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Cytokine-Engineered Chimeric Antigen Receptor-T Cell Therapy: How to Balance the Efficacy and Toxicity.

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell immunotherapy has revolutionized the paradigm in hematological malignancies. However, its efficacy in treating solid tumors remains limited because the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (ITME) seriously blocks T cell activation, infiltration, and proliferation. Cytokines, driving potent assisted function by enhanced T cell expansion, persistence, and direct tumor cell killing, have long been acknowledged as promising candidates combined with CAR-T cells to improve treatment outcomes. Despite their preclinical success, significant toxicity occurs in

Estimation of minimally important differences and responder definitions for EORTC QLQ-MY20 scores in multiple myeloma patients.

OBJECTIVES: Thresholds for the minimally important difference (MID) or responder definition (RD) in health-related quality-of-life (HRQoL) scores are required to interpret the impact of an intervention or change in the trajectory of the condition which is meaningful to patients. This study aimed to establish MID and RD for the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Multiple Myeloma questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-MY20). METHODS: A novel mixed-methods approach was applied by utilizing both existing clinical trial data and prospective patient interviews. Anchor-base

A Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial Comparing Effects of Qigong and Exercise/Nutrition Training on Fatigue and Other Outcomes in Female Cancer Survivors.

Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is a common and burdensome, often long-term side effect of cancer and its treatment. Many non-pharmacological treatments have been investigated as possible CRF therapies, including exercise, nutrition, health/psycho-education, and mind-body therapies. However, studies directly comparing the efficacy of these treatments in randomized controlled trials are lacking. To fill this gap, we conducted a parallel single blind randomized controlled pilot efficacy trial with women with CRF to directly compare the effects of Qigong (a form of mind-body intervention) (n = 11) t

Pressure injury risk assessment for palliative care patients in the acute hospital setting: a scoping review.

BackgroundHospitalised palliative care patients are at risk of pressure injury. The development of pressure injuries causes physical and psychological distress for patients. Therefore, the prevention of hospital-acquired pressure injury is a nursing priority. The first step in prevention is conducting a risk assessment, which should be population-specific. In Australia, four palliative care phases guide care planning for appropriate clinical management of palliative care patients. In phases 1-3, the palliative patient cohort is based on acute care, where patients require medical treatment and/

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… The scale consists of eight risk factor items (Physical activity, Mobility, Food intake/nutrition, Incontinence/moisture, Friction/shearing, Sensory perception, Weight/body constitution, Type of skin). Each risk factor item is scored to determine the level of risk for PI development. … Although, the risk factor item ‘Weight/body constitution’ is clustered with the ‘Food intake/nutrition’ item. …

Salivary signature in forensic profiling: A scoping review.

BackgroundSaliva has recently served as a primary investigative tool in forensics in the detection of crime, cases of sexual assaults, human and animal bite marks, poisoning, hormone identification, and alcohol and drug abuse.AimThis scoping review aimed to comprehensively identify the role of saliva in comparative and reconstructive identification and propose the concept of salivary signature (SS) in forensics.MethodologyA literature search was performed on electronic databases, PubMed and Google Scholar with keywords, "salivary," "microbiome," and "forensics," and relevant articles identifie

Вирусы и "Мозг-отношение к беде".

Неврологические расстройства, некоторые из которых связаны с вирусными инфекциями, растут из-за старения и увеличения численности населения. Несмотря на крепкую защиту центральной нервной системы, некоторые вирусы эволюционировали, чтобы пробить их, что часто приводит к ужасным последствиям. В этом обзоре мы рассказываем о различных способах проникновения различных вирусов в ЦНС и о последствиях таких вторжений. Последствия могут проявляться в виде острых заболеваний, таких, как энцефалит, менингит, или приводить к долгосрочным последствиям, таким, как нервно - мышечная дисфункция, как это име

Liquid biopsies in myeloid malignancies.

