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Dietary fungi in cancer immunotherapy: From the perspective of gut microbiota.

Immunotherapies are recently emerged as a new strategy in treating various kinds of cancers which are insensitive to standard therapies, while the clinical application of immunotherapy is largely compromised by the low efficiency and serious side effects. Gut microbiota has been shown critical for the development of different cancer types, and the potential of gut microbiota manipulation through direct implantation or antibiotic-based depletion in regulating the overall efficacy of cancer immunotherapies has also been evaluated. However, the role of dietary supplementations, especially fungal

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… In contrast to that, the high intake of simple sugar instead of fiber resulted in a substantial outgrowth of Bacteroides ( 97 ). Vegetarian diets do not contain any meat or fish while rich in carbohydrates and fiber. … One study reported that Lentinula edodes by-products (LESDF-3) could promote the production of Bacteroides , indicating the importance of LESDF on the regulation of gut microbiota ( 104 ). …

Помимо потери веса: изучение неврологических последствий изменённой микробиоты кишечника послекариатрической хирургии.

В настоящем обзоре обсуждаются результаты, связанные с неврологическими расстройствами, кишечной микробиотой и бариатрической хирургией, с уделением особого внимания нейротрансмиттерам, нейроэндокрину, патофизиологии бактерий, способствующих возникновению нарушений, и возможным терапевтическим вмешательствам. Исследования в области нейротрансмиттеров показывают, что их уровни сильно зависят от кишечного микробиота, которая может связать их с такими неврологическими расстройствами, как болезнь Альцгеймера, болезнь Паркинсона, множественный склероз, депрессия и расстройства спектра аутизма. Пато

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… Interestingly, a recent study on mice found that administering a gavage rich with Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron was associated with decreased levels of circulating glutamate [ 135 ]. … Comparing this to bariatric surgery, RYGB was shown to increase the Bacteroides population while decreasing the Lactobacillus population, as seen in Table  1 [ 29 , 223 ]. …

Иммунотерапия при помощи модуляции кишечного микробиота в множестве склерозов и ассоциации с диетологической и клинической реакцией - эффект диметилфуматовой терапии.

СПРАВОЧНАЯ ИНФОРМАЦИЯ: Накопление данных подтверждает ту роль, которую микробиота играет в здравоохранении и болезнях, в том числе в многократном склерозе (МС). Как наркотики MS влияют на микробиоту и является ли это частью их способа действия, пока неизвестно. ЦЕЛИ: Оценка воздействия диметилфумарата (ДМП) на кишечник микробиота и того, связана ли микробиота с клинической реакцией или неблагоприятными явлениями (АЭ) с ДМФ или с диетой. DESIGN: когортное исследование наблюдений, в котором микробиота 45 больные с повторной эмиссией MS до начала работы DMF и после этого 6 месяцев психотерапии ДМ

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… K4410.MGS-306 and Bacteroides uniformis CL03T12C37 , and the genus Megamonas were significant by both statistical methods, thus being the most robust results. … Interestingly, the Barnesiellaceae and the Bacteroidaceae families and the Bacteroides genus correlated positively with Vitamin D levels in PwMS at baseline ( R s  = 0.32, p  = 0.03; R s  = 0.3, p  = 0.048; and R s  = 0.3, p  = 0.048, respectively). …

Adjuvant A-PRF Application in Patients with Various Stages of Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw (MRONJ): Case Series.

Background and Clinical Significance: Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is a severe complication of antiresorptive therapies such as Zolendronic acid, used for bone metastases. Its management remains challenging, with outcomes often unpredictable. Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), rich in growth factors, has been proposed as a potential adjunct to surgical treatment, aiming to promote tissue regeneration and improve patient outcomes. Case Presentation: We reported three clinical cases of MRONJ in patients previously treated with Zolendronic acid. All patients underwent surgical seq

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… In the third case, a mixed anaerobic flora was again identified: S. constellatus , Actinomyces odontolyticus , Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron , and Prevotella nigrescens . … Microbiological examination showed the prevailing microflora ( Str. constellatus , Str. anginosus , Parvimonas micra , Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron ). Complex treatment, as well as the use of A-PRF, was analyzed. …

The Gut Microbiota in Hematologic Malignancies: Mechanisms, Clinical Associations, and Translational Opportunities.

