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Sagittal plane deformity: an overview of interpretation and management.

The impact of sagittal plane alignment on the treatment of spinal disorders is of critical importance. A failure to recognise malalignment in this plane can have significant consequences for the patient not only in terms of pain and deformity, but also social interaction due to deficient forward gaze. A good understanding of the principles of sagittal balance is vital to achieve optimum outcomes when treating spinal disorders. Even when addressing problems in the coronal plane, an awareness of sagittal balance is necessary to avoid future complications. The normal spine has lordotic curves in …

Behavioral effects of the beta3 adrenoceptor agonist SR58611A: is it the putative prototype of a new class of antidepressant/anxiolytic drugs?

A large body of evidence corroborates the notion that deficiencies of serotonergic system are likely involved in the pathogenesis of both de … ower than that of diazepam (1 mg/kg). Chronic treatment with SR58611A resulted also in an increased social interaction time in the social interaction test without affecting motor activity of rats. Furthermore, similarly to diazepam a chronic treatment with the highest doses of SR58611A was followed by increased exploratory behavior in Swiss male mice exposed to the …

Professional perspectives on barriers to accessing maternity care in England: a qualitative study.

BACKGROUND: Women living on low income in England are at an increased risk of experiencing stillbirth, neonatal death, preterm birth, low birth weight and maternal mortality. Women with poor access to financial, educational, and social and health resources engage less with health and care services throughout their pregnancy, due to social stressors, low health literacy, digital exclusion, lack of support, language barriers, transport difficulties, and stigma and judgement from healthcare professionals. Existing evidence documents the experiences of women facing socioeconomic disadvantage, litt

Perceived faith-oriented public-space environments, activity participation, and social connectedness among older adults in Quanzhou Ancient City.

Older adults' perceptions of urban public spaces are associated with their outdoor activities and social interactions, whereas locally embedded folk culture is associated with distinctive patterns of spatial engagement. In the context of historic city renewal, understanding how culturally embedded environments are associated with social connectedness among older adults is essential. This study examines how environmental perceptions of public spaces are associated with social connectedness among older adults and tests the indirect associations through activity participation. Using Licheng Distr…

Maternal Social Support Reshapes the Offspring Brain Transcriptome to Buffer Prenatal Stress in Mice.

Early-life adversity, including prenatal stress, has lasting consequences for maternal and offspring mental health. However, the mechanisms through which social support buffers these effects remain poorly understood. Using a mouse model, we examined whether gestational social support from a familiar female protects against prenatal stress and whether this protection restores a stress-free molecular phenotype or engages a distinct compensatory program. Pregnant females exposed to unpredictable prenatal stress displayed impaired maternal care, elevated peripartum corticosterone levels, and reduc

Social relationship challenges perceived by cancer patients and survivors: a qualitative meta-synthesis.

BackgroundA cancer diagnosis can significantly disrupt patients' social lives, leading to strained relationships and increased social isolation. Many encounter uneasy interactions or feel judged by others, amplifying loneliness and a sense of exclusion. While existing research has predominantly focused on clinical outcomes, the social relationship challenges faced by cancer patients have not been fully explored. Consequently, this study aims to synthesize qualitative studies that examine the social relationship experiences of cancer patients and survivors, offering a deeper insight into this i

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… These quotes capture the emotional burden and physical limitations that impede both reintegration and social interaction. … The findings regarding perceived gaps in social support illustrate the intricate and evolving nature of social interactions both during and after cancer treatment. …

Medication adherence, health outcomes, and perceived social performance in Black Americans receiving hemodialysis.

OBJECTIVE: Social performance-the ability to successfully engage in social interactions-impacts outcomes in end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), including depressive symptoms and low self-efficacy, that are disproportionately experienced by Black Americans. However, the associations between social performance and health behaviors in ESKD are unknown. Social-emotional expertise (SEE) is a construct of individual differences in social performance that may be relevant to ESKD outcomes. Study goals are to establish the relation between SEE and health behaviors in Black American patients with ESKD by (…

Social vulnerability and chronic kidney disease-associated mortality in the United States: 1999-2020.

BACKGROUND: While significant sociodemographic disparities in the burden of chronic kidney disease (CKD) are well established, less is known about how area-level socioeconomic status interacts with these disparities. METHODS: This study used data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide-Ranging Online Database for Epidemiologic Research (CDC WONDER) Underlying Cause of Death Database to identify deaths from CKD among people aged 45 and older in the United States from 1999-2020. We used county-level Social Vulnerability Index data to examine the relationship between Social Vuln

Impact of emotional working memory training on threat-related attentional bias in social anxiety: Evidence from eye movements.

Threat-related attentional bias is a core characteristic of social anxiety and is closely associated with impaired attentional control. While traditional working memory training (WM-T) improves cognitive control and emotional regulation, it does not address emotional information processing. Emotional working memory training (EWM-T), which integrates negative emotional stimuli, may enhance control over negative information. This study hypothesizes that EWM-T can reduce threat-related attentional bias in socially anxious individuals and outperform WM-T in decreasing sustained attention to negati

Heightened response to positive facial cues as a potential marker of resilience following childhood adversity.

Background: Childhood maltreatment profoundly influences social and emotional development, increasing psychiatric risk. Alterations in the implicit processing of threat-related cues following early abuse and neglect represent a marker of mental health vulnerability. Less is known about how early adversity influences the perception of positive social cues, despite their central role in establishing and maintaining social interactions and their association with better mental health outcomes.Methods: The sample consisted of 42 children and adolescents with substantiated childhood maltreatment exp…

The effect of mobile social media on the mental health status of Chinese international students: an empirical study on the chain mediation effect.