Hematologic malignancies are the most common type of cancer affecting children and young adults, and encompass diseases, such as leukemia, lymphoma, and myeloma, all of which impact blood associated tissues such as the bone marrow, lymphatic system, and blood cells. Clinical diagnostics of these malignancies relies heavily on the use of bone marrow samples, which is painful, debilitating, and not free from risks for leukemia patients. Liquid biopsies are based on minimally invasive assessment of markers in the blood (and other fluids) and have the potential to improve the efficacy of diagnosti

Case Report: Uremia secondary to acute pyelonephritis in a patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

We report a 58-year-old male patient with acute kidney injury (AKI), who eventually developed anuria secondary to acute tubulointerstitial nephritis (ATIN) following acute pyelonephritis. Our patient had a 10-year history of type 2 diabetes mellitus, with an admission glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level of 6.3% and no prior history of renal disease. Before admission, he presented with painless gross hematuria and fever. Escherichia coli was detected in the urine culture at the local hospital, and anti-infective normalized his temperature, but urine output progressively decreased to anuria. After

Orbital Plasmacytoma as Initial Presentation of Multiple Myeloma.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematologic malignancy characterized by clonal proliferation of plasma cells in the bone marrow. It represents approximately 10% of hematologic malignancies and is the most common primary bone malignancy. This disease usually occurs between the ages of 40 and 70, although it is more frequently seen in patients over 65 years of age. On the other hand, extramedullary plasmacytoma-related diseases have a global annual incidence of three per 100,000 people. Orbital involvement in MM is considered rare. Orbital plasmacytomas represent less than 1% of all orbital lesions,

Лекция Barancik Award: Многодисциплинарные исследования будут ключом к остановке, восстановлению и окончанию MS.

За последние 25 лет мы добились небывалых успехов в понимании патогенеза MS и последующем развитии эффективных методов лечения. Совместные усилия в области генетики позволили выявить связь 236 общих вариантов ДНК с подверженностью болезням и первую связь с серьезностью заболеваний, что проложило путь к более эффективной терапии, особенно для прогрессивных форм заболевания. Параллельно и в дополнение к уже существующим экологическим заболеваниям, вызывающим или изменяющим себя, новая совместная работа выявила новые связи с компонентами кишечного микробиома. Это исследование открыло новую и захв

Euthanasia as a safeguard for living: Anticipation and incurable cancer in a Colombian context.

This article builds on years of ethnographic conversations I sustained with my father, 89, who lives in Colombia. Soon after getting diagnosed with an incurable Multiple Myeloma-a cancer known for unleashing prolonged and painful agonies-he withdrew from oncology treatments and secured access to euthanasia (assisted-dying) on his own, bypassing medico-insurance guidelines created to regulate this medical practice and prevent abuses. Eight years after withdrawing treatments, my dad is still alive. His case shines a light on how securing access to euthanasia may have had unintended therapeutic e

Hydrogels-Assisted Cell Engraftment for Repairing the Stroke-Damaged Brain: Chimera or Reality.

The use of advanced biomaterials as a structural and functional support for stem cells-based therapeutic implants has boosted the development of tissue engineering applications in multiple clinical fields. In relation to neurological disorders, we are still far from the clinical reality of restoring normal brain function in neurodegenerative diseases and cerebrovascular disorders. Hydrogel polymers show unique mechanical stiffness properties in the range of living soft tissues such as nervous tissue. Furthermore, the use of these polymers drastically enhances the engraftment of stem cells as w

Частые связи злокачественных эфлуаций в плазмбластической лимфоме: единый институциональный опыт nine дела на Тайване.

ЦЕЛЬ: Плазмабластическая лимфома (PBL) представляет собой редкую, агрессивную лимфому, для которой характерна дифференциация конечной клетки B. На Западе PBL обычно встречается у пациентов с иммунодефицитными расстройствами, в частности в результате инфекции вируса иммунодефицита человека (ВИЧ). Мы изучили клинопатологические особенности PBL в одном институте на Тайване, где ВИЧ-инфекция встречается редко. МЕТОДЫ: В ходе этого ретроспективного обзора были выявлены случаи ПБД, которые рассматривались в одном институте на юге Тайваня в период между 2008 и 2024. Результаты: Мы определили nine (бо

Targeting Proteasomes in Cancer and Infectious Disease: A Parallel Strategy to Treat Malignancies and Microbes.

