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Calcium Signalling in Breast Cancer Associated Bone Pain.

Calcium (Ca2+) is involved as a signalling mediator in a broad variety of physiological processes. Some of the fastest responses in human body like neuronal action potential firing, to the slowest gene transcriptional regulation processes are controlled by pathways involving calcium signalling. Under pathological conditions these mechanisms are also involved in tumoral cells reprogramming, resulting in the altered expression of genes associated with cell proliferation, metastatisation and homing to the secondary metastatic site. On the other hand, calcium exerts a central function in nocicepti

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… However, Orai1 knockdown in MCF-7 cells has also been shown to drastically reduce SOCE in MCF-7 cells [ 42 ]. … Its been proven to promote cellular proliferation also in a non-tumorigenic breast cell line probably through Orai1-mediated calcium influx activation [ 36 ] and SPCA2 silencing reduces MCF-7 cells proliferation in-vitro and in-vivo. …

Understanding cachexia and muscle dysfunction in the context of metastatic breast cancer.

Cancer cachexia significantly impacts the quality of life of cancer patients, predicting therapy response and survival. Cachexia prevalence and severity increases over the course of disease progression, affecting up to 80% of patients with metastatic cancer. Despite this, cachexia is relatively understudied in the context of metastatic breast cancer, despite it affecting a significant proportion of patients with this common cancer. In this review we highlight the relative prevalence of cachexia in breast cancer, with 25% of all patients and up to half of those with metastatic disease impacted.

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… As summarized in Table 3 , mice engrafted orthotopically with MCF-7 cells develop only 5% body mass loss, with no reported lean or fat mass loss [ 55 ]. Engraftment of 4T1 cells into mice induces significant fat mass loss (Table 3 ), and between 22–38% muscle mass loss [ 146 , 147 ] (Table 3 ). …

Apoptotic Pathway as the Therapeutic Target for Anticancer Traditional Chinese Medicines.

Cancer is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Apoptosis is a process of programmed cell death and it plays a vital role in human development and tissue homeostasis. Mounting evidence indicates that apoptosis is closely related to the survival of cancer and it has emerged as a key target for the discovery and development of novel anticancer drugs. Various studies indicate that targeting the apoptotic signaling pathway by anticancer drugs is an important mechanism in cancer therapy. Therefore, numerous novel anticancer agents have been discovered and developed from traditional

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… Furthermore, T. robiniophila Murr. also could sensitize radiotherapy against breast cancer MDA-MB-468 and MCF-7 cells ( Ding et al., 2016 ). … -7 cells. …

Research Progress on Chinese Herbal Medicine Components Targeting Ferroptosis for Cancer Therapy.

Recent studies indicate that ferroptosis shows unique advantages in oncotherapy, particularly in reversing multidrug resistance (MDR). Despite current therapeutic advancements, the treatment of high-incidence malignancies with dismal prognoses continues to face challenges, including limited clinical efficacy, significant side effects, and drug resistance. In recent years, Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) has gained increasing attention in anti-tumor therapy. CHM bioactive components are highly effective in inducing tumor cell ferroptosis, inhibiting tumor proliferation and migration, and reversin

Fucoidan Structure and Activity in Relation to Anti-Cancer Mechanisms.

Fucoidan is a natural derived compound found in different species of brown algae and in some animals, that has gained attention for its anticancer properties. However, the exact mechanism of action is currently unknown. Therefore, this review will address fucoidans structure, the bioavailability, and all known different pathways affected by fucoidan, in order to formulate fucoidans structure and activity in relation to its anti-cancer mechanisms. The general bioactivity of fucoidan is difficult to establish due to factors like species-related structural diversity, growth conditions, and the ex

Molecular Diversity of Lupane Hybrids in Drug Design and Materials Science.

