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Chronic Lyme borreliosis at the root of multiple sclerosis--is a cure with antibiotics attainable?

Apart from its devastating impact on individuals and their families, multiple sclerosis (MS) creates a huge economic burden for society by mainly afflicting young adults in their most productive years. Although effective strategies for symptom management and disease modifying therapies have evolved, there exists no curative treatment yet. Worldwide, MS prevalence parallels the distribution of the Lyme disease pathogen Borrelia (B.) burgdorferi, and in America and Europe, the birth excesses of those individuals who later in life develop MS exactly mirror the seasonal distributions of Borrelia t…

Chlamydophila pneumoniae infection of the central nervous system in patients with multiple sclerosis.

BACKGROUND: Chlamydophila pneumoniae has been postulated as an aetiological agent in the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis. Previous studies show conflicting results. OBJECTIVE: To investigate patients with multiple sclerosis and other neurological diseases for evidence of past or present infection with C pneumoniae. METHODS: 19 patients with multiple sclerosis and 29 with other neurological diseases were studied. Evidence was sought for past or present infection with C pneumoniae using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and cell culture of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and enzyme linked immun…

Non-invasive measurement of brain damage in a primate model of multiple sclerosis.

Early recognition of whether a product has potential as a new therapy for treating multiple sclerosis (MS) relies upon the quality of the animal models used in the preclinical trials. The promising effects of new treatments in rodent models of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) have rarely been reproduced in patients suffering from MS. EAE in outbred marmoset monkeys, Callithrix jacchus, is a valid new model, and might provide an experimental link between EAE in rodent models and human MS. Using magnetic resonance imaging techniques similar to those used in patients suffering from…

An MRI study of Chlamydia pneumoniae infection in Italian multiple sclerosis patients.

We amplified sequences of the Chlamydia pneumoniae (CP) major-outer membrane protein in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from 23 of 107 (21.5%) relapsing-remitting or secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and two of 77 (2.6%) patients with other neurological diseases (OND) (P = 0.00022). CP+ patients showed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) evidence of more active disease (P = 0.02) compared to CP- MS patients and tended to have an anticipation of age at disease onset (32.3 +/- 12 versus 28.5 +/- 10 years; P = ns) causing a longer disease duration (7.5 +/- 5 versus 4.4 +/- 4 years…

Autoimmune optic neuropathy with anticardiolipin antibody mimicking multiple sclerosis in a child.

PURPOSE: To demonstrate that autoimmune optic neuropathy (AON) may occur in the pediatric population. DESIGN: Interventional case report. METHODS: A 4-year-old developed four episodes of bilateral optic neuritis with mild concurrent weakness, ataxia, or dizziness; one episode of unilateral optic neuritis; and one episode of weakness over a period of 4 years. RESULTS: Autoimmune optic neuropathy was diagnosed because of the presence of anticardiolipin antibody and an abnormal skin biopsy with thrombin and immunoreactant deposition. She was treated with corticosteroids, aspirin, and gammaglob

Заболеваемость аутоиммунной щитовидной железы и неиммунной щитовидной болезнью при множественном склерозе.

Поскольку множественный склероз (MS) и аутоиммунный щитовид (AIT) предположительно имеют аутоиммунное происхождение, корреляция между ними two Особый интерес представляют заболевания. Цель этого исследования заключалась в том, чтобы определить, существуют ли различия в распространенности заболеваний щитовидной железы с уделением особого внимания МТА по сравнению с МЗ и обычными предметами и связано ли наличие заболеваний щитовидной железы с инвалидностью, болезнями, возрастом и продолжительностью болезни. 353 последовательные пациенты с клинически определенным MS, без интерферон-бетового лечен

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Since multiple sclerosis (MS) and autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) are presumed to be of autoimmune origin the correlation of these two diseases is of special interest. The aim of this study was to determine whether there are differences in the prevalence of thyroid disease with special emphasis on AIT compared with MS and normal subjects and whether the presenc…

[A case of multiple sclerosis with pathological laughing caused by pontine base lesions].