Essential core pathways of cellular biology are preserved throughout evolution, highlighting the importance of these pathways for both bacteria and human cancer cells alike. Cell viability requires a proper balance between protein synthesis and degradation in order to maintain integrity of the proteome. Proteasomes are highly intricate, tightly regulated multisubunit complexes that are critical to achieve protein homeostasis (proteostasis) through the selective degradation of misfolded, redundant and damaged proteins. Proteasomes function as the catalytic core of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathw

Obesity in achondroplasia patients: from evidence to medical monitoring.

Achondroplasia is a rare genetic disease representing the most common form of short-limb dwarfism. It is characterized by bone growth abnormalities that are well characterized and by a strong predisposition to abdominal obesity for which causes are unknown. Despite having aroused interest at the end of the 20 h century, there are still only very little data available on this aspect of the pathology. Today, interest is rising again, and some studies are now proposing mechanistic hypotheses and guidance for patient management. These data confirm that obesity is a major health problem in achondro

Homoharringtonine induces apoptosis and inhibits STAT3 via IL-6/JAK1/STAT3 signal pathway in Gefitinib-resistant lung cancer cells.

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are mostly used in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment. Unfortunately, treatment with Gefitinib for a period of time will result in drug resistance and cause treatment failure in clinic. Therefore, exploring novel compounds to overcome this resistance is urgently required. Here we investigated the antitumor effect of homoharringtonine (HHT), a natural compound extracted from Cephalotaxus harringtonia, on Gefitinib-resistant NSCLC cell lines in vitro and in vivo. NCI-H1975 cells with EGFR T790M mutation are more sensitive to HHT treatment compared with

Beyond Numbers: Uses and Value of In-Trial Interview Data for Regulatory and Health Technology Assessment (HTA) Decision Making.

This research explores the growing importance of qualitative in-trial research (ITR) in regulatory and health technology assessment (HTA) decision making. Since 2020, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and European Medicines Agency (EMA) have emphasized incorporating patient experience data into drug development and approval. We reviewed regulatory guidance documents, drug approval records, and HTA reports from January 2017 to March 2025. This included labels and reviews for new drug applications from the FDA and EMA, the Patient-Focused Drug Development guidance series, guidance on rare d

Monitoring residues of pesticides in food in Brazil: A multiscale analysis of the main contaminants, dietary cancer risk estimative and mechanisms associated.

IntroductionPesticides pose a risk for cancer development and progression. People are continuously exposed to such substances by several routes, including daily intake of contaminated food and water, especially in countries that are highly pesticide consumers and have very permissive legislation about pesticide contamination as Brazil. This work investigated the relationship among pesticides, food contamination, and dietary cancer risk.MethodsAnalyzed two social reports from the Brazilian Government: the Program for Analysis of Residues of Pesticides in Food (PARA) and The National Program for

Multiple Myeloma (Part 2) - Update on The Approach to Bone Disease.

The increase in life expectancy of the world population has led to a concomitant increase in the prevalence of multiple myeloma (MM), a disease that usually affects the elderly population. Bone lesions are frequent in patients with this condition, demanding an early approach, from drug treatment, through radiotherapy to orthopedic surgery (prophylactic or therapeutic) with the objective of preventing or delaying the occurrence of fracture, or, when this event has already occurred, treat it through stabilization or replacement (lesions located in the appendicular skeleton) and/or promote stabil

Idiopathic Multicentric Castleman Disease with Cutaneous Manifestation: Case Report.

Castleman disease constitutes a rare class of lymphoproliferative disorders, with an estimated incidence of 21 to 25 per million patient years. The idiopathic subtype exhibits a significantly diverse clinical presentation, which can imitate many autoimmune, malignant, and infectious diseases. Cutaneous manifestations are uncommon and require in-depth investigation, especially when concurrent lymphadenopathy is present. A 79-year-old female, with a chronic, complicated erysipelas-like lesion, presented with bilaterally enlarged inguinal lymph nodes; after surgical excision, their histopathologi