Hematologic malignancies arise and progress within a systemic ecosystem in which the gut microbiota is an increasingly recognized, partially modifiable component. Across acute leukemias, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, plasma cell disorders, lymphomas, and clonal myeloid neoplasms, human studies consistently report reduced microbial diversity, depletion of barrier-supportive, short-chain fatty acid-producing commensals, and enrichment of Gram-negative, pro-inflammatory, or hospital-adapted taxa. These alterations are associated with pre-leukemic clonal expansion, adverse genetic and immunologica

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… Additional microbial products, such as polysaccharide A from Bacteroides fragilis , have been shown to promote immune tolerance through Treg-skewing pathways [ 18 ], while innate lymphoid cells are similarly influenced by microbial signals [ 19 ]. … Notably, the association of Bacteroides fragilis and inosine pathways with CAR T-cell efficacy, and of SCFA producers with reduced toxicity, mirrors findings from solid-tumor immunotherapy and suggests convergent microbiome–immunotherapy interactions across oncology. 3.5. …

Mechanisms of Cancer Resistance to Immunotherapy.

Over the last decade, based on the extensive development of preclinical animal studies and clinical trials, the efficacy, and mechanisms of immunotherapy have been fully explored. Significant and lasting clinical responses with immunotherapy provide a new breakthrough treatment for a variety of refractory cancer histologies, which gradually change the treatment pattern of tumors. However, although immune checkpoint inhibitor drugs are promising for achieving longer-term efficacy, their benefits in the overall population are still very low, such as low frequency of response in some common tumor

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… The responses of T cells after treatment with ICIs are associated with Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron and Bacteroides fragilis in the intestine. … Transplantation of fecal microbiota from these patients into germ-free tumor-bearing mice revealed that mice enriched with immunogenic Bacteroides species restored the efficacy of CTLA-4 inhibitor, whereas mice enriched with tolerogenic Bacteroides species are completely resistance to the monoclonal …

Targeting the gut microbiota to enhance the antitumor efficacy and attenuate the toxicity of CAR-T cell therapy: a new hope?

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) -T cell therapy has achieved tremendous efficacy in the treatment of hematologic malignancies and represents a promising treatment regimen for cancer. Despite the striking response in patients with hematologic malignancies, most patients with solid tumors treated with CAR-T cells have a low response rate and experience major adverse effects, which indicates the need for biomarkers that can predict and improve clinical outcomes with future CAR-T cell treatments. Recently, the role of the gut microbiota in cancer therapy has been established, and growing evidence

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… The gut microbiota, which includes Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron , Bacteroides fragilis and Burkholderia cepacia , was suggested to be associated with the antitumor efficacy and toxicity of anti-CTLA-4 inhibitors. … After oral administration of Bacteroides spp., the antitumor efficacy of the anti-CTLA-4 inhibitor was restored, with an increase in intratumoral mature DCs and an increase in the Th1 response in tumor-draining lymph nodes. …

New Insights into the Relationship between Gut Microbiota and Radiotherapy for Cancer.

Cancer is the second most common cause of death among humans in the world, and the threat that it presents to human health is becoming more and more serious. The mechanisms of cancer development have not yet been fully elucidated, and new therapies are changing with each passing day. Evidence from the literature has validated the finding that the composition and modification of gut microbiota play an important role in the development of many different types of cancer. The results also demonstrate that there is a bidirectional interaction between the gut microbiota and radiotherapy treatments f

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… Bile acids in the human colon can be converted into deoxycholic acid and lithotomic acid under the action of intestinal microorganisms such as Bacteroides intestinalis , Bacteroides fragilis , and E. coli . … Correlation analysis determined the relationship between trabecular bone parameters and Bacteroides massiliensis , Muribaculum sp., and Prevotella denticola . …

Гут Микробиота и аутоиммунные заболевания: терапевтический потенциал пробиотики.

