia: a review of differential diagnosis and management.

Background/purpose. Transfusion pyrexia (fever) is an important clinical sign/symptom occurring either as an isolated event or as part of a constellation of signs and symptoms in relation to blood transfusion. It is an important cause of morbidity and may be an important sign of life-threatening complications of blood transfusion. Pyrexia is often a reason for the discontinuation of a blood transfusion episode, and adequate evaluation remains a challenge for clinicians. The decision to stop a blood transfusion episode on account of fever is often a difficult one. This paper reviews the differe

Interferon-Based Biopharmaceuticals: Overview on the Production, Purification, and Formulation.

The advent of biopharmaceuticals in modern medicine brought enormous benefits to the treatment of numerous human diseases and improved the well-being of many people worldwide. First introduced in the market in the early 1980s, the number of approved biopharmaceutical products has been steadily increasing, with therapeutic proteins, antibodies, and their derivatives accounting for most of the generated revenues. The success of pharmaceutical biotechnology is closely linked with remarkable developments in DNA recombinant technology, which has enabled the production of proteins with high specific

Pharmacological treatment options for mast cell activation disease.

Mast cell activation disease (MCAD) is a term referring to a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by aberrant release of variable subsets of mast cell (MC) mediators together with accumulation of either morphologically altered and immunohistochemically identifiable mutated MCs due to MC proliferation (systemic mastocytosis [SM] and MC leukemia [MCL]) or morphologically ordinary MCs due to decreased apoptosis (MC activation syndrome [MCAS] and well-differentiated SM). Clinical signs and symptoms in MCAD vary depending on disease subtype and result from excessive mediator release by MC

Principles of Therapeutic Apheresis in Neurological Disease.

BackgroundTherapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) is a well-known apheresis technology since many years and is available worldwide. Myasthenia gravis is one of the first neurological diseases successfully treated with TPE. TPE is also frequently applied in acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (Guillain-Barré syndrome). Both neurological disorders are immunologically mediated and might cause life-threatening symptoms in patients.SummaryThere is a large body of evidence from many randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that the application of TPE in myasthenia gravis crisis or in acute

Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy (CIPN).

The mitochondrial dysfunction has a critical role in several disorders including chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathies (CIPN). This is due to a related dysregulation of pathways involving calcium signalling, reactive oxygen species and apoptosis. Vincristine is able to affect calcium movement through the Dorsal Root Ganglia (DRG) neuronal mitochondrial membrane, altering its homeostasis and leading to abnormal neuronal excitability. Paclitaxel induces the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore in axons followed by mitochondrial membrane potential loss, increased react