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Genus Sophora: a comprehensive review on secondary chemical metabolites and their biological aspects from past achievements to future perspectives.

Sophora is deemed as one of the most remarkable genera of Fabaceae, and the third largest family of flowering plants. The genus Sophora comprises approximately 52 species, 19 varieties, and 7 forms that are widely distributed in Asia and mildly in Africa. Sophora species are recognized to be substantial sources of broad spectrum biopertinent secondary metabolites namely flavonoids, isoflavonoids, chalcones, chromones, pterocarpans, coumarins, benzofuran derivatives, sterols, saponins (mainly triterpene glycosides), oligostilbenes, and mainly alkaloids. Meanwhile, extracts and isolated compoun

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… The prepared injection decreased metastasis by impairing migration in hepatocellular carcinoma cells and repressing RNA markers associated with tumor metastasis in MCF-7 cells. Oxysophoridine 242 is an alkaloid extracted from S. alopecuroides Linn. …

Phytosome-Enhanced Secondary Metabolites for Improved Anticancer Efficacy: Mechanisms and Bioavailability Review.

PurposePhytosome technology, an advanced lipid-based delivery system, offers a promising solution for enhancing the bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy of secondary metabolites, particularly in cancer treatment. These metabolites, such as flavonoids, terpenoids, and alkaloids, possess significant anticancer potential but are often limited by poor solubility and low absorption. This review aims to investigate how phytosome encapsulation improves the pharmacokinetic profiles and anticancer effectiveness of these bioactive compounds.Patients and methodsThis comprehensive review is based on a

The insulin-like growth factor system and its receptors: A potential novel anticancer target.

The current generation of novel anticancer therapies that are in preclinical and clinical development are based on exploiting our increasing understanding of the molecular and cellular basis of cancer development and progression. Accelerated rates of cell division and proliferation have been postulated to predispose to the development of malignant disease. The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling system has an important physiological role in regulating cellular proliferation and apoptosis. This function has led to considerable interest in its relevance to neoplasia over the last decade.

Homoharringtonine induces apoptosis and inhibits STAT3 via IL-6/JAK1/STAT3 signal pathway in Gefitinib-resistant lung cancer cells.

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are mostly used in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment. Unfortunately, treatment with Gefitinib for a period of time will result in drug resistance and cause treatment failure in clinic. Therefore, exploring novel compounds to overcome this resistance is urgently required. Here we investigated the antitumor effect of homoharringtonine (HHT), a natural compound extracted from Cephalotaxus harringtonia, on Gefitinib-resistant NSCLC cell lines in vitro and in vivo. NCI-H1975 cells with EGFR T790M mutation are more sensitive to HHT treatment compared with

Pathological Crosstalk between Metastatic Breast Cancer Cells and the Bone Microenvironment.

Bone is the most common metastatic site in breast cancer. Upon arrival to the bone, disseminated tumor cells can undergo a period of dormancy but often eventually grow and hijack the bone microenvironment. The bone marrow microenvironment consists of multiple cell types including the bone cells, adipocytes, endothelial cells, and nerve cells that all have crucial functions in the maintenance of bone homeostasis. Tumor cells severely disturb the tightly controlled cellular and molecular interactions in the bone marrow fueling their own survival and growth. While the role of bone resorbing osteo

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… Using in vivo mouse models and both triple negative MDA-MB-231 and estrogen-receptor positive MCF-7 cells, the authors showed an increase of TRAP-positive osteoclasts once the micrometastases were transitioning into actively proliferating metastases. … The authors also reported a reduced wound healing capacity of MDA-MB-231 cells upon stimulation with osteocyte conditioned medium in a scratch-wound assay, whereas no effect was observed using MCF-7 cells. …

Biosynthesis of anticancer phytochemical compounds and their chemistry.

Cancer is a severe health issue, and cancer cases are rising yearly. New anticancer drugs have been developed as our understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind diverse solid tumors, and metastatic malignancies have increased. Plant-derived phytochemical compounds target different oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, protein channels, immune cells, protein channels, and pumps, which have attracted much attention for treating cancer in preclinical studies. Despite the anticancer capabilities of these phytochemical compounds, systemic toxicity, medication resistance, and limited absorption re

Gambogenic acid synergistically potentiates bortezomib-induced apoptosis in multiple myeloma.