В последние годы все большее внимание уделяется роли кишечного микробиота в патогенезе аутоиммунных заболеваний, таких, как тип 1 диабет (T1D), ревматоидный артрит (RA) и множественный склероз (MS). Многочисленные исследования показали, что кишечный дисбиоз-несбалансированность кишечного микробного сообщества может повлиять на иммунную реакцию хост-компании путем модуляции подстрекательских путей, целостности кишечного барьера и функции иммунных клеток. Пациенты с T1D, RA и MS часто имеют меньшее количество противовоспалительных бактерий (например, Feecalibacterium prausnitzii) и слишком много

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… Patients with T1D exhibit an abnormal composition of gut microbiota, including a reduced Firmicutes to Bacteroides ratio and decreased microbial diversity. These changes are observed both in children with diabetes and in individuals with autoantibodies [ 40 ]. … Administration of Clostridium butyricum increased the Firmicutes to Bacteroides ratio and the number of butyrate-producing bacteria, leading to a decreased frequency of diabetes [ 47 ]. …

A Literature Review on the Impact of the Gut Microbiome on Cancer Treatment Efficacy, Disease Evolution and Toxicity: The Implications for Hematological Malignancies.

The gut microbiome plays a crucial role in modulating the efficacy and toxicity of cancer therapies, particularly in hematological malignancies. This review examines the dynamic interplay between gut microbiota and cancer treatments, such as chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Disruptions in the gut microbiome, known as dysbiosis, are associated with adverse effects like gastrointestinal toxicity, neutropenia and cardiotoxicity during chemotherapy. Conversely, the supplementation of probiotics has shown potential in mitigating these side effects by

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… Studies have identified a link between chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and an increased Bacteroides/Firmicutes ratio, along with reduced bacterial diversity in the gut microbiota. … It was concluded that patients with a higher abundance of Firmicutes , Tenericutes and Verrucomicrobia experienced fewer side effects compared to those with a greater abundance of Bacteroides during therapy [ 46 ] ( Figure 2 ). …

Human microbiomes in cancer development and therapy.

Colonies formed by bacteria, archaea, fungi, and viral groups and their genomes, metabolites, and expressed proteins constitute complex human microbiomes. An increasing evidences showed that carcinogenesis and disease progression were link to microbiomes. Different organ sources, their microbial species, and their metabolites are different; the mechanisms of carcinogenic or procancerous are also different. Here, we summarize how microbiomes contribute to carcinogenesis and disease progression in cancers of the skin, mouth, esophagus, lung, gastrointestinal, genital, blood, and lymph malignancy

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… There are four bacteria that are associated with CRC: Bacteroides fragilis, Escherichia coli , Enterococcus faecalis , and Streptococcus gallolyticus . … Antibiotics , porphyrin , dialysis bacteria , Ruminococcus , anaerobic bacteria , Treponema , Bacteroides , and Spirospira were found to be significantly enriched in tumors. …

Терапия клеток CAR-T и модуляция микробиоты в мультислерозе: новые терапевтические стратегии и текущие ограничения.

Множественный склероз (MS) — хроническое аутоиммунное воспалительное заболевание центральной нервной системы (CNS), характеризующееся разрушением миелиновой оболочки вокруг нервных клеток. Широкое распространение и серьезные последствия НР свидетельствуют о недостатках существующих методов лечения и о важности разработки новаторских терапевтических подходов. На основе успешных экспериментальных исследований среди пациентов и экспериментальной модели мышью аутоиммунного энцефаломиелита (EAE) клетки CAR-T предлагают новый терапевтический механизм путем непосредственной адресации и ликвидации кле

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… For example, OMVs produced by Bacteroides fragilis are recognized by DCs via TLR2, leading to an increase in the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines and the number of Tregs [ 112 ]. … Available data suggest that the gut microbiota, including the genera Bacteroides , Prevotella and Ruminococcus , align with differences in microbial metabolic capacity for BA transformation [ 135 ]. …

Гут Микробиота как ключевой модулятор хронических заболеваний: последствия для диабета, автономного иммунитета и рака.

