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Plants as a Source of Anticancer Agents: From Bench to Bedside.

Cancer is the second leading cause of death after cardiovascular diseases. Conventional anticancer therapies are associated with lack of selectivity and serious side effects. Cancer hallmarks are biological capabilities acquired by cancer cells during neoplastic transformation. Targeting multiple cancer hallmarks is a promising strategy to treat cancer. The diversity in chemical structure and the relatively low toxicity make plant-derived natural products a promising source for the development of new and more effective anticancer therapies that have the capacity to target multiple hallmarks in

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… Flavonoids are known for their low molecular weight and phenolic structure that mainly exists in the seeds, bark, leaves, and flowers of plants [ 133 ]. Flavonoids are categorized into six classes and quercetin falls under the subclass of flavonols. … Generally, it can be found in flowers ( Reseda luteola and Chrysanthemums ), herbs (parsley, peppermint, oregano, and thyme), vegetables (celery seeds, onion leaves, cabbages, sweet bell peppers, carrots, and broccoli), and spices (cardamom and anise) [ 324 , 325 ]. …

Total Body Irradiation in Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Paediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia: Review of the Literature and Future Directions.

Total body irradiation (TBI) has been a pivotal component of the conditioning regimen for allogeneic myeloablative haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in very-high-risk acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) for decades, especially in children and young adults. The myeloablative conditioning regimen has two aims: (1) to eradicate leukaemic cells, and (2) to prevent rejection of the graft through suppression of the recipient's immune system. Radiotherapy has the advantage of achieving an adequate dose effect in sanctuary sites and in areas with poor blood supply. However, radiotherapy

Angioprevention of Urologic Cancers by Plant-Derived Foods.

The number of cancer cases worldwide keeps growing unstoppably, despite the undeniable advances achieved by basic research and clinical practice. Urologic tumors, including some as prevalent as prostate, bladder or kidney tumors, are no exceptions to this rule. Moreover, the fact that many of these tumors are detected in early stages lengthens the duration of their treatment, with a significant increase in health care costs. In this scenario, prevention offers the most cost-effective long-term strategy for the global control of these diseases. Although specialized diets are not the only way to

HIV-Associated Lymphomas: Updates from Pathogenesis to Treatment Strategies.

HIV-associated lymphoma (HAL) is an aggressive malignancy directly linked to HIV infection and accounts for more than 30% of cancer-related deaths in people living with HIV (PLWH). HAL subtypes, including diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), Burkitt lymphoma (BL), primary effusion lymphoma (PEL), and plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL), exhibit five to ten times higher incidence rates and distinct molecular profiles compared to HIV-negative lymphomas. Pathogenesis involves HIV-driven CD4+ T-cell depletion, chronic B-cell activation, and oncogenic viral coinfection. First-line therapy combines antir

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… Subramanian K., Switchenko J.M., Flowers C., Khan M.K. A meta-analysis on ABVD administration in HIV+ patients with advanced stage Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL). J. Clin. Oncol. 2018;36(15) Suppl.:e19522–e2. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2018.36.15_suppl.e19522. 130. Besson C., Lancar R., Prevot S., et al. …

Распространение CMV, EBV, HPV и HSV среди здорового населения Южной Азии: систематический обзор и метаанализ.

Cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr (EBV), Human papillomavirus (HPV) и Herpes simlex вирус (HSV) являются вирусами ДНК, которые широко распространены среди населения. Хотя распространенность каждого из этих вирусов изучалась отдельно среди населения Южной Азии, никаких исследований, касающихся совместного распространения этих вирусов среди здоровых людей в Южной Азии, не проводилось. Систематический поиск проводился с использованием three базы данных (PubMed, Scopus и Cochrane Bibrary) и one поисковая система (научный сотрудник Google) для первоначальных исследований населения Южной Азии (опу

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… Sex Transm Dis . 2008 ; 35 ( 9 ): 791 – 6 . doi: 10.1097/OLQ.0b013e3181788301 18607314 154 Ramaswamy M , McDonald C , Sabin C , Tenant-Flowers M , Smith M , Geretti AM . …

Anticancer potential of decursin, decursinol angelate, and decursinol from Angelica gigas Nakai: A comprehensive review and future therapeutic prospects.