Background: Although the introduction of protease inhibitor bortezomib (BTZ) and immunomodulatory agent lenalidomide has led to improved outcomes in patients with multiple myeloma (MM), the disease remains incurable. Gambogenic acid (GNA), a polyprenylated xanthone isolated from the traditional Chinese medicine gamboge, has been reported to have potent antitumor activity and can effectively inhibit the survival and proliferation of cancer. In this study, we hypothesized that GNA could synergistically potentiate BTZ-induced apoptosis of MM cells and that combining BTZ and GNA may provide a more

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… Several studies indicated that GNA could induce G1 arrest in lung cancer A549 cells 16 , 21 , 40 and breast cancer MCF-7 cells 22 , but the study conducted by Chen et al 19 confirmed that GNA can induce cell cycle arrest of MCF-7 cells at the G2/M phase. … The mechanism of neogambogic acid-induced apoptosis in human MCF-7 cells. Acta Bioch Bioph Sin. 2011;43:698–702. doi: 10.1093/abbs/gmr063. 23. Zhou J, Luo YH, Wang JR, Lu BB, Wang KM, Tian Y. Gambogenic acid induction of apoptosis in a breast cancer cell line. …

Oxymatrine Attenuates Tumor Growth and Deactivates STAT5 Signaling in a Lung Cancer Xenograft Model.

Oxymatrine (OMT) is a major alkaloid found in radix Sophorae flavescentis extract and has been reported to exhibit various pharmacological activities. We elucidated the detailed molecular mechanism(s) underlying the therapeutic actions of OMT in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells and a xenograft mouse model. Because the STAT5 signaling cascade has a significant role in regulating cell proliferation and survival in tumor cells, we hypothesized that OMT may disrupt this signaling cascade to exert its anticancer effects. We found that OMT can inhibit the constitutive activation of STAT5 by

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… Oxymatrine mediates Bax and Bcl-2 expression in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells. Pharmazie. 2016;71:154–157. 63. Wu J., Cai Y., Li M., Zhang Y., Li H., Tan Z. … Matrine inhibits breast cancer growth via miR-21/PTEN/Akt pathway in MCF-7 cells. Cell Physiol. Biochem. 2012;30:631–641. doi: 10.1159/000341444. 85. Dai Z.J., Gao J., Ji Z.Z., Wang X.J., Ren H.T., Liu X.X., Wu W.Y., Kang H.F., Guan H.T. …

Direct Intercellular Communications and Cancer: A Snapshot of the Biological Roles of Connexins in Prostate Cancer.

Tissue homeostasis is the result of a complex intercellular network controlling the behavior of every cell for the survival of the whole organism. In mammalian tissues, cells do communicate via diverse long- and short-range communication mechanisms. While long-range communication involves hormones through blood circulation and neural transmission, short-range communication mechanisms include either paracrine diffusible factors or direct interactions (e.g., gap junctions, intercellular bridges and tunneling nanotubes) or a mixture of both (e.g., exosomes). Tumor growth represents an alteration

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… For instance, treatment with macrophage conditioned medium not only enhances TNT formation between cells but also stimulates the release of cytoplasmic fragments, referred to as microplasts, from MCF-7 cells through formation of TNT-like structures [ 47 ]. … Macrophage conditioned medium induced cellular network formation in MCF-7 cells through enhanced tunneling nanotube formation and tunneling nanotube mediated release of viable cytoplasmic fragments. Exp. Cell Res. 2017;355:182–193. doi: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.04.008. 48. …

Effects of three flavonoids from an ancient traditional Chinese medicine Radix puerariae on geriatric diseases.

As the worldwide population ages, the morbidity of neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and endocrine diseases, such as diabetes and osteoporosis, continues to increase. The etiology of geriatric diseases is complex, involving the interaction of genes and the environment, which makes effective treatment challenging. Traditional Chinese medicine, unlike Western medicine, uses diverse bioactive ingredients to target multiple signaling pathways in geriatric diseases. Radix puerariae is one of the most widely used ancient traditional Chinese medicines and is also consumed as food. T

A Preclinical Evaluation of the Antitumor Activities of Edible and Medicinal Mushrooms: A Molecular Insight.

Cancer is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality around the globe. For certain types of cancer, chemotherapy drugs have been extensively used for treatment. However, severe side effects and the development of resistance are the drawbacks of these agents. Therefore, development of new agents with no or minimal side effects is of utmost importance. In this regard, natural compounds are well recognized as drugs in several human ailments, including cancer. One class of fungi, "mushrooms," contains numerous compounds that exhibit interesting biological activities, including antitumor activity

MicroRNAs and Chinese Medicinal Herbs: New Possibilities in Cancer Therapy.