Кишечная микробиота (ГМ) представляет собой сложную, динамичную и сложную экосистему. Она играет ключевую роль в области здравоохранения и болезней. ГМ взаимодействует с принимающей стороной и модифицирует различные физиологические функции, включая метаболизм, иммунное регулирование и неврологическую функцию. В настоящем описательном обзоре всесторонне анализируется роль ГМ в развитии и развитии three Основные хронические заболевания, а именно диабет, аутоиммунные расстройства и рак. Используя структурированную стратегию поиска литературы в таких базах данных, как Google Scientist, PubMed, Sco

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… A consistent finding in diabetic patients is the microbial imbalance between Bacteroides and Firmicutes species, which contributes to insulin resistance.  Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Roseburia hominis are known for their beneficial effects on gut health and metabolism. … Table 3 Gut microbiota-associated alterations and their roles in gastrointestinal cancers In CRC, pro-carcinogenic species such as Fusobacterium nucleatum , Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF), and Escherichia coli promote tumorigenesis through inflammation, immune modulation, and DNA damage …

The Role of the Gut Microbiome in Pathogenesis, Biology, and Treatment of Plasma Cell Dyscrasias.

In response to emerging discoveries, questions are mounting as to what factors are responsible for the progression of plasma cell dyscrasias and what determines responsiveness to treatment in individual patients. Recent findings have shown close interaction between the gut microbiota and multiple myeloma cells. For instance, that malignant cells shape the composition of the gut microbiota. We discuss the role of the gut microbiota in (i) the development and progression of plasma cell dyscrasias, and (ii) the response to treatment of multiple myeloma and highlight faecal microbiota transplantat

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… Polysaccharide A produced by Bacteroides fragilis binds to TLR2/TLR1 (Toll-like receptor) heterodimer connected with Dectin-1 ( 15 ). … Finally, the secretion of polysaccharide A by Bacteroides fragilis leads to the differentiation of Treg cells and influences the balance between Th1 and Th2 populations. …

Genome-wide association study of periodontal pathogen colonization.

Pathological shifts of the human microbiome are characteristic of many diseases, including chronic periodontitis. To date, there is limited evidence on host genetic risk loci associated with periodontal pathogen colonization. We conducted a genome-wide association (GWA) study among 1,020 white participants of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study, whose periodontal diagnosis ranged from healthy to severe chronic periodontitis, and for whom "checkerboard" DNA-DNA hybridization quantification of 8 periodontal pathogens was performed. We examined 3 traits: "high red" and "high orange" bac

Pharmacomicrobiomics in Anticancer Therapies: Why the Gut Microbiota Should Be Pointed Out.

Anticancer treatments have shown a variable therapeutic outcome that may be partly attributable to the activity of the gut microbiota on the pathology and/or therapies. In recent years, microbiota-drug interactions have been extensively investigated, but most of the underlying molecular mechanisms still remain unclear. In this review, we discuss the relationship between the gut microbiota and some of the most commonly used drugs in oncological diseases. Different strategies for manipulating the gut microbiota layout (i.e., prebiotics, probiotics, antibiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantati

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… As regards anti-CTLA-4 therapy, oral administration of Bacteroides fragilis , combined with Burkholderia cepacia or Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, has been shown to promote a TH1-mediated immune response and intratumoral maturation of dendritic cells in mice, thus favoring a better anticancer immune response … As for the gut microbiota role, Bacteroides ovatus and Bacteroides xylanisolvens have been shown to exert a synergistic activity on tumor size reduction in mice treated with erlotinib, another tyrosine kinase inhibitor used to treat lung cancer [ 72 ]. …

Роль Гут Микробиота в неврологических, психиатрических и неевроразвитых расстройствах.

