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[Therapy of multiple sclerosis].

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of the most frequent neuroimmunological disorders of the central nervous system. It is a multifactorial disease with possible causes including genetic and environmental factors. MS is characterized in essence by an autoimmune inflammation in the central nervous system, resulting in the damage of the myelin sheath and the axons. There are four pathological subtypes of the disease. Its clinical course can either be of the relapsing-remitting or primary and secondary progressive type. All structures of the central nervous system may be involved, but the longest trac…

Clinicopathological study of a myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-induced demyelinating disease in LEW.1AV1 rats.

Although multiple sclerosis is considered to be an autoimmune disease in the CNS, the immune responses that take place in the CNS and lymphoid organs remain to be elucidated. Here, we have successfully induced various subtypes of experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE) in LEW.1AV1 rats carrying RT1(av1) on the Lewis background genes by immunization with recombinant rat myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) in various solutions with adjuvants. The purpose of the present study was to analyse in more detail the clinical and immunopathological features of MOG-induced EAE in LEW.1AV1 rats. I…

Раннее воздействие мышей NOD/ShiLtJ на аппендициты Фрэунда отсрочено, спонтанно прогрессирующий энцефаломиэлит.

Наркотики, способные эффективно противодействовать первичному прогрессивному НР (ПП-МС), остаются неудовлетворенной потребностью. Наличие надежных моделей PP-MS для животных может способствовать выявлению методов лечения, способных противодействовать эволюции заболеваний. Недавно мы описали первичную прогрессивную EAE (PP-EAE) в мышах NOD/ShiLtJ, показав, что она резюмирует несколько ключевых особенностей РРМС. Вместе с тем фундаментальное различие между РРМС и ИПОЕ заключается в том, что последние возникают в результате потери допусков, преднамеренно вызванной периферийным расширением специфи

Neurofibromatosis type I associated multiple sclerosis.

Neurofibromatosis (NF) type I is a common autosomal dominant disease that principally affects the skin and peripheral nervous system. Neurofibromatosis type I associated multiple sclerosis is a very rare condition. A 28-year old NF1 man developed progressive spastic-ataxic gait, left side dysmetria, right internuclear ophthalmoplegia, spastic dysarthria. MRI of the brain depicted Dawson finger appearance demyelination of the corpus callosum and other multifoci demyelinating lesions typical for MS. CSF revealed high CSF protein with negative oligoclonal band. Visual evoked potential showed prol…

Нефронтальный уход за больными демилилиническими заболеваниями.

ЦЕЛЬ: В этой статье рассматривается роль нейропаллиативного ухода в уходе за пациентами с множественным склерозом и другими демиелинизирующими заболеваниями, при этом особое внимание уделяется его интеграции в многодисциплинарный уход за больными, страдающими симптомами, психологической поддержкой и повышением качества жизни. НЫНЕШНИЕ СОБЫТИЯ: Прогресс в лечении заболеваний привел к увеличению продолжительности жизни и снижению темпов развития инвалидности у пациентов с множественным склерозом. Вместе с тем паллиативная помощь по-прежнему используется недостаточно для устранения хронических си

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
OBJECTIVE: This article explores the role of neuropalliative care in caring for patients with multiple sclerosis and other demyelinating diseases, focusing on its integration into multidisciplinary care for symptom relief, psychological support, and quality-of-life enhancement. LATEST DEVELOPMENTS: Advances in disease-modifying therapies have extended life …

От диагностики к лечению: изучение механизмов, лежащих в основе оптического неврата в множестве склерозов.

Множественный склероз (MS) — хроническое аутоиммунное заболевание, воздействующее на центральную нервную систему, которое, как правило, вызывает сенсорные расстройства, моторную слабость, слабую походку, несогласованность и оптический неуриит (ON). Согласно статистическим данным, до 50% пациентов, страдающих синдромом MS, испытывают проблемы со зрением в период болезни, страдающие от нечеткого зрения, боли, недостатка зрения и даже слепоты. Лечение перешло от кортикостероидов к лечению, ориентированному на клетки В/Т. В рамках этого обзора проводится всеобъемлющая и систематическая оценка диаг

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease affecting the central nervous system, commonly causing sensory disturbances, motor weakness, impaired gait, incoordination and optic neuritis (ON). According to the statistics, up to 50% of MS patients experience vision problems during the disease course, suffering from blurred vision, pain, color visio…

Mechanisms of Ferroptosis and Emerging Links to the Pathology of Neurodegenerative Diseases.

