Результаты поиска

Examining Potential Mediators of the Relationship Between Developmental Language Disorder and Executive Function Performance in Preschoolers.

PURPOSE: The goal of this study was to examine potential mediators of the relationship between developmental language disorder (DLD) status and executive function performance. METHOD: Participants included preschoolers, of whom 80 met the diagnostic criteria for DLD and 103 were categorized as having typical language abilities. Participants' nonverbal IQ and receptive vocabulary were assessed via standardized tests, and their executive function was tested using the Dimensional Change Card Sort. Maternal education was collected via caregiver report and served as a measure of socioeconomic stat…

Dynamic Assessment of Inflectional Morphology as a Diagnostic Tool for Developmental Language Disorder in French-Speaking Children.

PURPOSE: This study aims to investigate the learning potential of French-speaking children, either with typical development (TD) or with developmental language disorder (DLD), when learning an invented inflectional morphological rule. We tested the children's performance in learning pseudomorphemes of gender and number with dynamic assessment tasks. METHOD: A total of 101 children with TD and 24 with DLD (Mage = 6;4 [years;months]) were recruited. The gender and number morphological tasks followed the same procedure, with (a) the introduction of a pseudoverb (PV) to describe the action of som…

Speech and Language Therapy in Mental Health Care of Children. Part 1: the areas of research and practice.

OBJECTIVES: The article is the first part of a study aimed at characterizing speech-language therapy care in mental health care of children. It concerns the areas of research and practice. METHODS: The research has an exploratory character. The secondary qualitative analysis of archive data collected from my SLT practice with preschool age children was used. RESULTS: Preschool children experience a variety of speech, language and communication disorders associated with mental health problems. SLT needs may result from: mental disorders in various stages of their course, prodromal and subclin…

Evaluating the Efficacy of Large Language Models for Dizzy History Taking and Peripheral Vestibular Disorder Diagnosis.

ImportanceVertigo accounts for one of the most frequent presenting symptoms in primary care. However, complexities in differential diagnoses and reliance on clinical history contribute to frequent specialist referrals and diagnostic delays. Large language models (LLMs), like LLaMA-3.1-8B, offer new potential for assisting in clinical decision-making.ObjectiveTo assess the utility of a small-scale, open-source LLM in diagnosing peripheral vestibular disorders (PVDs), and evaluate the impact of synthetic data augmentation on diagnostic accuracy.DesignRetrospective chart review.Setting/Participan…

Воздействие ограничений на восприятие и язык на вирологическую реакцию на ежедневный подкожный булевирит в гепатите D.

БОЛЕВИРИТИД (BLV) является единственной утвержденной терапией для хронического гепатита D (CHD) и компенсирующей болезни печени. Ежедневная подкожная инъекция и потребность в охлаждении могут создавать трудности, особенно у пациентов с ограниченным знанием языка. АИСЮ: Оценка сообщаемого пациентами обращения с ПЗВ и степени удовлетворенности и связи с вирологической реакцией. МЕТОДЫ: Оценка пациентов, получающих ПЗВ, проводилась с использованием структурированного вопросника по подготовке к инъекции, управлению, холодильному оборудованию, неблагоприятным последствиям и знанию языка. Вирологиче

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
BACKGROUND: Bulevirtide (BLV) is the only approved therapy for chronic hepatitis D (CHD) and compensated liver disease. Daily subcutaneous injection and the need for refrigeration may pose challenges, especially in patients with limited language proficiency. AIMS: Assessment of patient-reported BLV handling and satisfaction and association with virologic re…

Связь языковых особенностей от спонтанной речи до объективной и субъективной когниции у людей с множественным склерозом.

