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Comparative study of glycosphingolipid composition in mammalian lenses.

The carbohydrate epitope Gal alpha 1-3Gal-R (alpha-galactosyl epitope), which is detectable by its binding with Bandeiraea simplicifolia-IB4 lectin, was found in glycosphingolipids (GSLs), both neutral and acidic (gangliosides), from lens tissues of non-primate mammals, but not in those of human senile cataracts and Old World monkeys. Instead, human cataractous and Old World monkey non-cataractous lenses expressed Lewisx (Le(x)) epitopes (Gal beta 1-4(Fuc alpha 1-3)GlcNAc-R) in neutral GSLs. Sialylated Le(x) epitopes were found in rat and pig lenses as well as in human and Old World monkey len

DNA replication of chimeric JC virus-simian virus 40 genomes.

The ubiquitous virus JCV is the etiologic agent of the human brain disease progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Although infection usually occurs early in life and the virus can remain latent in human tissues, including brain, little information is available regarding its replication. It is known that DNA replication of primate polyomaviruses is dependent upon the synthesis of T antigen and the subsequent interactions of this protein with cellular factors and the viral origin of replication. We constructed chimeric genomes between JCV and SV40, two genetically similar viruses with disti

Some animal models for the study of perinatal asphyxia.

Much of our current understanding concerning the pathophysiology of perinatal brain disorders has evolved from animal studies over the past three decades. Fetal and neonatal nonhuman primate, pregnant sheep, lamb, puppy, piglet and immature rodents, all have been important animal models for perinatal brain research. Although no model can be considered 'perfect' in reflecting the variety and complexity of human brain pathology, the investigator must assess the merits and limitations of each model within the framework of the research questions being asked. A variety of experimental designs have

A human-mouse hybridoma which secretes monoclonal thyroglobulin autoantibody with properties similar to those of the donor patient's serum autoantibody.

Human monoclonal antibodies produced by Epstein Barr (EB) virus transformation and/or cell fusion are frequently IgM antibodies which tend t … n isoelectric focussing. The antibody has a high affinity for human Tg and recognises Tg from other primates but not non-primate Tg. However, it does not react with human thyroid peroxidase or a panel of other autoantigens. In terms of affinity constant, functional affinity and affinity heterogeneity, the antibody closely resembles the IgG2 lambda Tg antib …

Fatal measles infection in marmosets pathogenesis and prophylaxis.

Moustached marmosets (Saguinus mystax) were infected intranasally with either of two low-passaged, wildlike strains of measles virus, strain Edmonston or strain JM. The infection resulted in 25 and 100% mortality, respectively, 12 to 14 days after infection. Clinical signs, gross pathological findings, and histology lacked the characteristic features of measles in other primates. A deficient immune response and widespread gastroenterocolitis appeared to be the main causes for the fatal outcome. Fluorescent-antibody staining detected large amounts of measles antigen in lymphatic tissues, the ga…

Panvascular aging: The pioneer organ hypothesis, research models and future directions.

Traditional vascular aging research has predominantly focused on isolated pathologies in single vascular beds, which fails to explain the sy … e arterial aging, comprehensive multi-omics analyses of 30 tissues across the lifespan in non-human primates, and the development of the first human vascular organoid model of premature aging-have provided compelling molecular and temporal evidence supporting the pioneer organ hypothesis of aging. These studies suggest that the integrated circulatory netwo …

Zika Virus Infection in Tupaia belangeri Causes Dermatological Manifestations and Confers Protection against Secondary Infection.

Animal models of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection have recently been established in mice, guinea pigs, and nonhuman primates. Tree shrews (Tupaia belangeri) are an emerging experimental animal in biomedical applications, but their susceptibility to ZIKV infection has not been explored. In the present study, we show that subcutaneous inoculation of ZIKV led to rapid viremia and viral secretion in saliva, as well as to typical dermatological manifestations characterized by massive diffuse skin rash on the trunk. Global transcriptomic sequencing of peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from ZIKV…

Ovarian estradiol supports sexual behavior but not energy homeostasis in female marmoset monkeys.

