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Bloodstream Infections in Patients with Hematologic Diseases: Causative Organisms and Factors Associated with Resistance.

BackgroundPatients with hematologic diseases are at high risk of bloodstream infections (BSIs). This study aimed to analyze clinical features and distributions of microorganisms in patients with hematologic diseases presenting at a tertiary care university-affiliated hospital in Korea.Materials and methodsWe retrospectively reviewed all BSI episodes recorded in patient medical records at two hematologic wards of the Catholic Hematology Hospital from January to December 2020. Our aim was to analyze demographic and clinical characteristics relevant to BSIs. We also described the antimicrobial re

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… At this time, the initial empirical antimicrobials for neutropenic fever were anti-pseudomonal cephalosporins, cefepime, or ceftazidime (2 g q12h given intravenously [IV]) with aminoglycoside, isepamicin (400 mg q24h by IV), or amikacin (7 – 10 mg/kg q24h by IV). …

Antibiotics: Conventional Therapy and Natural Compounds with Antibacterial Activity-A Pharmaco-Toxicological Screening.

Antibiotics are considered as a cornerstone of modern medicine and their discovery offers the resolution to the infectious diseases problem. However, the excessive use of antibiotics worldwide has generated a critical public health issue and the bacterial resistance correlated with antibiotics inefficiency is still unsolved. Finding novel therapeutic approaches to overcome bacterial resistance is imperative, and natural compounds with antibacterial effects could be considered a promising option. The role played by antibiotics in tumorigenesis and their interrelation with the microbiota are sti

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… The molecules with the highest risk of neurotoxicity in the class of cephalosporins are cefazolin, ceftazidime, cefoperazone and cefepime. … In another study, Castelo-Branco et al. [ 125 ] observed an increment in the potential of action of farnesol on B. pseudomallai in combination with amoxicillin, doxycycline and ceftazidime. …

High-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation of patients with multiple myeloma in an outpatient setting.

BACKGROUND: High-dose (HD) chemotherapy with melphalan and autologous blood stem cell transplantation (ABSCT) for treatment of symptomatic multiple myeloma (MM) on an outpatient basis has been well established in the USA and Canada, whereas in Germany and Western Europe an inpatient setting is the current standard. We report on a German single-centre program to offer the procedure on an outpatient basis to selected patients. METHODS: Major requirements included: patients had to have family and/or other caregivers, had to be able to reach the hospital within 45 min and have an ECOG performance

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… Harter C Schulze B Goldschmidt H Piperacillin/tazobactam vs ceftazidime in the treatment of neutropenic fever in patients with acute leukemia or following autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation: a prospective randomized trial Bone Marrow Transplant 2006 37 4 373 379 10.1038/sj.bmt.1705256 …

Population pharmacokinetics and optimized dosing of piperacillin-tazobactam in hematological patients with febrile neutropenia.

Hematological patients with febrile neutropenia receiving piperacillin-tazobactam may experience pharmacokinetic alterations that compromise drug exposure. We aimed to characterize the population pharmacokinetics of piperacillin in plasma and provide optimized dosing recommendations for this patient population. A population pharmacokinetic analysis was conducted in patients who received piperacillin-tazobactam as part of the BEATLE study, which compared the efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic target attainment of β-lactams administered in extended infusion versus short 30 min

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… Evaluation of area under the inhibitory curve (AUIC) and time above the minimum inhibitory concentration (T>MIC) as predictors of outcome for cefepime and ceftazidime in serious bacterial infections . …

Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis and Dietary Interventions in Non-Hodgkin B-Cell Lymphomas: Implications for Treatment Response.