We report a case of multiple sclerosis (MS) with pathological laughing for which lesions in pontine bases are considered to be responsible. A 30-year-old man was diagnosed as having MS based on left hemiparesis, and pathological laughing, and MRI findings showing a plaque in the right pontine base as well as several plaques in the bilateral periventricular deep white matter. After remission for 6 years, his pathological laughing exacerbated in association with development of right hemiparesis. A new lesion in the left pontine base was demonstrated by MRI studies in addition to a few supratento…

Gamma knife radiosurgery for treatment of trigeminal neuralgia in multiple sclerosis patients.

BACKGROUND: Trigeminal neuralgia is a paroxysmal pain syndrome commonly associated with multiple sclerosis. While gamma knife radiosurgery has been shown to be an effective treatment for most cases of trigeminal neuralgia, it is considered to be less efficacious in patients with multiple sclerosis and less viable as a treatment option. METHODS: Seven patients with multiple-sclerosis-associated trigeminal neuralgia were identified from 50 consecutive patients treated for trigeminal neuralgia at the Memorial-Hermann Gamma Knife Radiosurgery Center. A Leksell gamma knife was used to deliver 80 o…

[The effect of cerebrospinal fluid on neurone culture: implications in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis].

In vitro studies have shown that the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with multiple sclerosis transports compounds which may affect the function or viability of central nervous system cell function. The presence of nerve ion channel blockers and other molecules, as yet unidentified, which may cause the death of nerve cells or oligodendrocytes has been shown, although their relevance and clinical correlation is still not clear. If their usefulness is proved, these methods may be useful in the search for inhibitors of the noxious effects of the substances mentioned.

Modafinil in treatment of fatigue in multiple sclerosis. Results of an open-label study.

BACKGROUND: Modafinil is a unique wake-promoting agent that is chemically distinct from traditional stimulants. Results of a placebo-controlled study showed it to improve fatigue in multiple sclerosis (MS) at a dose of 200 mg daily, but not at a dose of 400 mg daily. OBJECTIVE: To establish the efficacy, safety and appropriate dose of modafinil in the treatment of fatigue and sleepiness in patients with multiple sclerosis. METHOD: A total of 50 patients diagnosed with MS (mean age 40.4 +/- 10.3 years, 30 females/20 males; MS type: 36 relapsing remitting, 1 primary progressive, 13 secondary p…

The roles of blink reflex and sympathetic skin response in multiple sclerosis diagnosis.

The neurological history and examination are important in multiple sclerosis (MS) diagnosis, but early and accurate diagnosis of MS often requires judicious use of paraclinical information. Electrophysiologic techniques have an important role in demonstrating lesions that are clincally silent but magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is accepted as the most sensitive paraclincal test for detecting asymptomatic dissemination in space for MS patients. In order to test the sensitivity of electrophysiologic techniques in diagnosing asymptomatic MS lesions, we performed blink reflex (BR) and sympathetic…

Panniculitis after subcutaneous injection of interferon beta in a multiple sclerosis patient.

BACKGROUND: Interferons are used in the immune therapy of multiple sclerosis, Kaposi's sarcoma, hepatitis and melanoma based on their antiviral, immunoregulatory and antitumor activities. We report a rare side effect observed during treatment of multiple sclerosis with subcutaneous interferon beta injections. OBSERVATIONS: A 44-year-old patient diagnosed with multiple sclerosis received immune therapy with 6 Mio IU recombinant interferon-beta (IFN-beta) every other day. After 4 years of subcutaneous interferon injections painful indurations appeared directly at and adjacent to the injection s…

Varicella, ephemeral breastfeeding and eczema as risk factors for multiple sclerosis in Mexicans.

