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Abstracts from the 13th International Conference for Healthcare and Medical Students (ICHAMS).

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… Results: Pooled male and female data revealed differences in the proportional abundances of Bacteroides coprophilus , Pseudoflavonifractor capillosus , Bacteroides caecimuris , and Akkermansia muciniphila between TgsAPPα and wildtype groups. …

Clostridium butyricum alleviates multiple myeloma by remodeling the bone marrow microenvironment and inhibiting PI3K/AKT pathway through the gut‒bone axis.

Emerging evidence reveals a strong connection between the gut microbiota and cancer. However, the exact role of gut microbiota dysbiosis in multiple myeloma (MM) is poorly understood, and the therapeutic potential of microbiota-targeted interventions represents a promising strategy that demands urgent mechanistic and translational investigation. First, we conducted a comprehensive microbiome-metabolite analysis between MM patients and healthy individuals. The result revealed a marked compositional difference characterized by reduced abundances of butyrate-producing bacteria and diminished buty

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… The metabolite indole-3-acetic acid of bacteroides ovatus improves atherosclerosis by restoring the polarisation balance of M1/M2 macrophages and inhibiting inflammation. Adv Sci. 2025;12(11):e2413010. doi: 10.1002/advs.202413010. 18. …

Производимые микробиотой иммунные регуляционные метаболиты желчных кислот контролируют автонепроницаемость центральной нервной системы.

Микробиота комменсового кишечника играет определенную роль в патогенезе внекишечных аутоиммунных заболеваний, таких как множественный склероз (MS) с неизвестными механизмами. Деоксихоловая кислота (DCA) и литохолическая кислота (LCA) представляют собой вторичные метаболиты желчных кислот (BAM), получаемые из первичных желчных кислот кишечными микробиотами, которые играют ключевые функции по регулированию иммунной системы путем поощрения дифференциации клеток FOXP3+, регулируемой Т (Treg), за счет клеток TH17. Здесь мы показываем, что бактерии, выделяющие ферменты, ответственные за вторичное пр

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… Different intestinal bacterial taxa from common genera such as Bacteroides , Eubacterium , and Clostridium release BSH that allows the deconjugation of taurine- and glycine-conjugated BAs. 15 At colonic level, unconjugated BAs are further modified by enteric commensals through different metabolic …

Sex- and Gender-Related Differences in Obesity: From Pathophysiological Mechanisms to Clinical Implications.

Obesity, primarily characterized by excessive fat accumulation, is a multifactorial chronic disease with an increasing global prevalence. Despite the well-documented epidemiology and significant advances in understanding its pathophysiology and clinical implications, the impact of sex is typically overlooked in obesity research. Worldwide, women have a higher likelihood to become obese compared to men. Although women are offered weight loss interventions more often and at earlier stages than men, they are more vulnerable to psychopathology. Men, on the other hand, are less likely to pursue wei

CAR-T cell therapy-related cytokine release syndrome and therapeutic response is modulated by the gut microbiome in hematologic malignancies.

Immunotherapy utilizing chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapy holds promise for hematologic malignancies, however, response rates and associated immune-related adverse effects widely vary among patients. Here we show, by comparing diversity and composition of the gut microbiome during different CAR-T therapeutic phases in the clinical trial ChiCTR1800017404, that the gut flora characteristically differs among patients and according to treatment stages, and might also reflect patient response to therapy in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (MM; n = 43), acute lympholastic leukemia

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… Moreover, in a recent study, taxonomic analysis by 16 S sequencing of the fecal microbiome showed that members of Ruminococcus , Faecalibacterium , and Bacteroides were associated with response to CD19 CAR-T cell therapy. …

Leveraging Dietary Interventions to Benefit Patients with Hematologic Malignancies and Clonal Hematopoiesis.

Diet is a modifiable factor that influences multiple pathways relevant to hematologic malignancy, including systemic inflammation, immune cell activity, gut microbiota composition, and cancer cell metabolism. Translation of preclinical findings into clinical practice for hematologic malignancies remains nascent, although momentum is building to evaluate dietary interventions as a component of supportive and disease-modifying care. This review examines the mechanistic rationale for dietary interventions across the spectrum of clonal hematologic disorders and synthesizes current clinical evidenc

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… In the murine model, fiber-deficient diets selectively favor mucin-degrading taxa such as Akkermansia muciniphila and Bacteroides caccae , with consequent thinning of the colonic mucus layer and increased pathogen susceptibility. …

Mucositis and Infection in Hematology Patients.