The need for new, more effective drugs to treat cancer, infectious diseases, various parasitic infestations, and metabolic disorders requires innovative approaches to the design of promising molecules. One of these areas is the creation of hybrid structures. Lupane triterpenoids are of significant interest for such research due to their high abundance in natural sources and their renewable nature, their molecular architecture, presence of several easily modifiable functional groups, enantiomeric purity, broad spectrum of biological activity, and low toxicity. Active research into the biologica

Developments in nanotechnology approaches for the treatment of solid tumors.

Nanotechnology has revolutionized cancer therapy by introducing advanced drug delivery systems that enhance therapeutic efficacy while reducing adverse effects. By leveraging various nanoparticle platforms-including liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, and inorganic nanoparticles-researchers have improved drug solubility, stability, and bioavailability. Additionally, new nanodevices are being engineered to respond to specific physiological conditions like temperature and pH variations, enabling controlled drug release and optimizing therapeutic outcomes. Beyond drug delivery, nanotechnology pla

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… Targeted proliferating cancer cells (via SN38) and therapy-resistant cancer stem cells (via salinomycin), improving survival and reducing systemic toxicity Khan and Sahu, 2020 [ 227 ] | Breast cancer (MCF-7 cells) | Polyethylene glycol-diamine functionalized mesoporous SPION | • SPIONs prepared via a … solvothermal method • Folic acid (FA) attached for targeting via carbodiimide chemistry | • High drug-loading efficiency (~ 96%) due to mesoporous structure • NPs achieved hyperthermic temperature of 43 °C within 223 s under alternating magnetic field • Non-appreciable toxicity in MCF-7 cells until …

Cold Atmospheric Pressure Plasma (CAP) as a New Tool for the Management of Vulva Cancer and Vulvar Premalignant Lesions in Gynaecological Oncology.

Vulvar cancer (VC) is a specific form of malignancy accounting for 5-6% of all gynaecologic malignancies. Although VC occurs most commonly in women after 60 years of age, disease incidence has risen progressively in premenopausal women in recent decades. VC demonstrates particular features requiring well-adapted therapeutic approaches to avoid potential treatment-related complications. Significant improvements in disease-free survival and overall survival rates for patients diagnosed with post-stage I disease have been achieved by implementing a combination therapy consisting of radical surgic

Natural Products/Bioactive Compounds as a Source of Anticancer Drugs.

Cancer is one of the major deadly diseases globally. The alarming rise in the mortality rate due to this disease attracks attention towards discovering potent anticancer agents to overcome its mortality rate. The discovery of novel and effective anticancer agents from natural sources has been the main point of interest in pharmaceutical research because of attractive natural therapeutic agents with an immense chemical diversity in species of animals, plants, and microorganisms. More than 60% of contemporary anticancer drugs, in one form or another, have originated from natural sources. Plants

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… -7 cells [ 102 ]. … The anticancer activity of the ergosterol using an MTT assay was identified against MCF-7 cells. The outcomes showed significant anticancer activity with an IC50 of 43.10 µg/mL by inhibiting the cell cycle and inducing apoptosis [ 173 ]. …

Curcumin Rewires the Tumor Metabolic Landscape: Mechanisms and Clinical Prospects.

Metabolic reprogramming is a fundamental hallmark and a key driver of malignant tumors. By reshaping glucose, lipid, and amino acid metabolism, as well as mitochondrial function, it sustains the abnormal proliferation and survival of tumor cells, making it a crucial target for anti-tumor therapy. Curcumin, a natural multi-target compound, exhibits unique advantages in intervening in tumor metabolic reprogramming due to its low toxicity and broad-spectrum regulatory properties. In various tumor models, it can directly modulate the activity of key glycolytic enzymes, such as hexokinase 2, lactat

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… In MDA-MB-453/MCF-7 cells, curcumin promoted glutamine uptake by upregulating solute carrier family 1 member 5 (SLC1A5), synergistically inhibiting FTH and GPx4 expression, and activating ACSL4 and NADPH oxidase 1 (Nox1), which drove the accumulation of lipid ROS, MDA, and Fe 2+ . …

β-caryophyllene and β-caryophyllene oxide-natural compounds of anticancer and analgesic properties.