Many naturally derived compounds are currently used in oncotherapy. Besides official medicine, complementary and alternative medicine practices, including old herbal remedies, are widely used and accepted as additional tools in cancer treatment. Angelica gigas Nakai (AGN), a medicinal herb in Asia, has roots historically used in medicine. This review focuses on key bioactive compounds from AGN roots - decursin, decursinol angelate (DA), and decursinol (DOH). Exploring their source, biosynthesis, and therapeutic mechanisms, the review highlights their role in cancer treatment. Biotechnological

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… AGN shows purple double umbrella‐shaped flowers that bloom between August and September and has many small rootlets on the thick roots (Park et al., 2020 ). …

Potential Associations between Vascular Biology and Hodgkin's Lymphoma: An Overview.

Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) is a lymphatic neoplasm typically found in the cervical lymph nodes. The disease is multifactorial, and in recent years, the relationships between various vascular molecules have been explored in the field of vascular biology. The connection between vascular biology and HL is intricate and the roles of several pathways remain unclear. This review summarizes the cellular and molecular relationships between vascular biology and HL. Proteins associated with various functions in vascular biology, including cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1, IL-13, and IL-21), chemokines (CXCL10, CXCL1

Vaccine schedule recommendations and updates for patients with hematologic malignancy post-hematopoietic cell transplant or CAR T-cell therapy.

Revaccination after receipt of a hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) or cellular therapies is a pillar of patient supportive care, with the potential to reduce morbidity and mortality linked to vaccine-preventable infections. This review synthesizes national, international, and expert consensus vaccination schedules post-HCT and presents evidence regarding the efficacy of newer vaccine formulations for pneumococcus, recombinant zoster vaccine, and coronavirus disease 2019 in patients with hematological malignancy. Revaccination post-cellular therapies are less well defined. This review highlig

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… Clin Infect Dis . 2014 ; 60 ( 7 ): 1068 ‐ 1074 . doi: 10.1093/cid/ciu970 25452596 PMC4447792 7 Boeckh M , Kim HW , Flowers ME , Meyers JD , Bowden RA . …

Expert consensus on the clinical application of antibody-drug conjugates in the treatment of malignant tumors (2021 edition).

Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are targeted biological agents composed of a cytotoxic drug linked to a monoclonal antibody through a linker. The monoclonal antibody targets tumor cells and transports small-molecule cytotoxic drugs for specific delivery and minimal off-target side effects. It is necessary for clinicians to understand the molecular characteristics and mechanisms of ADCs. Patients' survival mainly depends on the appropriate dose and course of treatment and also on proper management of adverse reactions. This consensus provides a systematic review of commercially available ADCs a

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… Sehn LH, Herrera AF, Flowers CR, Kamdar MK, McMillan A, Hertzberg M, et al. Polatuzumab vedotin in relapsed or refractory diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma. J Clin Oncol. 2020;38(2):155–65. 10.1200/JCO.19.00172 13. Yu B, Liu D. …

Impact of Glucocorticoid Use in Oncology in the Immunotherapy Era.

Thanks to their anti-inflammatory, anti-oedema, and anti-allergy properties, glucocorticoids are among the most widely prescribed drugs in patients with cancer. The indications for glucocorticoid use are very wide and varied in the context of cancer and include the symptomatic management of cancer-related symptoms (compression, pain, oedema, altered general state) but also prevention or treatment of common side effects of anti-cancer therapies (nausea, allergies, etc.) or immune-related adverse events (irAE). In this review, we first give an overview of the different clinical situations where

Rare central nervous system lymphomas.