Survival in patients with hematological malignancies has improved over the years, both due to major developments in anticancer treatment, as well as in supportive care. Nevertheless, important and debilitating complications of intensive treatment regimens still frequently occur, including mucositis, fever and bloodstream infections. Exploring potential interacting mechanisms and directed therapies to counteract mucosal barrier injury is of the utmost importance if we are to continue to improve care for this increasingly growing patient population. In this perspective, I highlight recent advanc

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… Mucus-degrading Bacteroides link carbapenems to aggravated graft-versus-host disease Cell 2022 185 3705 3719 10.1016/j.cell.2022.09.007 36179667 PMC9542352 123. Qiu J. Ma Y. Qiu J. …

Curcumin Rewires the Tumor Metabolic Landscape: Mechanisms and Clinical Prospects.

Metabolic reprogramming is a fundamental hallmark and a key driver of malignant tumors. By reshaping glucose, lipid, and amino acid metabolism, as well as mitochondrial function, it sustains the abnormal proliferation and survival of tumor cells, making it a crucial target for anti-tumor therapy. Curcumin, a natural multi-target compound, exhibits unique advantages in intervening in tumor metabolic reprogramming due to its low toxicity and broad-spectrum regulatory properties. In various tumor models, it can directly modulate the activity of key glycolytic enzymes, such as hexokinase 2, lactat

Microbiota-derived metabolites as modulators of cancer immunotherapy response.

The microbiome is a key regulator of host homeostasis and immune activity, in part through the production of metabolites. These microbiota-derived metabolites can modulate both the innate and adaptive immune system, as well as directly target tumour cells, thereby regulating anti-tumour immunity and response to immunotherapy. Here, we describe the current mechanistic knowledge on how these metabolites exert their effects and outline the methodologies used to detect and assess these metabolites. Finally, we summarize microbiota-targeted therapies capable of improving microbial functionality to

Acute Pneumonia

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… TABLE 69-1A Causative Agents of Acute Pneumonia: Bacteria COMMON | UNCOMMON Streptococcus pneumoniae Staphylococcus aureus Haemophilus influenzae Mixed anaerobic bacteria (aspiration) Bacteroides spp. Fusobacterium spp. Peptostreptococcus spp. Peptococcus spp. Prevotella spp. …

Медицинский каннабис и признаки рака: критический обзор.

Онкология остаётся сложным и гетерогенным заболеванием, вызывающим значительную morbidity и mortality по всему миру, несмотря на продвижение в диагностике и лечении. Характерные черты онкологии раскрывают биологические механизмы, поддерживающие развитие опухолей и злокачественное эволюцию, а также помогают выявить потенциальные мишени для терапии. Медикаментозный кресс-масло в основном используется в онкологии для поддерживающей терапии, но растущее предклиническое доказательство указывает на взаимодействие с сигнальными путями, связанными с онкологией. Этот обзорный материал обобщает текущие

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… In contrast, in the human gut, cannabis use has been associated with an increase in Bacteroides species, related to inflammation and metabolic disorders [ 83 ]. …

The role of B2M in cancer immunotherapy resistance: function, resistance mechanism, and reversal strategies.

Immunotherapy has emerged as a preeminent force in the domain of cancer therapeutics and achieved remarkable breakthroughs. Nevertheless, the high resistance has become the most substantial impediment restricting its clinical efficacy. Beta-2 microglobulin (B2M), the light chain of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I, plays an indispensable part by presenting tumor antigens to cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) for exerting anti-tumor effects. Accumulating evidence indicates that B2M mutation/defect is one of the key mechanisms underlying tumor immunotherapy resistance. Therefore, eluci

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… It was found that the abundance of fecal bacteria for R group was conspicuously elevated in the FMT experiment of sterile mice, particularly with a marked enrichment of Bacteroides. …

Exploring the impact of m6A modification on immune diseases: mechanisms and therapeutic implication.

N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is a chemical modification of RNA and has become a widely discussed topic among scientific researchers in recent years. It is distributed in various organisms, including eukaryotes and bacteria. It has been found that m6A is composed of writers, erasers and readers and is involved in biological functions such as splicing, transport and translation of RNA. The balance of the human immune microenvironment is important for human health abnormalities. Increasing studies have found that m6A affects the development of immune diseases such as inflammatory enteritis and system

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… The relationship between enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and rectal cancer (CRC) has been investigated. They found that METTL14-mediated m 6 A regulated Th17 cell differentiation by mediating exosome miR-149-3p of cells in ETBF-treated cells ( 69 ). …

Current Advancement of Immunomodulatory Drugs as Potential Pharmacotherapies for Autoimmunity Based Neurological Diseases.