PURPOSE: To explore the impact of mobile social media on the psychological well-being of Chinese international students and analyze the mechanisms of influence to enhance their overall psychological health and social interactions in a foreign environment. METHODS: Convenience sampling was employed, using questionnaires on Mobile Social Media, Psychological Resilience, Body Image, Health Goal Setting, Physical Activity Level, and Mental Health Status as measurement tools. Data were gathered from 378 Chinese international students across 33 universities in South Korea, including Kangwon Nationa…

Effects of social restrictions on people with dementia and carers during the pre-vaccine phase of the COVID-19 pandemic: Experiences of IDEAL cohort participants.

This qualitative study was designed to understand the impact of social distancing measures on people with dementia and carers living in the community in England and Wales during a period of social restrictions before the COVID-19 vaccination roll-out. We conducted 12 semi-structured interviews with people with dementia aged 50-88 years, living alone or with a partner, and 10 carers aged 61-78 years, all living with the person with dementia. Three of the interviews were with dyads. Participants were recruited during November and December 2020. We used framework analysis to identify themes and e

The Cost of Scrutiny: Subclinical Social Anxiety and Performance Context Reshape Frontal-Midline Theta Network Reconfigurations during Probabilistic Learning.

Social anxiety is reliably characterized by biases toward avoidance and aversive learning. Frontal-midline theta (FM-theta) oscillations have been implicated as a key neural mechanism underlying these learning biases. Here, we combined a dynamic network neuroscience approach with computational modeling to investigate how FM-theta oscillatory activity coordinates large-scale functional network interactions on a trial-to-trial basis during feedback-guided learning. Additionally, we examined how these neural dynamics are associated with social anxiety across different social contexts. A sample of

Second-Order Visual Attention Prediction in Multiagent Videos via Emotion-Aware Belief Inference.

In human social cognition, understanding others' attention relies not only on explicit cues such as gaze and posture but also on observers' inferences of implicit factors, including emotions, task goals, and social roles. This belief-based ability, known as second-order attention modeling, is a key component of theory of mind (ToM), enabling individuals to infer others' attentional states during multiagent interactions. Existing vision systems mainly focus on first-order attention modeling, such as gaze estimation and gaze following, which predict physical gaze locations. Although effective at

Bridging Early Adolescents' Online and In-Person Experiences: Qualitative Explorations of Emotional and Relational Well-Being in the Post-COVID-19 Era.

INTRODUCTION: Technology plays a dual role in adolescents' lives, offering valuable avenues for social engagement and support while also introducing risks of social comparison, harassment, and loneliness. Qualitative data that centers on adolescent voices and contexts can illuminate the interplay of these protective and risk factors. In this study, we considered both physical and virtual microsystems and examined contextual data on early adolescents' online and in-person experiences as they transitioned back to face-to-face environments after the pandemic. METHODS: We conducted virtual interv

The effect of social robot interventions on anxiety in children in clinical settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

AIMS: Children in clinical settings are prone to anxiety due to developmental limitations, which hinders treatment progress. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy of social robot interventions compared to routine care or alternative non-pharmacological strategies in reducing anxiety among children aged 4-12 years undergoing medical procedures in clinical settings, based on evidence from randomized controlled trials. METHODS: The review protocol was prospectively registered in PROSPERO. Five electronic databases PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library

Understanding Social Influence of Non-Suicidal Self-Injury: The Interplay of Peer Networks and Adolescent Behavior.

Adolescents' non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) could be influenced by their friends' NSSI and by their own social position within peer networks. However, prior research has examined these effects separately and has primarily focused on middle-to-late adolescence. It remains unclear how friends' NSSI relates to adolescents' NSSI under different social positions and how these effects differ across different age stages. This study examined both the independent and interactive effects of the number of friends engaging in NSSI, the number of claiming friends, and the extent of bridging different peer

Reduced interpersonal touch and elevated preferred interpersonal distance are signs of impaired social contact behavior in post-COVID syndrome.

BACKGROUND: Increased inflammation often evokes an adaptive sickness behavior with social withdrawal. We aimed to test whether reduced social contact also characterizes Post-COVID syndrome, a condition that is hypothesized to involve prolonged inflammation following SARS-CoV-2 infection. METHODS: We queried 49 Post-COVID patients (mean age = 46.8 years, 38 (77.6 %) female, mean duration of disease = 16 months) and 49 age- and gender-matched healthy control paricipants for their satisfaction with socializing, frequency of interpersonal contact and touch, and preferred interpersonal distance. A

Low-dose mixtures of dietary nutrients ameliorate behavioral deficits in multiple mouse models of autism.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a group of heterogeneous, behaviorally defined neurodevelopmental conditions influenced by both genetic an … supplementation normalized the activity and connectivity of the BLA neurons in Tbr1+/- mice during social interactions. We further show that although a low dose of individual nutrients did not alter social behaviors, treatment with supplement mixtures containing low-dose individual nutrients improved social behaviors and associative memory of Tbr1+/- mice, implying …

Considering context: Current relationship satisfaction in a second-generation model of men's physical intimate partner violence.

Despite a half-century of scholarship devoted to explicating and disrupting the intergenerational transmission of family violence, it remains a prominent and destructive social force in the United States. Theoretical models have posited a variety of historical and concurrent risk and protective factors implicated in the trajectory from childhood violence exposure to adult perpetration. Using a second-generation model of intimate partner violence (IPV), we integrated social learning and attachment conceptualizations to examine pathways from family-of-origin violence to IPV perpetration among ad