Non-Hodgkin B-cell lymphomas are a heterogeneous group of lymphoid malignancies with variable biological behavior, clinical presentation and treatment response. While chemoimmunotherapy remains the cornerstone of their management, growing evidence implicates the gut microbiota as a critical modulator of both lymphomagenesis and therapeutic efficacy. Gut microbiota dysbiosis, characterized by reduced microbial diversity and pathogenic taxonomic shifts, has been observed also in newly diagnosed patients and not just after therapy. This microbial imbalance contributes to mucosal barrier disruptio

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… In patients with non-Hodgkin B-cell lymphoma, those who received high-risk antibiotics such as meropenem, cefepime, ceftazidime, and piperacillin–tazobactam during therapy exhibited poorer treatment responses. …

Anti-Infective-Associated AKI: A Narrative Review of the Epidemiology, Mechanisms, Risk Factors, Biomarkers, Clinical Course, Monitoring, Prevention, and Therapeutic Strategies.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) occurs commonly in hospitalized patients, especially patients in intensive care units (ICUs). Medications are among the major causative factors of AKI. This narrative review addressed and updated different aspects of anti-infective-associated AKI, including amphotericin B, cidofovir, foscarnet, polymyxins, vancomycin, and aminoglycosides. There is no standard definition or operational criteria to describe anti-infective-associated AKI. Characteristically, it usually occurs during the first two weeks of treatment and is typically dose dependent. Functional resolution o

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… results of a few retrospective and prospective studies in favor of comparable clinical and microbiological response rates between colistin and ampicillin–sulbactam in the treatment of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infections [ 169 , 170 ], using alternative regimens or agents (e.g., ceftazidime … Discontinuation of polymyxins and substituting them with other antibacterial agents/regimens with less nephrotoxicity potential (e.g., tigecycline, ampicillin–sulbactam, ceftolozane–tazobactam, ceftazidime–avibactam, meropenem–vaborbactam, and eravacycline ± meropenem) is a challenging strategy, but …

Pre-Engraftment Syndrome After Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation in Relapsed or Refractory Hodgkin Lymphoma: An Association with Prior PD-1 Inhibitor Exposure.

Background and Objectives: Autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) remains the standard of care for relapsed or refractory Hodgkin lymphoma (R/R HL), and an increasing proportion of patients receive programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) inhibitors prior to transplantation. Engraftment syndrome (ES) is a noninfectious inflammatory complication classically associated with neutrophil recovery; however, early peri-transplant inflammatory manifestations remain poorly characterized and may mimic infectious complications. We aimed to evaluate peri-transplant inflammatory events after ASCT, with

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… Initial empirical regimens typically consisted of an anti-pseudomonal beta-lactam agent (such as ceftazidime or meropenem), frequently in combination with an aminoglycoside (e.g., amikacin), with the addition of vancomycin in selected cases based on clinical suspicion of Gram-positive infection or catheter-related …

Exploring the Influence of Oral and Gut Microbiota on Ulcerative Mucositis: A Pilot Cohort Study.

AIM: Comparing oral and gut microbiome profiles between patients with and without ulcerative mucositis during allogeneic stem cell transplantation (aSCT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Specimens from oral mucosa, saliva, and stool were collected pre-(T0) and post- (T0 +28d ± 14d) aSCT (T1). Microbiome structure differences were analyzed by 16S-rRNA-gene sequencing, and associations to patients' clinical characteristics were investigated. RESULTS: Ten of 25 included patients developed ulcerations. The α-diversity decreased between T0 and T1, independent of ulcerations. PERMANOVA revealed differences

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… Additionally, they received Rifaximin ( n = 13), Ciprofloxacin ( n = 4), Tazobactam ( n = 6), Amoxicillin with Clavulanic acid ( n = 5), Meropenem ( n = 3), Amikacin ( n = 1), and Ceftazidime/Avibactam ( n = 1). …

Epidemiology and Factors Associated with Treatment Success of Invasive Fungal Infections Among Newly Hematologic Malignancy Patients Receiving Chemotherapy or Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant in Thailand.

PurposeInvasive fungal infection (IFI) causes disability/death in patients with hematologic malignancy (HM) receiving chemotherapy or hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). There is limited epidemiological data, treatment outcomes, and factors associated with IFI treatment success in Thailand. This study aimed to identify factors associated with IFI treatment success among new HM patients receiving chemotherapy or HSCT, determine IFI incidence among HM patients receiving chemotherapy or HSCT, and the IFI incidence of a breakthrough in patients receiving primary antifungal prophylaxis, and

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… The management of febrile neutropenia was as follows: broad-spectrum antimicrobial drugs (eg, ceftazidime, cefepime, piperacillin–tazobactam) were first administered, followed by escalation to carbapenems if indicated. …

Risk Factors of Death in Bloodstream Infections Caused by AmpC β-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacterales in Patients with Neoplasia.