Neurodegenerative diseases are a diverse class of diseases attributed to chronic progressive neuronal degeneration and synaptic loss in the brain and/or spinal cord, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and multiple sclerosis. The pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases is complex and diverse, often involving mitochondrial dysfunction, neuroinflammation, and epigenetic changes. However, the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases has not been fully elucidated. Recently, accumulating evidence revealed that ferroptosis, a n…

Siponimod enhances brain-derived neurotrophic factor secretion from immune cells in multiple sclerosis: A longitudinal study.

BACKGROUND: Siponimod is an approved drug for secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS), and may exert neuroprotective effects beyond its established immunomodulatory properties. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a key molecule supporting neuronal survival and plasticity, and its secretion by immune cells may contribute to neuroregeneration in MS. We studied the impact of long-term siponimod therapy on the secretion of BDNF and other neurotrophic factors by immune cells in MS patients. METHODS: Twenty patients diagnosed with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) or SPMS and receiving …

A metabolic perspective on CSF-mediated neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune demyelinating disorder of the CNS, characterized by inflammatory lesions and an underlying neurodegenerative process, which is more prominent in patients with progressive disease course. It has been proposed that mitochondrial dysfunction underlies neuronal damage, the precise mechanism by which this occurs remains uncertain. To investigate potential mechanisms of neurodegeneration, we conducted a functional screening of mitochondria in neurons exposed to the CSF of multiple sclerosis patients with a relapsing remitting (n = 15) or a progressive (secondary, …

Exosomes as mediators of repair and immunoregulation in multiple sclerosis: a new frontier in cell-free therapy.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic immune-mediated disorder of the central nervous system marked by demyelination, inflammation, and progressive neuronal damage. Current immunotherapies reduce relapse frequency but fail to stop silent progression driven by microglial activation or to promote effective remyelination. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have shown therapeutic promise; however, their clinical use is restricted by issues of survival, distribution, and large-scale production. Increasing evidence indicates that MSC benefits are primarily mediated by their secretome, especially exosomes,…

Immunological studies in tropical spastic paraparesis.

Tropical spastic paraparesis (TSP) and other chronic-progressive myelopathies have been clearly associated with increased serum and cerebros … ell response was reduced in 4 of 4 patients. This was similar to previous findings in patients with multiple sclerosis. However, unlike multiple sclerosis, reduced generation of cytotoxic T-cell response to influenza and mumps viruses was observed in 2 of 4 patients. These observations confirm further the strong association between TSP and an HTLV-I-like virus and s …

Detection of sequences homologous to human retroviral DNA in multiple sclerosis by gene amplification.

Twenty-one patients with multiple sclerosis, chronic progressive type, were examined for DNA sequences homologous to a human retrovirus. Genomic DNA from peripheral blood mononuclear cells was analyzed for the presence of homologous sequences to the human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus type I (HTLV-I) long terminal repeat, 3' gag, pol, and env domains by the enzymatic in vitro gene amplification technique, polymerase chain reaction. Positive identification of homologous pol sequences was made in the amplified DNA from six of these patients (29%). Three of these six patients (14%) also tested p…

Уменьшившийся уровень видимости сигналов, указывающих на разрыв и дегенерацию тканей при прогрессивном многоразовом склерозе: воздействие на клинические испытания.

ИСТОРИЯ ВОПРОСА И ЦЕЛИ: Повреждения парамагнитных ободов (ПЗК) при множественном склерозе (МС) указывают на хроническое врожденное воспаление иммунной системы, способствующее прогрессированию заболеваний. Исчезновение или ослабление обода интерпретируется как реакция на лечение; однако остается неясным, действительно ли снижение степени уязвимости - похожее отражение сокращения железа в ободном отсеке - дает реальное разрешение на хроническое воспаление, старение естественного повреждения и/или дегенерацию продвинутой ткани. В поперечном разрезе PRL демонстрируют изменяющуюся видимость обода,

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Paramagnetic rim lesions (PRLs) in multiple sclerosis (MS) indicate chronic, innate immune-mediated inflammation contributing to disease progression. Rim disappearance or attenuation is interpreted as a treatment response; however, it remains uncertain whether reduced susceptibility signal-likely reflecting decreased iron within th…

Profiling peripheral blood oxidative stress in multiple sclerosis.

