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Grain Boundary Structure Ordering via Electroshock Treatment Enhances Strength-Ductility Synergy.

High-energy electropulsing triggers recrystallization and phase transformation via excessive Joule heating, potentially causing unwanted damage and compromising the bulk microstructure. Herein, a non-destructive, low-energy electric current strategy, termed electroshock treatment (EST), is developed to strengthen grain boundaries (GBs), the preferential site for crack initiation and propagation, while preserving the bulk microstructure. Using α-Ti as a model system, this strategy achieves a synergistic enhancement of strength and ductility by transforming the defect-rich GB structure into an o…