СВЯЗЬ: Лингвистическая дисфункция широко распространена при множественном склерозе (МС). Речевой анализ с использованием автоматизированных методов дает возможность выявлять тонкие когнитивные изменения путем количественного определения языковых особенностей, полученных в результате спонтанной речи, легко приобретенной, натуралистической меры, которая может быть косвенной общей когнитивной функции. ЦЕЛИ: Определение связей между языковыми особенностями и объективным и субъективным признаком (первичным), настроением и усталостью (вторичным) и оценка различий.МЕТОДЫ: Участники, имеющие MS и конт

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
BACKGROUND: Language dysfunction is common in multiple sclerosis (MS). Speech analysis utilizing automated techniques offers potential for detecting subtle cognitive changes through quantification of language features derived from spontaneous speech, an easily acquired, naturalistic measure that may be a proxy of general cognitive function. OBJECTIVES: To d…

Plain language summary of the FOENIX-CCA2 study: futibatinib for people with advanced bile duct cancer.

WHAT IS THIS SUMMARY ABOUT?: This summary describes the results from a phase 2 study called FOENIXCCA2. The study evaluated treatment with futibatinib in people with a rare form of advanced bile duct cancer called intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (or iCCA), where the tumors have changes in the structure of a gene called FGFR2. These changes include FGFR2 gene fusions. Bile duct cancer often returns after surgery or cannot be treated by surgery because the tumor has spread, so it requires treatment with chemotherapy. People live for a median of 1 year after their first chemotherapy treatment and

Comparative analysis of NAFLD-related health videos on TikTok: a cross-language study in the USA and China.

BACKGROUND: The incidence of Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in China and USA is extremely high and rising. TikTok has become a po … gorithm may limit access to high-quality health videos, and further research on other platforms and languages is necessary.

The Optimization of a Natural Language Processing Approach for the Automatic Detection of Alzheimer's Disease Using GPT Embeddings.

The development of noninvasive and cost-effective methods of detecting Alzheimer's disease (AD) is essential for its early prevention and mitigation. We optimize the detection of AD using natural language processing (NLP) of spontaneous speech through the use of audio enhancement techniques and novel transcription methodologies. Specifically, we utilized Boll Spectral Subtraction to improve audio fidelity and created transcriptions using state-of-the-art AI services-locally-based Wav2Vec and Whisper, alongside cloud-based IBM Cloud and Rev AI-evaluating their performance against traditional ma…

Ravulizumab in adults and children with atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome: a plain language summary of three studies.

WHAT IS THIS SUMMARY ABOUT?: This summary gives an overview of three published articles that report the results of research studies of ravulizumab, an approved treatment for people with atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (often shortened to aHUS). This is a rare and serious condition where blood clots form in small blood vessels. Blood vessels are structures that transport blood around the body. Blood clots are the body's way of stopping someone from bleeding too much. However, if they form when they are not needed, they can cause harm. In atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome, the blood clots ca

Writing in Elementary Students With Language-Based Learning Disabilities: A Pilot Study to Examine Feasibility and Promise.

PURPOSE: Although children with language-based learning disabilities (LLD) demonstrate significant difficulties with writing, empirical evidence to support interventions is sparse. Therefore, the purpose of this pilot study was to examine the feasibility and promise of a writing intervention for fourth- and fifth-grade students with LLD (WILLD: writing in students with LLD). The intervention components included word-, sentence-, and discourse-level writing processes and instructional practices using self-regulation strategies. METHOD: Participants for this study were 15 students with LLD, rec…

The Predict4All open-source word prediction and word correction engine in French language: a feasibility study.

PURPOSE: Information and communication technologies are crucial for social and professional integration, but access to technology can be difficult for people with physical impairments. Text entry can be slow and tiring. We developed a free and open-source module called Predict4All for use with AAC (augmentative/alternative communication) software in French language. It offers spelling error-tolerant word prediction. We aimed to evaluate the feasibility of using the system in people with learning or physical impairments and to perform a preliminary evaluation of its efficacy on spelling correct…

Can Artificial Intelligence "Hold" a Dermoscope?-The Evaluation of an Artificial Intelligence Chatbot to Translate the Dermoscopic Language.

This survey represents the first endeavor to assess the clarity of the dermoscopic language by a chatbot, unveiling insights into the interplay between dermatologists and AI systems within the complexity of the dermoscopic language. Given the complex, descriptive, and metaphorical aspects of the dermoscopic language, subjective interpretations often emerge. The survey evaluated the completeness and diagnostic efficacy of chatbot-generated reports, focusing on their role in facilitating accurate diagnoses and educational opportunities for novice dermatologists. A total of 30 participants were p…

The Acquisition of a Diglossic Language by Deaf and Hard of Hearing Students: Evidence From a Sentence Production Task.