In recent decades Chinese medicine has been used worldwide as a complementary and alternative medicine to treat cancer. Plenty of studies have shown that microRNAs (miRNAs) play fundamental roles in many pathological processes, including cancer, while the anti-cancer mechanisms of Chinese medicinal herbs targeting miRNAs also have been extensively explored. Our previous studies and those of others on Chinese medicinal herbs and miRNAs in various cancer models have provided a possibility of new cancer therapies, for example, up-regulating the expression of miR-23a may activate the positive regu

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… . | [ 33 ] Matrine | MCF-7 cells | miR-21 | Anti-proliferation | PTEN | [ 49 ] HepG2 and Hep3B cells | | Induce apoptosis | | [ 34 ] Aidi Injection | MCF-7 cells | mir-126 | Anti-proliferation | Undiscovered. | [ 53 ] Ganoderma spore lipid | SPC-A1 cells | miR-21 | Anti-proliferation | PTEN, PDCD4 … Matrine inhibits breast cancer growth via miR-21/PTEN/Akt pathway in MCF-7 cells. Cell. Physiol. Biochem. Int. J. Exp. Cell. Physiol. Biochem. Pharmacol. 2012;30:631–641. doi: 10.1159/000341444. 50. Xu H.X., Huang X.E., Li Y., Li C.G., Tang J.H. …

Каннабиноиды в раке: Молекулярные механизмы смерти клеток и возможности перевода.

Каннабиноиды представляют собой терпенофенолические соединения, полученные из Cannabis sativa L., которые осуществляют широкий спектр биологической и фармакологической деятельности. Растущие данные свидетельствуют об их потенциале как модуляторов развития рака, особенно посредством подавления роста клеток опухоли, ангиогенеза и метастаза в различных моделях опухоли. В настоящем обзоре содержится всеобъемлющий обзор молекулярных механизмов, с помощью которых природные и синтетические каннабиноиды вызывают регулируемую смерть раковых клеток. Текущие данные свидетельствуют о том, что каннабиноиды

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… Interestingly, a 3:1 THC-CBD mixture led to the activation of mitochondrial and caspase-dependent apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells. … At the highest treatment concentration (17.5 µg/mL), cleaved PARP protein levels increased approximately 2- and 3.5-fold in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells, respectively. …

Micronutrient Status and Breast Cancer: A Narrative Review.

Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide, at the same time being one of the most prevalent causes of women's death. Many factors such as alcohol, weight fluctuations, or hormonal replacement therapy can potentially contribute to breast cancer development and progression. Another important factor in breast cancer onset includes micronutrient status. In this narrative review, we analyzed 23 micronutrients and their possible influence on breast cancer onset and progression. Further, the aim of this study was to investigate the impact of micronutrient status on the prevention of b

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… Gloria et al. reported the apoptotic effect of carotenoid intake in a group of MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-235, and MCF-7 cell lines. … Studies have shown that a potassium–ascorbic acid combination significantly radically reduces the growth of MCF-7 cells in vitro [ 252 ]. 3.14. Phosphorus Phosphorus’ daily intake should be approximately 700 mg/day; it is contained in protein-rich foods [ 253 ]. …

Bioactivities and Mechanisms of Action of Sinomenine and Its Derivatives: A Comprehensive Review.

Sinomenine, an isoquinoline alkaloid extracted from the roots and stems of Sinomenium acutum, has been extensively studied for its derivatives as bioactive agents. This review concentrates on the research advancements in the biological activities and action mechanisms of sinomenine-related compounds until November 2023. The findings indicate a broad spectrum of pharmacological effects, including antitumor, anti-inflammation, neuroprotection, and immunosuppressive properties. These compounds are notably effective against breast, lung, liver, and prostate cancers, exhibiting IC50 values of appro

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… Gao et al. found that SIN (4 μM) reduced PCNA, CyclinD1, and CDK4, increased p16, and increased cleaved-caspase-3/-9 in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells by elevating miR-29, leading to the downregulation of p-JNK, p-MEK, and p-ERK, ultimately inhibiting the proliferation, migration, and invasion of breast … Li and team reported that SH exhibited anti-tumor effects against MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells with IC 50 values of 1.33 mM and 1.51 mM, respectively. It induced G0/G1 phase arrest, decreased cyclin D1, cyclin E, CDK4, MCM7, and p-Rb, and increased p21 and p27. …

Current Advances in Coptidis Rhizoma for Gastrointestinal and Other Cancers.