Central nervous system (CNS) lymphomas are rare malignancies characterised by lymphoid infiltration into the brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, meninges and/or eyes in the presence or absence of previous or concurrent systemic disease. Most CNS lymphomas are of the diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) subtype for which treatment strategies, particularly the use of high-dose methotrexate-based protocols and consolidation with autologous stem cell transplantation, are well established. Other histopathological subtypes of CNS lymphoma are comparatively less common with published data on these r

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… Eur J Haematol . 2014 ; 92 : 454 – 5 . 24330308 10.1111/ejh.12247 82 Flowers CR , Leonard JP , Fowler NH . Lenalidomide in follicular lymphoma . Blood . 2020 ; 135 : 2133 – 6 . 32236519 10.1182/blood.2019001751 PMC7290094 83 Gribben JG , Fowler N , Morschhauser F . …

Oral and Maxillo-Facial Manifestations of Systemic Diseases: An Overview.

Many systemic (infective, genetic, autoimmune, neoplastic) diseases may involve the oral cavity and, more generally, the soft and hard tissues of the head and neck as primary or secondary localization. Primary onset in the oral cavity of both pediatric and adult diseases usually represents a true challenge for clinicians; their precocious detection is often difficult and requires a wide knowledge but surely results in the early diagnosis and therapy onset with an overall better prognosis and clinical outcomes. In the current paper, as for the topic of the current Special Issue, the authors pre

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… Flowers M.E., Inamoto Y., Carpenter P.A., Lee S.J., Kiem H.P., Petersdorf E.W., Pereira S.E., Nash R.A., Mielcarek M., Fero M.L., et al. …

The Undervalued Avenue to Reinstate Tumor Suppressor Functionality of the p53 Protein Family for Improved Cancer Therapy-Drug Repurposing.

p53 and p73 are critical tumor suppressors that are often inactivated in human cancers through various mechanisms. Owing to their high structural homology, the proteins have many joined functions and recognize the same set of genes involved in apoptosis and cell cycle regulation. p53 is known as the 'guardian of the genome' and together with p73 forms a barrier against cancer development and progression. The TP53 is mutated in more than 50% of all human cancers and the germline mutations in TP53 predispose to the early onset of multiple tumors in Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS), the inherited cance

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… Goldstein D.A., Chen Q., Ayer T., Howard D.H., Lipscomb J., El-Rayes B.F., Flowers C.R. First- and second-line bevacizumab in addition to chemotherapy for metastatic colorectal cancer: A United States-based cost-effectiveness analysis. J. Clin. …

How I treat elderly patients with plasma cell dyscrasias.

Plasma cell dyscrasias are a rare heterogeneous group of hematological disorders which are more prevalent in the older part of the population. The introduction of novel agents, improved understanding of disease biology and better supportive management have improved outcomes considerably and in the era of the aging population the question of how to best manage older patients with plasma cell dyscrasias has never been more relevant. Data on how to treat these patients comes mostly from subgroup analysis as they are underrepresented in clinical trials. This review will cover issues, available evi

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… Blood . 2015 ; 126 : 721 – 32 . 10.1182/blood-2015-01-553974 26002963 81 Teras LR , DeSantis CE , Cerhan JR , Morton LM , Jemal A , Flowers CR . 2016 US lymphoid malignancy statistics by World Health Organization subtypes. …

Essential oils and their constituents as anticancer agents: a mechanistic view.

Exploring natural plant products as an option to find new chemical entities as anticancer agents is one of the fastest growing areas of research. Recently, in the last decade, essential oils (EOs) have been under study for their use in cancer therapy and the present review is an attempt to collect and document the available studies indicating EOs and their constituents as anticancer agents. This review enlists nearly 130 studies of EOs from various plant species and their constituents that have been studied so far for their anticancer potential and these studies have been classified as in vitr

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… its constituents from indigenous cinnamon ( Cinnamomum osmophloeum ) twigs Bioresource Technology 2008 99 9 3908 3913 2-s2.0-43849093857 17826984 10.1016/j.biortech.2007.07.050 153 Ashour HM Antibacterial, antifungal, and anticancer activities of volatile oils and extracts from stems, leaves, and flowers …

Targeting translation initiation in breast cancer.