PURPOSE: The current study aimed to examine morphosyntactic errors in sentences produced by DHH students, who are signers of Israeli Sign Language, and also users of Palestinian Colloquial Arabic (PCA) and written Modern Standard Arabic (MSA). METHOD: Nineteen school-age DHH students participated in a sentence elicitation task in which they retold events portrayed in 24 videos in PCA and MSA. A control group of 19 hearing students was tested with the same task. Sentences in each language variety were coded for grammatical versus ungrammatical productions and for type of morphosyntactic errors…

A Large Language Model Outperforms Other Computational Approaches to the High-Throughput Phenotyping of Physician Notes.

High-throughput phenotyping, the automated mapping of patient signs and symptoms to standardized ontology concepts, is essential for realizing value from electronic health records (EHR) in support of precision medicine. Despite technological advances, high-throughput phenotyping remains a challenge. This study compares three computational approaches to high-throughput phenotyping: a large language model (LLM) incorporating generative AI, a deep learning (DL) approach utilizing span categorization, and a machine learning (ML) approach with word embeddings. The LLM approach that implemented GPT-…

Performance and Reproducibility of Large Language Models in Named Entity Recognition: Considerations for the Use in Controlled Environments.

INTRODUCTION: Recent artificial intelligence (AI) advances can generate human-like responses to a wide range of queries, making them a useful tool for healthcare applications. Therefore, the potential use of large language models (LLMs) in controlled environments regarding efficacy, reproducibility, and operability will be of paramount interest. OBJECTIVE: We investigated if and how GPT 3.5 and GPT 4 models can be directly used as a part of a GxP validated system and compared the performance of externally hosted GPT 3.5 and GPT 4 against LLMs, which can be hosted internally. We explored zero-…

Positive effects of speech and language therapy group interventions in primary progressive aphasia: A systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Primary progressive aphasia (PPA) is a neurodegenerative condition characterised by a prominent and progressive deterioration in language abilities, which significantly impacts quality of life and interpersonal relationships. Speech and language therapy plays a crucial role in offering interventions. Group intervention is one mode of delivery that could benefit communication functioning and overall wellbeing of people with PPA (pwPPA) and their care partners. Group interventions are also more efficient than one-to-one intervention and may facilitate peer support. AIMS: The aim of …

Learning to produce and transcribe cardinal vowels: speech and language therapy students' perception of task difficulty.

Learning vowel transcription skills is crucial to function as a Speech and Language Therapist (SLT). However, vowel transcription is commonly regarded as particularly difficult and therefore often avoided. Despite the importance of accurate transcriptions, little is known about all the factors that influence the process of learning vowel transcription, which usually includes the learning of the Cardinal Vowel (CV) system. There are only a few studies that investigate how CVs are learnt and what factors lead to successful learning. The current study reports students' perceived difficulty of pro…

The agreement of phonetic transcriptions between paediatric speech and language therapists transcribing a disordered speech sample.

BACKGROUND: Speech and language therapists (SLTs) regularly use phonetic transcription to record and analyse typical and disordered speech. Phonetic transcription is highly demanding of auditory perceptual skills so researchers are sceptical about its accuracy and reliability. The literature describes how phonetic transcription is prone to auditory illusions and biases, such as a preference to transcribe speech sounds from the transcriber's own language. Few empirical research studies have calculated agreement amongst transcribers where a range of agreement scores have been reported (51%-97%).…

Why Language Matters in Digital Endpoint Development: Harmonized Terminology as a Key Prerequisite for Evidence Generation.

BACKGROUND: Developments in the field of digital measures and digitally derived endpoints demand greater attention on globally aligned appro … st-moving complex field; every day brings new technologies, algorithms, and possibilities. A common language is particularly important when working in multifunctional teams to ensure that there is a clear understanding of what is meant and understood. SUMMARY: In the paper, the EFPIA digital endpoint joint subgroup reviews the challenges facing teams work …