АИМ: Эта статья направлена на изучение роли человеческого кишечного микробиота (ГМ) в патогенезе неврологических, психиатрических и нейроразвитых расстройств, с уделением особого внимания его влиянию на здоровье и болезни и изучением потенциальных терапевтических стратегий, ориентированных на модификацию ГМ. МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ: Предусмотрен всеобъемлющий анализ состава кишечного микробиота и его взаимодействия с человеческим телом, в частности его роли в неврологических и психиатрических условиях. В обзоре обсуждаются факторы, влияющие на состав ГМ, включая родовой режим, грудное вскармливание

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… Macrolides, for example, decrease Actinomycetota and increase Bacteroides and Bacillota , while Penicillin and Clarithromycin have similar, though less severe, effects. … Specific species of probiotics, such as Bacteroides fragilis , have been shown in animal studies to improve behavioral disturbances, stereotypies, and anxiety symptoms often seen in ASD. …

Involvement of Pruritus, Gut Dysbiosis and Histamine-Producing Bacteria in Paraneoplastic Syndromes.

Background/Objectives: Paraneoplastic syndromes (PNS), characterized by a large diversity of symptoms, may sometimes be the first clinical feature of a severe underlying disorder such as cancer. Methods: We report the case of a middle-aged male patient with no significant previous medical history, a nonsmoker or alcohol heavy drinker, complaining about generalized, recently onset itch. Given no reasonable explanation of pruritus after dermatological consultation and the unsatisfactory response to treatment, the patient was referred to gastroenterology with the suspicion of a cholestatic liver

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… Alteration of the bioindicators with a decrease in the H index of alpha biodiversity (Shannon index) = 2.1, modification of the F/B ratio = 0.7, particularities of the enterotype with Bacteroides spp. dominant aspects were observed. … Interestingly, the patient presented in this case report displayed an imbalanced microbiota, with expression of type 1 of the enterotype, characterized by a Bacteroides spp.-dominant microbiome, as a result of a diet rich in animal protein and saturated fat and low in vegetal fibers. …

Roux-en-Y reconstruction alleviates radical gastrectomy-induced colitis via down-regulation of the butyrate/NLRP3 signaling pathway.

BackgroundDifferent methods for digestive tract reconstruction have a complex impact on the nutritional status of gastric cancer (GC) patients after radical gastrectomy. Previous studies reported that Roux-en-Y (R-Y) reconstruction resulted in obvious weight reduction and improvement in type 2 diabetes in obese patients. We investigated the relationship between R-Y reconstruction, gut microbiota, and the NLRP3 inflammasome in GC patients with poor basic nutrition.MethodsChanges in the gut microbiota after radical gastrectomy accomplished by different methods of digestive tract reconstruction w

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… Compared to the control group, the relative abundances of Bacteroides , Clostridium, and Ruminococcus were significantly enriched in the R-Y group ( P < 0.05, Fig. 2 D). … And Bacteroides , Clostridium, and Ruminococcus were closely associated with the secretion of SCFAs. 27 , 31 , 32 Fig. 2 Alterations in gut microbiota and different digestive tract reconstruction methods. …

Unlocking the Microbial Symphony: The Interplay of Human Microbiota in Cancer Immunotherapy Response.

IntroductionThe emergence of cancer immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment, offering remarkable outcomes for patients across various malignancies. However, the heterogeneous response to immunotherapy underscores the necessity of understanding additional factors influencing treatment efficacy. Among these factors, the human microbiota has garnered significant attention for its potential role in modulating immune response. Body: This review explores the intricate relationship between the human microbiota and cancer immunotherapy, highlighting recent advances and potential mechanisms u

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… Common bacterial genera in this process include Lactobacillus , Streptococcus , Bacteroides , and Bifidobacterium [ 61 , 62 ]. … The analysis of radiation-treated murine fecal matter showed an increase in beta diversity compared to controls and an over-representation of opportunistic pathogens such as Proteobacteria and Bacteroides [ 96 ]. …