BACKGROUND: Oxidative stress is implicated in the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis (MS), but the potential of oxidative stress responses as MS biomarkers has not been systematically explored. METHODS: Over 12 months, we measured serial plasma concentrations or activity, and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) expression of master antioxidant regulators, downstream antioxidant enzymes, and plasma end products of oxidation in blood from people with MS (pwMS), including a cohort commencing disease modifying therapy (DMT). Multivariable regression models were employed adjusting for age,…

Potential risk of disease modifying therapies on neoplasm development and coadjutant factors in multiple sclerosis outpatients.

Neoplasm development in Multiple Sclerosis (MS) patients treated with disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) has been widely discussed. The aim of this work is to determine neoplasm frequency, relationship with the prescription pattern of DMTs, and influence of the patients' baseline characteristics. Data from 250 MS outpatients were collected during the period 1981-2019 from the medical records of the Neurology Service of the HUPM (Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar)-in Southern Spain-and analysed using Cox models. Neoplasm prevalence was 24%, mainly located on the skin, with cancer prevalence…

Disease course heterogeneity and OCT in multiple sclerosis.

BACKGROUND: The heterogeneity of the disease course in multiple sclerosis (MS) remains a challenge for patient management and clinical trials. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this paper is to investigate the relationship between disease course heterogeneity and retinal layer thicknesses in MS. METHODS: A total of 230 MS patients and 63 healthy control subjects were included. Spectral-domain OCT scanning of the peripapillary and macular regions was performed, followed by automated eight-layer segmentation. Generalised estimation equations were used for comparisons. Receiver operating characterist…

[Effects of exercise in chronically ill patients. Examples from oncology and neurology].

Epidemiologic studies increasingly have demonstrated a correlation between physical inactivity and certain chronic diseases. Already in the 1970s exercise programs for cardiovascular patients were established, whereas in other severe chronic illnesses such as breast cancer or multiple sclerosis exposure to physical stress seemed to be a contraindication. Today there is a grow ing body of evidence demonstrating positive physical as well as psychic effects of exercise training in patients with these diseases. These studies are summarized and complementary studies of our group are described in mo…

Brain MRI to detect cervical spinal cord critical demyelinating lesions in progressive MS.

BACKGROUND: Critical demyelinating lesions anatomically associated with progressive motor impairment in multiple sclerosis (MS) are mostly found in the cervical spinal cord. In clinical practice and research studies, imaging of spinal cord is usually restricted to brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which can show its most superior region. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the ability of brain MRI to detect spinal cord critical lesions in progressive MS. METHODS: Individuals with one or two tandem spinal cord critical lesions were selected from a cohort of people with progressive MS, evaluated at M…

Профилирование Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteome в прогрессивном многоразовом склерозе: эффекты лечения и связи с IgM Oligolonal Bands.

Варианты лечения прогрессивных MS (PMS) ограничены по количеству и эффективности, что наиболее характерно для пациентов с подстрекательскими заболеваниями. Иммуноглобулин M (IgM) олигоклональные полосы (OCBs) могут идентифицировать подгруппу PMS с более активными подстрекательскими заболеваниями. Последствия наследственной и метилпреднизолона для внутриутробного воспаления и связи ОХБ МГК с другими биомаркерами в РМС неясны. В ходе текущего исследования мы изучили протеом цереброспиновой жидкости (CSF) пациентов, не прошедших лечение с PMS, эффекты наследственной и метилпреднизолона, а также с

[Siponimod (BAF312): General Characteristics and Clinical Implications of Pharmacogenomic Dosage in the Treatment of Active Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis].

Siponimod is a selective immunosuppressive medication, developed as the first oral therapy for active secondary progressive multiple sclerosis. This medication acts by modulating the sphingosine 1 phosphate (S1P) receptor, as an antagonist of S1P1 and S1P5, thus preventing the egress of lymphocytes from lymph nodes and preventing inflammatory processes in the Central Nervous System that trigger demyelination. There is extensive scientific knowledge regarding the administration of the medication to patients, which will depend on their pharmacogenetic characteristics. Therefore, the FDA strongly…