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[Clinical and genetic characteristics of 62 children with mitochondrial epilepsy].

Objective: To summarize the clinical and genetic characteristics of children with mitochondrial epilepsy. Methods: Clinical data of 62 child … s in 4 cases, absence seizure, atonic seizure and clonic seizure in 1 case each; 16 cases (26%) had status epilepticus, of whom 6 cases had epilepsia partialis continua; 52% (32/62) had 2 or more types of seizures. The clinical phenotypes were mitochondrial encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) in 29 cases, Leigh syndrome (LS) in 11 cases …

Aetiologies, neuroradiological features, and risk factors for mortality and long-term neurosequelae of febrile coma in Malawian children: a prospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Children in febrile coma in Africa are frequently hospitalised, with poorer outcomes than those in high-income settings. Cerebra … ions; and electroencephalography tracings were used identify subclinical seizures or non-convulsive status epilepticus. Assessment of malarial retinopathy was performed by a trained ophthalmologist. We used regression models to estimate risk factors for (and the difference in) 30-day mortality and 180-day neurosequelae (outcome assessed in-person) between children w …

Doxycycline for the treatment of nodding syndrome: a randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial.

BACKGROUND: Nodding syndrome is a poorly understood neurological disorder that predominantly occurs in Africa. We hypothesised that nodding … t therapy to antiseizure medication, as it might reduce fatal complications from acute seizures and status epilepticus induced by febrile infections. FUNDING: Medical Research Council (UK). TRANSLATION: For the Luo translation of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.

[Phenomenology and psychiatric origins of psychogenic non-epileptic seizures].

INTRODUCTION: Psychogenic nonepileptic seizure (PNES) is a sudden change in a person's behavior, perception, thinking, or feeling that is us … ic-clonic seizure, simple and complex partial seizure, myoclonic seizure, frontal lobe seizures and status epilepticus [3]. Coexistence of epilepsy and PNES is seen in approximately 9% of cases [5]. Between 25-30% of patients referred to tertiary centers and initially diagnosed as refractory epilepsy were on further examination diagnosed as PNES [6, 7]. In DSM-IV [1 …

Treatments for the prevention of Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy (SUDEP).

BACKGROUND: Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy (SUDEP) is defined as sudden, unexpected, witnessed or unwitnessed, non-traumatic or non-drowning death of people with epilepsy, with or without evidence of a seizure, excluding documented status epilepticus and in whom postmortem examination does not reveal a structural or toxicological cause for death. SUDEP has a reported incidence of 1 to 2 per 1000 patient years and represents the most common epilepsy-related cause of death. The presence and frequency of generalised tonic-clonic seizures (GTCS), male sex, early age of seizure onset, duration…

Antidepressants for people with epilepsy and depression.

BACKGROUND: Depressive disorders are the most common psychiatric comorbidity in people with epilepsy, affecting around one-third, with a sig … d change in seizure frequency (mean difference, proportion with a seizure recurrence, or episode of status epilepticus). Secondary outcomes included the number of participants who withdrew from the study and reasons for withdrawal, quality of life, cognitive functioning, and adverse events. Two review authors independently extracted data for each included study. We …

Antidepressants for people with epilepsy and depression.

BACKGROUND: Depressive disorders are the most common psychiatric comorbidity in patients with epilepsy, affecting around one-third, with a s … change in seizure frequency (mean difference or proportion with a seizure recurrence or episode of status epilepticus, or both). Secondary outcomes included the number of patients withdrawing from the study and reasons for withdrawal, as well as any adverse events. Two authors undertook data extraction separately for each included study. We then cross-checked the d …

Neurofilament light chain in serum of cancer patients with acute neurological complications.

Aim: Neurofilament light chain (NfL) is a nonspecific sensitive biomarker of axonal damage.Methods: This case series identified cancer patients with neurological complications who had serum NfL measurements and paired these results to outcomes.Results: NfL serum levels were available in 15 patients with hematological malignancies or solid tumors. The neurological complications studied were immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome, immune checkpoint inhibitor-related encephalopathy, anoxic brain injury, Guillain-Barre syndrome, hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, transverse myelit

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… Malignant status epilepticus continued, despite high-dose anesthesia and multiple seizure medications. The patient was transitioned to hospice care and died (see Supplementary Image S8). … Patient 1 improved rapidly with return of NfL levels to normal after treatment of nonconvulsive status epilepticus. Patient 2 who had normal NfL values also recovered after grade 3 ICANS. …

Toxicities of CAR T-cell therapy: a review of current literature.

The chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) design, first invented by Zelig Eshhar, paved the way for the use of genetically modified T-cells in targeted therapy against cancer cells. Since then, it has gone through many generations, especially with the integration of co-stimulation in the second and third-generation CARs. However, it also mounts a hyperactive immune response named as cytokine release syndrome with the release of several cytokines eventually resulting in multiple end-organ toxicities. The severity of cytokine release syndrome depends upon certain factors such as the tumor burden, choi

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… Some patients may develop nonconvulsive status epilepticus or convulsive status epilepticus regardless of the grade. … Similar treatment is followed in the case of the convulsive status epilepticus except that the dosage of lorazepam is increased and there is a constant electroencephalogram monitoring 12 . …

Unveiling the role of histone deacetylases in neurological diseases: focus on epilepsy.