PurposeThe infections caused by ESCPM Enterobacterales (Enterobacter spp., Serratia spp., Citrobacter spp., Providencia spp. and Morganella spp.) have limited therapeutic options. Patients with neoplastic diseases are particularly vulnerable to bloodstream infections (BSIs).ObjectiveTo analyze determinant factors of death in patients with neoplasia complicated with BSI caused by ESCPM Enterobacterales.Patients and methodsA cohort study of patients aged 18 years or older with neoplasia and BSI due to ESCPM group was conducted at the Cancer Hospital I of the National Cancer Institute, Brazil, fr

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… Overexpression confers resistance to broad-spectrum cephalosporins including cefotaxime, ceftazidime, and ceftriaxone and is a problem, especially in infections due to E. aerogenes and E. cloacae , where an isolate initially susceptible to these agents may become resistant upon therapy. 2 BSIs can be …

Epidemiology of infections in cancer patients.

Although major advances in the care of cancer patients over the past several decades have resulted in improved survival, infectious complications remain a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. To successfully identify, treat, and prevent infections, a comprehensive understanding of risk factors that predispose to infection and of commonly encountered pathogens is necessary. In addition, clinicians must keep abreast of the changing epidemiology of infections in this population. As therapeutic modalities continue to evolve, as established pathogens become increasingly drug resistant, and

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… The total amount of ceftazidime, the duration of therapy, and the number of days of therapy with this agent have all been implicated in the emergence of vancomycin-resistant E. faecium bacteremia. …

Proceedings of Réanimation 2020, the French Intensive Care Society International Congress.

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… < 0.0001 Antibiotics administrated Amoxicillin 29 (6.7%) 67 (17.6%) < 0.0001 Amoxicillin/ clavulanic acid 122 (88.0%) 69 (17.9%) < 0.0001 Piperacillin/tazobactam 169 (38.9%) 18 (4.7%) < 0.0001 Cefotaxime/Ceftriaxone (C3G) 196 (45.1%) 162 (42%) 0.37 Cefoxitin (cephamycin) 6 (1.4%) 34 (8.8%) < 0.0001 Ceftazidime … | Amoxicillin | 29 (6.7%) | 67 (17.6%) | < 0.0001 Amoxicillin/ clavulanic acid | 122 (88.0%) | 69 (17.9%) | < 0.0001 Piperacillin/tazobactam | 169 (38.9%) | 18 (4.7%) | < 0.0001 Cefotaxime/Ceftriaxone (C3G) | 196 (45.1%) | 162 (42%) | 0.37 Cefoxitin (cephamycin) | 6 (1.4%) | 34 (8.8%) | < 0.0001 Ceftazidime …

ESCP 36th European Symposium on Clinical Pharmacy ‘Implementing Clinical Pharmacy in Community and Hospital Settings: Sharing the Experience’, Istanbul, Turkey 25–27 October 2007; Abstracts

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A Literature Review on the Impact of the Gut Microbiome on Cancer Treatment Efficacy, Disease Evolution and Toxicity: The Implications for Hematological Malignancies.

The gut microbiome plays a crucial role in modulating the efficacy and toxicity of cancer therapies, particularly in hematological malignancies. This review examines the dynamic interplay between gut microbiota and cancer treatments, such as chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Disruptions in the gut microbiome, known as dysbiosis, are associated with adverse effects like gastrointestinal toxicity, neutropenia and cardiotoxicity during chemotherapy. Conversely, the supplementation of probiotics has shown potential in mitigating these side effects by

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… It was found that patients who received high-risk antibiotics, such as meropenem, cefepime, ceftazidime, and piperacillin–tazobactam, during therapy exhibited higher levels of Prevotella , Veillonella and Enterococcus species, which were associated with poorer treatment responses. …

Breakthroughs in Medicinal Chemistry: New Targets and Mechanisms, New Drugs, New Hopes-7.