Over the past 20 years, a better understanding of cancer biology, screening for early detection, improved adjuvant treatment, and targeted therapies have decreased the rate of breast cancer deaths. However, resistance to treatment is common, and new approaches are needed. Deregulation of translation initiation is associated with the commencement and progression of cancer. Often, translation initiation factors are overexpressed and the related signaling pathways activated in human tumors. Recently, a significant number of inhibitors that target translation factors and pathways have become avail

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… Flowers A, Chu QD, Panu L, Meschonat C, Caldito G, Lowery-Nordberg M, Li BD.. Eukaryotic initiation factor 4E overexpression in triple-negative breast cancer predicts a worse outcome. Surgery 2009; 146:220 - 6; http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/j.surg.2009.05.010; PMID: 19628077 72. …

Sex Differences in Cancer-Associated Thrombosis.

Cancer-associated thrombosis (CAT) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in oncology, arising from complex interactions between tumor biology, host factors, and anticancer therapies. Growing evidence indicates that biological sex and gender-related factors modulate both thrombotic risk and clinical expression of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients with cancer. In this narrative review, we summarize current epidemiological, biological, and clinical data on sex- and gender-related differences in CAT across solid and hematologic malignancies. Men generally exhibit a higher overall inci

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… Key N.S., Khorana A.A., Kuderer N.M., Bohlke K., Lee A.Y.Y., Arcelus J.I., Wong S.L., Balaban E.P., Flowers C.R., Francis C.W., et al. Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis and Treatment in Patients with Cancer: ASCO Clinical Practice Guideline Update. J. Clin. …

Antibody-Drug Conjugates: Pharmacotherapeutic Properties and Future Perspectives.

Background: The clinical landscape for antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) is currently experiencing an unprecedented expansion, with more than 20 agents approved to date and hundreds presently under clinical evaluation, underscoring their growing impact in precision oncology. By combining the cytotoxic potency of chemotherapy with the selectivity of monoclonal antibodies, ADCs have redefined targeted cancer therapy. Nevertheless, challenges related to toxicity, resistance, and suboptimal drug delivery continue to limit their full clinical potential. Objectives: This review provides a comprehensiv

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… Sehn L., Herrera A., Flowers C., Kamdar M., McMillan A., Hertzberg M., Assouline S., Kim T., Kim W., Ozcan M., et al. Polatuzumab Vedotin in Relapsed or Refractory Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma. J. Clin. Oncol. 2020;38:155–165. doi: 10.1200/JCO.19.00172. 31. …

Therapeutic Vaccines for Hematological Cancers: A Scoping Review of This Immunotherapeutic Approach as Alternative to the Treatment of These Malignancies.

Background/Objectives: The need for innovative cancer treatments has brought immunotherapies to the forefront as a promising approach, with therapeutic vaccines demonstrating the potential to mobilize immune cells to eliminate tumor cells. However, challenges such as genetic variability among patients, immune evasion mechanisms, and disease relapse contribute to the complexity of achieving an ideal therapy, especially for hematological cancers. This review systematically identifies and analyzes recent studies focused on the development of therapeutic immunotherapy vaccines, examining critical

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… Flowers C.R. Koff J.L. Linking Environmental Exposures to Molecular Pathogenesis in Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Subtypes Cancer Epidemiol. Biomark. Prev. 2020 29 1844 1855 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-20-0228 PMC7541593 32727723 93. Francisco L.F.V. da Silva R.N. Oliveira M.A. dos Santos Neto M.F. …

Measurable residual disease (MRD) as a surrogate end point for clinical drug approval in acute myeloid leukemia (AML): Perspectives from the MRD Partnership and Alliance in AML Clinical Treatment Consortium.

Despite advances in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) treatment, significant unmet medical needs remain. Surrogate end points for overall survival can accelerate the approval of novel therapies. Measurable residual disease (MRD) is a promising surrogate end point candidate, providing a sensitive and quantitative assessment of disease burden. Numerous studies have demonstrated that negative MRD status-across diverse methodologies, assessment timepoints and thresholds, patient subgroups, and clinical settings-independently predicts improved survival. Although MRD can inform therapeutic decisions at t

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… Shi Q, Flowers CR, Hiddemann W, et al. Thirty‐month complete response as a surrogate end point in first‐line follicular lymphoma therapy: an individual patient‐level analysis of multiple randomized trials. J Clin Oncol. 2017;35(5):552‐560. doi: 10.1200/jco.2016.70.8651 98. …