Epilepsy remains a prevalent chronic neurological disease that is featured by aberrant, recurrent and hypersynchronous discharge of neurons and poses a great challenge to healthcare systems. Although several therapeutic interventions are successfully utilized for treating epilepsy, they can merely provide symptom relief but cannot exert disease-modifying effect. Therefore, it is of urgent need to explore other potential mechanism to develop a novel approach to delay the epileptic progression. Since approximately 30 years ago, histone deacetylases (HDACs), the versatile epigenetic regulators re

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… Role of HDACs in epilepsy Although the pathogenesis of epilepsy has not been fully established, excitotoxicity, oxidative stress and neuroinflammation are regarded as the triads of epileptogenesis, a process during which triggers of brain insults such as status epilepticus by chemoconvulsants, infection … Recent studies have revealed the elevation of SIRT1 in a rat model of status epilepticus, a common neurological emergency which is defined as a prolonged seizure with at least five minutes or multiple seizures with incomplete recovery of consciousness [ 117 ] and its neuroprotection is conducted via …

Treatments for the prevention of Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy (SUDEP).

BACKGROUND: This is an updated version of the original Cochrane Review, published in 2016, Issue 7. Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy (SUDEP) is defined as sudden, unexpected, witnessed or unwitnessed, non-traumatic or non-drowning death of people with epilepsy, with or without evidence of a seizure, excluding documented status epilepticus and in whom postmortem examination does not reveal a structural or toxicological cause for death. SUDEP has a reported incidence of 1 to 2 per 1000 patient-years and represents the most common epilepsy-related cause of death. The presence and frequency of …

Prognosis of adults and children following a first unprovoked seizure.

BACKGROUND: Epilepsy is clinically defined as two or more unprovoked epileptic seizures more than 24 hours apart. Given that, a diagnosis of … epileptic seizure (or cluster of epileptic seizures within a 24-hour period, or a first episode of status epilepticus), of any seizure type (overall prognosis). 2. To evaluate the mortality rate following a first unprovoked epileptic seizure. SEARCH METHODS: We searched the following databases on 19 September 2019 and again on 30 March 2021, with no language restr …

Синдром Нейро-Бехчета: доклад по делу.

Синдром Бехчета является системным васкулитом, характеризующимся повторяющимися оральными и генитальными язвами, увеитизмом и часто связанным с множественными системами органов. Неврологическое участие является редким осложнением синдрома Бехчета и связано со значительной заболеваемостью и смертностью. Синдром Neuro-Behchet (NBS) представляет собой сочетание неврологических проявлений у пациента с синдромом Бехчета, включая расстройства движения, миэлопатический синдром, внутричерепную гипертонию и многократную склероз-подобную презентацию. Диагноз NBS может быть проблематичным из-за широкого

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… While awaiting insurance authorization, a rapid response was called for status epilepticus. The patient was treated with 2 mg of lorazepam twice, followed by 1 g of levetiracetam for tonic-clonic seizures, which persisted for 10 minutes despite treatment. … NBS has been associated with parietal seizures, generalized tonic-clonic seizures, myoclonic jerks, epilepsia partialis continua, and status epilepticus [ 2 ]. …

Болезнь Селияка повышает риск множественного склероза: свидетельства из Менделиан Рэндомизации и роль CCL19.

Болезнь кишечника (CeD) — аутоиммунное расстройство, вызванное глютеном, в первую очередь воздействующее на маленький кишечник, но потенциально воздействующее на другие системы, включая нервную систему через ось кишечника. В рамках этого исследования была использована менделианская случайность (MR) для изучения причинно-следственных связей между CeD и несколькими неврологическими расстройствами с уделением особого внимания множественным склерозам (MS). Используя генетические данные из баз данных OpenGWAS и Finngen, мы применили различные методы MR, в том числе инверсивный вариансовый взвешенны

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… CeD on status epilepticus and stroke CeD on status epilepticus A total of 43 SNPs were selected for this two-way MR analysis, which aimed to investigate the potential causal relationship between CeD and SE. … (A, B) Mendelian randomization (MR) estimates between A celiac disease (CeD) and status epilepticus (SE) and B celiac disease and Stroke. Primary analysis (IVW) and sensitivity analysis (IVW-MRE, weighted median, MR-Egger, and RAPS) were utilized. …

Therapeutic potential of alpha-tocopherol in reducing oxidative stress and inflammatory damage after experimental traumatic brain injury and pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures.