Natural bicyclic sesquiterpenes, β-caryophyllene (BCP) and β-caryophyllene oxide (BCPO), are present in a large number of plants worldwide. Both BCP and BCPO (BCP(O)) possess significant anticancer activities, affecting growth and proliferation of numerous cancer cells. Nevertheless, their antineoplastic effects have hardly been investigated in vivo. In addition, both compounds potentiate the classical drug efficacy by augmenting their concentrations inside the cells. The mechanisms underlying the anticancer activities of these sesquiterpenes are poorly described. BCP is a phytocannabinoid wit

From HDAC to Voltage-Gated Ion Channels: What's Next? The Long Road of Antiepileptic Drugs Repositioning in Cancer.

Cancer is a major health burden worldwide. Although the plethora of molecular targets identified in the last decades and the deriving developed treatments, which significantly improved patients' outcome, the occurrence of resistance to therapies remains the major cause of relapse and mortality. Thus, efforts in identifying new markers to be exploited as molecular targets in cancer therapy are needed. This review will first give a glance on the diagnostic and therapeutic significance of histone deacetylase (HDAC) and voltage gated ion channels (VGICs) in cancer. Nevertheless, HDAC and VGICs hav

The metabolites from traditional Chinese medicine targeting ferroptosis for cancer therapy.

Cancer is a major disease with ever-increasing morbidity and mortality. The metabolites derived from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) have played a significant role in combating cancers with curative efficacy and unique advantages. Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent programmed death characterized by the accumulation of lipid peroxide, stands out from the conventional forms of cell death, such as apoptosis, pyroptosis, necrosis, and autophagy. Recent evidence has demonstrated the potential of TCM metabolites targeting ferroptosis for cancer therapy. We collected and screened related articles publ

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… -7 cells (5 μM and 10 μM) | Decreased E3 ubiquitin ligase NEDD4 expression | Xie et al. (2021) Gambogenic acid (treated with 5 ng/mL) | | Melanoma | A375 and A2058 cells (1 μM, 2 μM, and 4 μM) | Activated p53/SLC7A11/GPX4 pathway | Wang et al. (2020) Ginkgetin (treated with cisplatin) | | Non-small … Similarity, PL selectively killed human breast cancer MCF-7 cells instead of human MCF-10A breast epithelial cells. Mechanically, PL directly interacted with Kelch-like ECH-associated protein-1 (Keap1), which resulted in Nrf-2-mediated HO-1 expression ( Lee et al., 2015 ). …

Current Perspectives of the Applications of Polyphenols and Flavonoids in Cancer Therapy.

The development of anticancer therapies that involve natural drugs has undergone exponential growth in recent years. Among the natural compounds that produce beneficial effects on human health, polyphenols have shown potential therapeutic applications in cancer due to their protective functions in plants, their use as food additives, and their excellent antioxidant properties. The possibility of combining conventional drugs-which are usually more aggressive than natural compounds-with polyphenols offers very valuable advantages such as the building of more efficient anticancer therapies with l

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… Ellagic acid induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis through TGF-β/Smad3 signaling pathway in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells. Int. J. Oncol. 2015;46:1730–1738. doi: 10.3892/ijo.2015.2870. 146. Jaman M.S., Aby Sayeed M. …

Anti-Cancer Potential of Cannabinoids, Terpenes, and Flavonoids Present in Cannabis.

In recent years, and even more since its legalization in several jurisdictions, cannabis and the endocannabinoid system have received an increasing amount of interest related to their potential exploitation in clinical settings. Cannabinoids have been suggested and shown to be effective in the treatment of various conditions. In cancer, the endocannabinoid system is altered in numerous types of tumours and can relate to cancer prognosis and disease outcome. Additionally, cannabinoids display anticancer effects in several models by suppressing the proliferation, migration and/or invasion of can

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… THC exposure antagonized 17β-estradiol-induced proliferation, and did not act on androgen or estrogen receptors in MCF-7 cells [ 33 ]. … Treatment of MCF-7 cells using the leaf oil at 100 μg/mL induced cell death and acted synergistically with tamoxifen [ 302 ]. …

Immune infiltration related PRDX4 facilitates the malignant features and drug resistance of breast cancer.