Cancer is a serious disease with an increasing number of reported cases and high mortality worldwide. Gastrointestinal cancer defines a group of cancers in the digestive system, e.g., liver cancer, colorectal cancer, and gastric cancer. Coptidis Rhizoma (C. Rhizoma; Huanglian, in Chinese) is a classical Chinese medicinal botanical drug for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders and has been shown to have a wide variety of pharmacological activity, including antifungal, antivirus, anticancer, antidiabetic, hypoglycemic, and cardioprotective effects. Recent studies on C. Rhizoma present sig

Research progress on the anti-cancer mechanisms of edible salty-flavored Chinese materia medica.

Edible salty-flavored Chinese materia medica (ESCM) refers to a category of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) that also serve as food, characterized by their salty flavor. According to the TCM theory, ESCM can soften and disperse knots, thus potentially offering benefits for cancer prevention and treatment. With cancer remaining a major global health challenge, its primary prevention strategies, especially through dietary modification, are crucial. ESCM have recently garnered substantial attention, due to their remarkable clinical efficacy and low side-effect profile. Researches on ESCM demon

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… Chrysin can effectively inhibit the growth rate of human cervical cancer Hela cells and human breast cancer MCF-7 cells through inducing apoptosis ( Geng et al., 2022 ; Xue et al., 2016 ). … Quercetin has been shown to significantly downregulate Bcl-2 expression and upregulate Bax expression in MCF-7 cells, thereby inducing mitochondrial apoptosis. …

Recent progress on the effects of microRNAs and natural products on tumor epithelial-mesenchymal transition.

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a biological process of phenotypic transition of epithelial cells that can promote physiological development as well as tissue healing and repair. In recent years, cancer researchers have noted that EMT is closely related to the occurrence and development of tumors. When tumor cells undergo EMT, they can develop enhanced migration and local tissue invasion abilities, which can lead to metastatic growth. Nevertheless, two researches in NATURE deny its necessity in specific tumors and that is discussed in this review. The degree of EMT and the detection

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… Transducing miR-300 inhibitor in low-metastatic HN-4 and MCF-7 cells could induce EMT, but miR-300 could reduce TWIST expression in highly metastatic HN-12 and MDA-MB-231 cells. … Breast cancer cell EMT in MDA-MB-231 cells and MCF-7 cells is significantly inhibited by 3,6-dihydroxyflavone, by downregulating TWIST, SLUG, SNAIL, and N-CAD expression while decreasing E-CAD. As a result, tumor invasion, migration, and stem cell formation were inhibited. …

Novel Strategies for Tumor Treatment: Harnessing ROS-Inducing Active Ingredients from Traditional Chinese Medicine Through Multifunctional Nanoformulations.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) encompass a diverse group of chemically reactive molecules or ions distinguished by their substantial oxidative potential. Empirical studies have shown that the targeted administration of high toxic concentrations of ROS can effectively induce tumor cell death in various types. Numerous bioactive ingredients derived from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), recognized for their ROS-inducing properties, have demonstrated significant anti-tumor activity. Nonetheless, their clinical application has been hindered by challenges such as low solubility, limited bioavailab

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… For instance, costunolide was found to enhance ROS levels in SK-BR-3 cells while inhibiting ROS elevation in MCF-7 cells. 61 In gastric cancer cells, costunolide demonstrated the capacity to modulate ROS accumulation, promote apoptosis, activate autophagy, and induce cell death through the inhibition … -7 cells through the inhibition of cellular autophagy and apoptosis mediated by the mitochondrial pathway. 230 Furthermore, Wang et al developed a self-assembled delivery system targeting ERα-positive breast tumors using a double-targeted approach involving quercetin-3’3-dithiodipropionic acid, astragalus …

Anticancer Properties of Plectranthus ornatus-Derived Phytochemicals Inducing Apoptosis via Mitochondrial Pathway.

Since cancer treatment by radio- and chemotherapy has been linked to safety concerns, there is a need for new and alternative anticancer drugs; as such, compounds isolated from plants represent promising candidates. The current study investigates the anticancer features of halimane (11R*,13E)-11-acetoxyhalima-5,13-dien-15-oic acid (HAL) and the labdane diterpenes 1α,6β-diacetoxy-8α,13R*-epoxy-14-labden-11-one (PLEC) and forskolin-like 1:1 mixture of 1,6-di-O-acetylforskolin and 1,6-di-O-acetyl-9-deoxyforskolin (MRC) isolated from Plectranthus ornatus in MCF7 and FaDu cancer cell lines. Cytotox