The effects of alpha-tocopherol on seizure parameters, locomotor-cognitive functions, inflammatory response, oxidative stress response, histopathological changes, immunohistochemical parameters, and miRNA fold changes were investigated in rats with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced seizures. Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly divided into three groups: Control (n = 8), TBI + PTZ (n = 10), and TBI + PTZ + tocopherol (n = 10). After inducing TBI in animals using the weight-drop method, increased post-injury seizure susceptibility was achieved by administering s

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… However, some effects on neuroglial and neuronal markers affected by status epilepticus were also observed in seizure-free rats. … In an experimental study on status epilepticus, 4 days of alpha-tocopherol treatment, initiated immediately after status epilepticus, was found to reduce the expression of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α (Ambrogini et al. 2014 ). …

Assessing and Management of Neurotoxicity After CAR-T Therapy in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma.

Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy represents the most important advances in cancer immunotherapy, especially in hematological malignancies such as B-cell lymphomas. CAR-T cell therapy has significant activity in poor risk B-cell lymphomas. CAR-T cell therapy is associated with potentially life-threatening toxicities such as cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and neurotoxicity (NT). While CRS pathophysiology and management are well established, the understanding and treatment of NT continues to develop. All current CAR-T products approved for DLBCL have been associated with NT with

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… epilepticus, or new motor weakness Notes: Data from reference. 8 *As noted on Table 2 ; **Papilledema grading according to modified Frisén scale. 12 Abbreviations: CAR, chimeric antigen receptor; CARTOX-10, CAR-T-cell-therapy-associated toxicity 10-point neurological assessment; N/A, non-applicable; … CSF should be assessed for chemistry, cytology, microbiology and virology. 11 , 24 , 28 , 33 EEG is recommended even with low-grade ICANS and in patients with seizures or suspected non-convulsive status epilepticus. …

Recognition and management of early complications in CAR-T cell therapy and virus-specific T-lymphocyte therapy: a practical clinical reference.

BACKGROUND: Cellular immunotherapies-including chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapies and adoptive transfer of virus-specific T lymphocytes (VSTs) - have transformed the treatment of refractory hematological malignancies and post-transplant infectious complications. Eight products are currently authorized by the European Medicines Agency, encompassing seven autologous CAR-T products targeting CD19 or BCMA and tabelecleucel (Ebvallo), the first approved allogeneic off-the-shelf EBV-specific T-cell product for EBV-positive post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease. Despite their cl

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… Neurology consultation and an EEG to exclude non-convulsive status epilepticus should be considered from grade 2, and brain MRI should be obtained whenever focal signs, seizures, or failure to improve raise the possibility of a structural or alternative cause. … For convulsive status epilepticus, seek urgent advice from a neurologist. For management of raised intracranial pressure, elevate the head of the bed, set ventilatory settings to hyperventilation, and consider hyperosmolar therapy with mannitol. …

Abstracts - IANCON 2024

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… Twelve of these 35 (34%) patients were found to be in status epilepticus. The duration of hospital stay decreased from 15.4 to 11.5 days ( P = 0.125) and from 18.3 to 14.1 days ( P < 0.001) in Group A and Group B, respectively, compared to the control group. … Background and Aim: New-onset refractory status epilepticus (NORSE) is a relatively new entity. …

Обзор необщей внеэпиптической центральной нервной системы (СКС) симптомов заражения вирусом гепатита С (ГКВ): доклад по делу.

Цель настоящего доклада состоит в том, чтобы пролить свет на все более описываемый сценарий внеэптических проявлений центральной нервной системы (СНС) инфекции гепатита С (ГКВ). Мы представляем возможный редкий случай острого распространенного энцефаломиэлита, который проявляется как повреждения кольца на магнитно-резонансной съемке (MRI) в исследовании головы, проведенном на джентльмене в возрасте 50 лет, который представил в больницу неврологические характеристики, с явной демонстрацией рипонуклеиновой кислоты (RNA) в пробах цереброспайнальной жидкости пациента. Был также рассмотрен вопрос о

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… He was noted to have a high viral load and was admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) from a medical ward for a status epilepticus. … epilepticus (multiple recurrent seizure episodes with no full wakefulness in-between, total period lasting about 40 minutes despite an 8 mg total dose of intravenous lorazepam and 1.75 g of intravenous sodium valproate administered). …

Review of the Longitudinal Management of Autoimmune Encephalitis, Potential Biomarkers, and Novel Therapeutics.

Purpose of reviewIncreasing awareness and earlier diagnosis of autoimmune encephalitis (AE) have led to a greater number of patients being cared for longitudinally by neurologists. Although many neurologists are now familiar with the general approach to diagnosis and acute immunosuppression, this review aims to provide neurologists with guidance related to management beyond the acute phase of disease, including long-term immunosuppression, monitoring, potential biomarkers of disease activity, outcome measures, and symptom management.Recent findingsObservational studies in AE have demonstrated

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… Figure 2 Occipital Hypometabolism in NMDARe Flurodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT of the brain showing marked occipital hypometabolism (arrows) in an adolescent male with new onset refractory status epilepticus and anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) IgG encephalitis. … EEG abnormalities seen in AE are heterogenous and include focal epileptiform discharges, slowing or seizures over the temporal lobes, extreme delta-brush pattern in anti-NMDARe, e26 multifocal epileptiform discharges or seizures, subclinical seizures, and/or nonconvulsive status epilepticus. e26,e27 …