The incidence of breast cancer continues to increase annually, posing a significant challenge for countries worldwide in terms of its prevention and treatment. Therefore, identifying novel therapeutic targets for breast cancer is urgently needed. The peroxiredoxin (PRDX) family is regarded as a good diagnostic marker for various tumors. However, the expression and prognostic significance of PRDX family members in breast cancer remain unclear and require systematic investigation. By using bioinformatic tools such as UALCAN, TIMER2.0, Human Protein Atlas Project (HPA), Gene Set Cancer Analysis (

Functional genomics for breast cancer drug target discovery.

Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease that develops through a multistep process via the accumulation of genetic/epigenetic alterations in various cancer-related genes. Current treatment options for breast cancer patients include surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy including conventional cytotoxic and molecular-targeted anticancer drugs for each intrinsic subtype, such as endocrine therapy and antihuman epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) therapy. However, these therapies often fail to prevent recurrence and metastasis due to resistance. Overall, understanding the molecular mechani

Targeting the AMP-Activated Protein Kinase for Cancer Prevention and Therapy.

Despite the advances in biomedical research and clinical applications, cancer remains a leading cause of death worldwide. Given the limitations of conventional chemotherapeutics, including serious toxicities and reduced quality of life for patients, the development of safe and efficacious alternatives with known mechanism of action is much needed. Prevention of cancer through dietary intervention may hold promise and has been investigated extensively in the recent years. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an energy sensor that plays a key role in the regulation of protein and lipid metabol

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… In another study, stimulation of AMPK by curcumin resulted in the downregulation of PPAR (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor)-g in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and a decrease in COX-2 in MCF-7 cells ( 65 ). … J Chemother ( 2005 ) 17 : 297 – 301 16041863 10.1179/joc.2005.17.3.297 93 Kim JH Lee JO Lee SK Kim N You GY Moon JW Celastrol suppresses breast cancer MCF-7 cell viability via the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-induced p53-polo like kinase 2 (PLK-2) pathway . …

ER-mitochondria tethering and its signaling: A novel therapeutic target in breast cancer.

Communication between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria through mitochondria-associated ER membranes (MAMs) is assisted by tethering proteins and signaling pathways, manifesting the dynamic exchange of lipids, calcium, and signaling molecules. However, dysregulation of tethering and signaling proteins contributes to the progression of breast cancer (BC). Abnormal MAM structures and altered ER-mitochondrial tethering impair mitochondrial functions and thereby drive BC progression. Altered mitochondrial dynamics, often characterized by dysregulated dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1)

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… MID49 and MIEF1 inhibit Drp-1 and the Akt-mTOR-p70S6K pathway to stimulate apoptosis in MCF-7 cells. 48 The phosphorylation site of Drp-1 determines its coupling with pro-fission adaptor proteins. … Overexpression of Mfn2 also sensitizes MCF-7 cells to camptothecin. 59 Purohit et al. reported that miR-195 negatively modulates mitochondrial fusion in BC cells by binding to the UTR region of Mfn2 ( Figure 2 D). 60 The fusion mechanism of mitochondria is negatively regulated by mitochondrial fission …

Parasites revive hope for cancer therapy.

Parasites have attained a life-long stigma of being detrimental organisms with deleterious outcomes. Yet, recently, a creditable twist was verified that can dramatically change our perception of those parasites from being a source of misery to millions of people to a useful anti-cancerous tool. Various parasites have shown promise to combat cancer in different experimental models, including colorectal, lung, and breast cancers, among others. Helminths and protozoan parasites, as well as their derivatives such as Echinococcus granulosus protein KI-1, Toxoplasma gondii GRA15II, and Trypanosoma c