OBJECTIVE: In adult female rodents, ovarian estradiol (E2) regulates body weight, adiposity, energy balance, physical activity, glucose-insulin homeodynamics, and lipid metabolism, while protecting against diet-induced obesity. The same E2 actions are presumed to occur in primates, but confirmatory studies have been lacking. METHODS: We investigated the consequences of ovariectomy (OVX) and E2 replacement in female marmoset monkeys on major metabolic and morphometric endpoints. Sexual behavior and uterine diameters were assessed as positive controls for E2 treatment efficacy. Metabolic parame…

Within-Host Evolution of Simian Arteriviruses in Crab-Eating Macaques.

UNLABELLED: Simian arteriviruses are a diverse clade of viruses infecting captive and wild nonhuman primates. We recently reported that Kibale red colobus virus 1 (KRCV-1) causes a mild and self-limiting disease in experimentally infected crab-eating macaques, while simian hemorrhagic fever virus (SHFV) causes lethal viral hemorrhagic fever. Here we characterize how these viruses evolved during replication in cell culture and in experimentally infected macaques. During passage in cell culture, 68 substitutions that were localized in open reading frames (ORFs) likely associated with host cell e…

Reconstruction and morphometric analysis of the nasal airway of the white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and implications regarding respiratory and olfactory airflow.

Compared with other mammals (e.g., primates, rodents, and carnivores), the form and function of the ungulate nasal fossa, in particular the ethmoidal region, has been largely unexplored. Hence, the nasal anatomy of the largest prey species remains far less understood than that of their predators, rendering comparisons and evolutionary context unclear. Of the previous studies of nasal anatomy, none have investigated the detailed anatomy and functional morphology of the white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), a species that is ubiquitous throughout North and Central America and in northern r…

Rethinking category selectivity: insights from the macaque inferior temporal cortex.

Ritchie et al. argue that the traditional framework of category selectivity has limited value for understanding the organization of the ventral visual stream and propose shifting focus toward behavioral relevance and examining vision under naturalistic task conditions. While I agree with many of their points, I expand on their discussion of category selectivity, as well as the drivers of ventral stream organization, from a nonhuman primate perspective.

Metabolic reprogramming by caloric restriction enhances acute phase virological control and reduces chronic inflammation in SIV-infected rhesus macaques.

UNLABELLED: Nutrient metabolism influences HIV-1 replication, antiviral immunity, and chronic inflammation, yet is difficult to leverage for therapeutic gain. We sought to modulate metabolism in the non-human primate model of HIV-1 by caloric restriction (CR), a modality canonically known for its antiaging benefits. Four months of 30% CR was safe and resulted in broad and systemic metabolic reprogramming in healthy adult male and female rhesus macaques. Relative to that of ad libitum- fed animals, CR lowered the frequencies of target CCR5+ CD4 T cells in the gut mucosa. Upon infection with SIV

Positive Selection in Gene Regulatory Factors Suggests Adaptive Pleiotropic Changes During Human Evolution.

Gene regulatory factors (GRFs), such as transcription factors, co-factors and histone-modifying enzymes, play many important roles in modify … es we investigated more than 3,000 human GRFs with their more than 70,000 orthologs in 26 non-human primates. We implemented two independent tests for positive selection, the branch-site-model of the PAML suite and aBSREL of the HyPhy suite, focusing on the human and great ape branch. Our workflow included rigorous procedures to reduce the number of false …

Defining malaria risks among forest workers in Aceh, Indonesia: a formative assessment.

BACKGROUND: Following a dramatic decline of malaria cases in Aceh province, geographically-based reactive case detection (RACD) was recently … icts. Themes included: types of forest activities, mobility of workers, interactions with non-human primates, malaria prevention and treatment-seeking behaviours, and willingness to participate in malaria surveys at forest work sites and using peer-referral. RESULTS: Reported forest activities included mining, logging, and agriculture in the deep forest a …

Review and hypothesis: does Graves' disease develop in non-human great apes?