OBJECTIVE: It has been suggested that the incidence of multiple sclerosis (MS) in Mexico and other countries of Latin America has increased steadily for the last two decades. We made a thorough search of antecedents on MS patients that could be potential risk factors. METHODS: A case-control study was conducted using a questionnaire that included demographic, nutritional, infectious and personal antecedents previously identified in other reports as possible risk factors for MS. RESULTS: The frequency of varicella, ephemeral breastfeeding and eczema in the medical history of MS patients were …

Depression and anxiety in multiple sclerosis. A clinical and MRI study in 95 subjects.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between involvement of specific areas of the brain and the occurrence of depression and anxiety in patients with multiple sclerosis. We studied 95 patients (62 women and 33 men, mean age 39.5 years, SD 11.2) with definite MS, 97 patients (65 women and 32 men, mean age 40.7, SD 11.9) suffering from chronic rheumatoid diseases and 110 healthy subjects (71 women and 39 men, mean age 40.1, SD 12.7). The disability, the independence, the cognitive performances, the depressive and anxiety symptoms were assessed. The diagnosis of major …

[Multiple sclerosis in the year 2000: advances in the treatment with interferon beta-1b].

The decline of millennium brings forward new challenges in therapeutic immunomodulation of relapsing-remittent multiple sclerosis (RR MS). Interferon beta-1b (Betaferon) belongs to expanding family of soluble cytokines which are capable to modify beneficially cellular immunity in RR MS. IFN beta-1b is indicated for young or middle-aged, ambulant patients with RR MS who have frequent relapses, "aggressive" brain lesions in magnetic resonance imaging and higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Betaferon reduced in people with RR MS mean annual rate and severity of relapses (34% and 49%) and…

[Case study of 199 patients with multiple sclerosis: the use of EDMUS program].

European Database Multiple Sclerosis (EDMUS) is a standardized tool which allows the collection of clinical, biological, radiological and therapeutic data on multiple sclerosis (MS). A descriptive analysis of 199 patients was done using EDMUS (version 2.2). Most data agreed with previous published results, except a low 0.4 sex ratio. At the beginning of MS, 42 p. 100 of MS patients developed pyramidal and sensory involvements and 14 p. 100 retrobulbar optic neuritis. Optic neuritis was the most frequent initial symptom of relapsing-remitting MS (25.9 p. 100) but not in the chronic progressive …

[The role of serum 'adhesive factor' and leukocyte sensitization in pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis].

The reactivity to the myelin basic protein, brain gangliosides purified derivative and also the influence of the serum on the cells adherence were determined by micromodification of the leukocyte adherence inhibition (LAI) test. 46 multiple sclerosis patients, 21 patients with hereditary disease and 41 donors were examined. The cellular sensitization to the myelin basic protein and brain gangliosides was revealed in 57% of the multiple sclerosis patients. The leukocyte adherence was increase in 53.5% patients when autologous serum was added. The adherence factor was most often found (90% case)…

[Retrobulbar optic neuropathy in multiple sclerosis in remission only with parenteral treatment].

The authors are presenting a case diagnosed with retrobulbar neuritis in the left eye secondary to multiple sclerosis. The symptoms submitted only under infusions with corticosteroids. Despite the lack of methylprednisolone, hydrocortisone was used successfully. This case supports the efficiency of intravenous treatment of optic neuritis as modern therapy in neuro-ophthalmology.

Relationship of the antispasticity effect of tizanidine to plasma concentration in patients with multiple sclerosis.

BACKGROUND: Spasticity is a serious problem in multiple sclerosis (MS) and many patients do not achieve a satisfactory response to currently available oral antispasticity drugs. Tizanidine hydrochloride, an alpha 2-noradrenergic agonist, has been shown to have an antispasticity effect in single center trials of patients with MS. OBJECTIVE: To compare plasma concentrations of tizanidine with objective measures of muscle tone in patients with MS with moderate to severe spasticity. SETTING: Ten centers, all tertiary referral centers for the specialized treatment of patients with MS, in the Unit…