Dramatic advancement has been made in recent decades to understand the basis of autoimmunity-mediated neurological diseases. These diseases create a strong influence on the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS), leading to various clinical manifestations and numerous symptoms. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most prevalent autoimmune neurological disease while NMO spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is less common. Furthermore, evidence supports the presence of autoimmune mechanisms contributing to the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), which is a neurodeg

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… Fermentation is mostly mediated by Bifidobacterium , Eubacterium , Roseburia , Bacteroides , Lactobacillus , and Propionibacterium, which results in the production of metabolites including butyrate, acetate, and propionate short chain fatty acid (SCFAs) [ 185 ]. …

Gut-Bone Axis: A Non-Negligible Contributor to Periodontitis.

Periodontitis is a polymicrobial infectious disease characterized by alveolar bone loss. Systemic diseases or local infections, such as diabetes, postmenopausal osteoporosis, obesity, and inflammatory bowel disease, promote the development and progression of periodontitis. Accumulating evidences have revealed the pivotal effects of gut microbiota on bone health via gut-alveolar-bone axis. Gut pathogens or metabolites may translocate to distant alveolar bone via circulation and regulate bone homeostasis. In addition, gut pathogens can induce aberrant gut immune responses and subsequent homing o

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… In addition, the genus Bacteroides and family Rikenellaceae were linked with high risk of fracture and low BMD in Japanese postmenopausal women ( Ozaki et al., 2021 ). …

Oxidative Stress Linking Obesity and Cancer: Is Obesity a 'Radical Trigger' to Cancer?

Obesity is on the rise worldwide, and consequently, obesity-related non-communicable diseases are as well. Nutritional overload induces metabolic adaptations in an attempt to restore the disturbed balance, and the byproducts of the mechanisms at hand include an increased generation of reactive species. Obesity-related oxidative stress causes damage to vulnerable systems and ultimately contributes to neoplastic transformation. Dysfunctional obese adipose tissue releases cytokines and induces changes in the cell microenvironment, promoting cell survival and progression of the transformed cancer

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… Some of the species identified as contributors to CRC carcinogenesis are Fusobacterium nucleatum , Bacteroides fragilis , and Escherichia coli [ 138 ]. In addition to oxidative stress being the consequence of inflammation, the microbiota can be a direct source of reactive species. …

Adjunctive Treatments for the Prevention of Chemotherapy- and Radiotherapy-Induced Mucositis.

BACKGROUND: Chemoradiotherapy-associated mucositis can manifest as pain, inflammation, dysphagia, diarrhea, weight loss, rectal bleeding, and infection. Mucositis is a major dose-limiting side effect of chemotherapy, affecting nutritional intake and oral and intestinal function. Despite several interventions being available, there is a need for safe and effective preventative and treatment options for treatment-induced mucositis. The goals of this review are to discuss interventions based on foods and natural products and present the research to date. METHODS: A narrative literature review id

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… not, however, extend to the intestines, with 14 out of 16 patients developing diarrhea. 103 In the intestines, cancer therapy has been found to decrease commensals such as Bifidobacteria, Clostridium cluster XIVa, and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii , combined with increases in Enterobacteriaceae and Bacteroides …

Antibiotics: Conventional Therapy and Natural Compounds with Antibacterial Activity-A Pharmaco-Toxicological Screening.

Antibiotics are considered as a cornerstone of modern medicine and their discovery offers the resolution to the infectious diseases problem. However, the excessive use of antibiotics worldwide has generated a critical public health issue and the bacterial resistance correlated with antibiotics inefficiency is still unsolved. Finding novel therapeutic approaches to overcome bacterial resistance is imperative, and natural compounds with antibacterial effects could be considered a promising option. The role played by antibiotics in tumorigenesis and their interrelation with the microbiota are sti

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… A short exposure to clindamycin led to long-term disorders of microbiota composition, characterized by a reduction in the clonal diversity of Bacteroides and an augmentation in the levels of specific resistance genes [ 193 ]. …

RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS OF THE 34th ECVIM-CA CONGRESS.

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Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cells in Health and Disease.

Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are a population of evolutionarily conserved, unconventional innate-like T lymphocytes that are restricted by major histocompatibility complex Class I-related (MR1) molecules. They can be activated either in a T-cell receptor-MR1- or cytokine-dependent manner. Activated MAIT cells play crucial roles in maintaining homeostasis and the fine regulation of the immune system. This review presents a systematic exploration of the development, biological characteristics, and multiple effects of MAIT cells in health and various diseases. In healthy individual