BACKGROUND: Graves' disease, caused by stimulatory thyrotropin receptor (TSHR) autoantibodies, has not been observed in animals. In contrast … on regarding thyroid function tests and thyroid autoantibodies in the great apes In addition, these primates may be protected against TSHR autoimmunity by the absence of genetic polymorphisms and putative environmental triggers. Finally, larger numbers of great apes need to be followed, and tests of thyroid function and thyroid autoantibodies be performed, …

Dopamine transporter immunoreactivity in monkey cerebral cortex: regional, laminar, and ultrastructural localization.

Dopamine (DA) influences a number of cognitive and motor functions that are mediated by the primate cerebral cortex, and the DA membrane transporter (DAT) is known to be a critical regulator of DA neurotransmission in subcortical structures in rodents. To gain insight into the possible functional role of cortical DAT, we compared the regional, laminar, and ultrastructural distribution of DAT immunoreactivity to that of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), the rate-limiting enzyme in DA synthesis, in the cerebral cortex of macaque monkeys. DAT-immunoreactive (DAT-IR) axons were present throughout the cor

Method of heart transplantation for treatment of hypoplastic left heart syndrome.

Technical details of investigational orthotopic cardiac transplantation for management of hypoplastic left heart syndrome in a neonate are presented. Extracorporeal perfusion technique and need for extensive aortic arch reconstruction are emphasized. Although this experience was with a subhuman primate (baboon) donor, source of donor graft makes little difference with regards to the unique technical aspects of cardiac transplantation in a ductus-dependent newborn infant with a diminutive aortic arch.

Систематический обзор распространенности и стойкости вирусов в Марбурге.

ВВЕДЕНИЕ: Марбургское вирусное заболевание (MVD) является смертельной зоонотической болезнью человека и нечеловеческих приматов, вызванной вирусом Марбурга (MARV) семейства Филовириде, и представляет собой геморрагическую лихорадку с высокой смертностью. Египетские фруктовые летучие мыши, Rousettus aegyptiac, являются основным природным резервуаром, который, по имеющимся данным, связывает их с большинством человеческих вспышек. МЕТОДЫ: В ходе этого систематического обзора была проведена оценка распространенности МАРВ среди летучих мышей, домашних животных и грызунов, а также продолжительности

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
INTRODUCTION: Marburg Virus Disease (MVD) is a fatal zoonotic disease of humans and nonhuman primates caused by the Marburg virus (MARV) of the Filoviridae family, and presenting as hemorrhagic fever with a high fatality rate. Egyptian fruit bats, Rousettus aegyptiacus, are the principal natural reservoir, with evidence linking them to most human outbreaks. …

Rabies virus large protein-derived T-cell immunogen facilitates rapid viral clearance and enhances protection against lethal challenge in mice.

BACKGROUND: Rabies remains a devastating and fatal infectious disease worldwide. To date, vaccination is the most reliable and effective str … rabies virus. Additionally, we evaluated the immunogenicity of RABV-G-LT in both mice and non-human primates. RESULTS: The RABV-LT mRNA vaccination alone induced potent RABV-LT-specific T-cell responses and provided modest protection against rabies virus challenge in mice. Importantly, the dual-immunogen mRNA vaccine RABV-G-LT elicited vigorous and persis …

A Plasma Metabolic Signature to Diagnose Pulmonary Tuberculosis and Monitor Treatment Response.

BACKGROUND: High-resolution metabolomics has shown promise for identifying blood-based biomarkers of tuberculosis (TB). We sought to discove … ntries of Georgia (n = 89) and South Africa (n = 85). Signatures were further evaluated in nonhuman primates infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). RESULTS: Among the metabolites that most significantly differed in concentration, tryptophan (Trp) and retinol were significantly decreased in persons with TB disease (45.2 vs 62.5 μM and 4.1 vs 8.2 μ …