Breakthroughs in Medicinal Chemistry [...].

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… The compound, dubbed YU253434, contains the 2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-2-(2-carboxypropan-2-yloxyimino)acetamido moiety of ceftazidime linked to the pyrazolidinone nucleus, which in turn bears a dihydroxyphtalimide acting as a siderophore mimic ( Figure 10 ). …

Nanovesicular Drug Delivery Systems for Overcoming Antibiotic Resistance.

Despite the early success of treating bacterial infections with antibiotics, resistance development has become a global problem. Treatment of organisms that have become resistant to common antibacterial agents is challenging and can cause severe and extended illness, longer hospital stays, and increased medical costs. Bacteria may develop antibiotic resistance by multiple biochemical pathways, including target-site gene mutations, decreased permeability, drug uptake or efflux mechanisms that remove the drug from the host cells, and alterations in metabolic pathways. Several strategies to overc

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… MRSA bone infections have been treated with liposomal formulations of gentamicin, vancomycin, ceftazidime, and dicloxacillin [ 63 ]. …

Drug Repurposing Approaches towards Defeating Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Pathogens: Novel Polymyxin/Non-Antibiotic Combinations.

Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative pathogens remain an unmet public health threat. In recent times, increased rates of resistance have been reported not only to commonly used antibiotics, but also to the last-resort antibiotics, such as polymyxins. More worryingly, despite the current trends in resistance, there is a lack of new antibiotics in the drug-discovery pipeline. Hence, it is imperative that new strategies are developed to preserve the clinical efficacy of the current antibiotics, particularly the last-line agents. Combining conventional antibiotics such as polymyxins with non-an

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… To illustrate, Vestergaard et. al., observed that the combination of ciprofloxacin and ceftazidime augmented resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa compared to either antibiotic used alone. …

Chronic pruritus: a narrative review.

Chronic pruritus encompasses a manifestation of several cutaneous, allergic, infectious, neurological, psychological, and systemic conditions, whose etiological investigation and therapeutic strategy can be challenging. This comprehensive review aims to enhance the understanding of pruritus by highlighting important elements in its pathogenesis, including keratinocytes, Merkel cells and mast cells, nerve fibers, histaminergic and nonhistaminergic pathways, and the interaction of itch signals with the central nervous system. Diagnostic evaluation of chronic pruritus may require a meticulous app

The Three Musketeers in Cancer Therapy: Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Personalised Approach.

Cancer therapy is rapidly evolving from a one-size-fits-all paradigm toward highly personalized approaches. Traditional chemotherapies and radiotherapies, while broadly applied, often yield suboptimal outcomes due to tumor heterogeneity and are limited by significant toxicities. In contrast, precision oncology tailors prevention, diagnosis, and treatment to the individual patient's genetic and molecular profile. Key advancements underscore this shift: molecularly targeted drugs (e.g., trastuzumab for HER2-positive breast cancer, EGFR and ALK inhibitors for lung cancer) have improved efficacy a

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… Dosing Evaluation of Ceftazidime–Avibactam in Intensive Care Unit Patients Based on Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) Modeling and Simulation Antibiotics 2024 13 861 10.3390/antibiotics13090861 39335034 PMC11429409 28. Zafar A. Khatoon S. Khan M.J. Abu J. Naeem A. …

Management of chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell-associated toxicities.

The use of chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells is a significant therapeutic improvement increasing the prognosis for patients with a variety of hematological malignancies. However, this therapy has also sometimes life-threatening, complications. Therefore, knowledge of the treatment and management of these complications, especially in treatment centers and intensive care units, respectively, is of outstanding importance. This review provides recommendations for the diagnosis, management, and treatment of CAR-T cell-associated complications such as cytokine release syndrome, immune effect

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… If the focus is unclear, a Pseudomonas-effective antibiotic (piperacillin/tazobactam, imipenem, meropenem, cefepime, or ceftazidime) must be initiated within one hour [ 21 ]. …