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Amyloid-β Pathology Is the Common Nominator Proteinopathy of the Primate Brain Aging.

Senile plaques, mainly diffuse, and cerebral amyloid-β (Aβ) angiopathy are prevalent in the aging brain of non-human primates, from lemurs t … tau pathology, mainly forming neurofibrillary tangles, dystrophic neurites of neuritic plaques, and neuropil threads, preceding Aβ deposits by several decades and by its severity progressing from selected nuclei of the brain stem, entorhinal cortex, and hippocampus to the limbic system, neocortex, and other brain regions. Neurofibrillary tangles correlate …

Comparative study of non-suppurative meningoencephalitis in cattle in Southern Brazil.

Viral neurologic diseases are common in cattle, although most non-suppurative meningoencephalitis (NSM) remains etiologically unknown. We co … iltrates of lymphocytes, plasma cells, and macrophages/microglial cells in the Virchow-Robin space, neuropil, and leptomeninges, and gliosis. Other findings included malacia and eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusion in rabies, and malacia and intranuclear amphophilic inclusion in herpetic meningoencephalitis. By immunohistochemistry, the predominant infl …

The Surgical Histopathology of the Filum Terminale: Findings from a Large Series of Patients with Tethered Cord Syndrome.

This study investigated the prevalence of embryonic and connective tissue elements in the filum terminale (FT) of patients with tethered cor … regular ependymal cell linings. Other findings included ependymal cysts and canals, ganglion cells, neuropil, and prominent vascular features. Notably, 41% showed fatty infiltration, and 7.6% had dystrophic calcification. Inflammatory infiltrates, an underreported finding, were observed in 3.8% of the specimens. The research highlights peripheral nerves an …

Dengue infection in mice inoculated by the intracerebral route: neuropathological effects and identification of target cells for virus replication.

Dengue is an important arboviral infection, causing a broad range symptom that varies from life-threatening mild illness to severe clinical … ation, Purkinje neurons retraction and cellular infiltration around vessels in the pia mater and in neuropil. Viral tropism and replication were detected in resident cells of the brain and cerebellum, such as neurons, astrocyte, microglia and oligodendrocytes. Results suggest that this classical mice model might be useful for analyzing the neurotropic effe …

Rare pathologies in the posterior third ventricular region in children: case series and review.

Tumors of the pineal region in children often belong to 2 categories, namely germ cell tumors and pineal parenchymal tumors. Very rare pathologies have previously been reported in this region. Most of these tumors may be similar radiologically, while their management differs. The present series reports 2 children with pineal region tumors, each one being a rare pathological entity by itself, namely an embryonal tumor with abundant neuropil and true rosettes (ETANTR) and a rosette-forming glioneuronal tumor (RGNT). Very few such cases in each pathology have been reported in the literature for t…

Clinically early-stage CSPα mutation carrier exhibits remarkable terminal stage neuronal pathology with minimal evidence of synaptic loss.

Autosomal dominant adult-onset neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (AD-ANCL) is a multisystem disease caused by mutations in the DNAJC5 gene. DNA … tic loss. Interestingly, we found minimal or no apparent reductions in CSPα or synaptophysin in the neuropil. In contrast, brain homogenates from terminal AD-ANCL patients exhibit significant reductions in SNARE-complex forming presynaptic protein levels, including a significant reduction in CSPα and SNAP-25. Frozen samples for the biochemical analyses of …

Induced neurocysticercosis in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) produces clinical signs and lesions similar to natural disease in man.

Neurocysticercosis is a serious endemic zoonosis resulting in increased cases of seizure and epilepsy in humans. The genesis of clinical man … is and formation of irregular cystic cavities lined by atrophied parenchymal septa with remnants of neuropil of the cerebrum. In contrast, the monkeys infected with lower dose showed formation of typical foreign body granulomas characterized by central liquefaction surrounded by chronic inflammatory response. It was concluded that the inflammatory and immu …

Spontaneous Aujeszky's disease (pseudorabies) in European wild boars (Sus scrofa) in the federal state of Brandenburg, Germany.

In this report two cases of spontaneous Aujeszky's disease (AD, syn. pseudorabies) in European wild boars (Sus scrofa), in the federal state … euronal necroses, intranucelar eosinophilic inclusion bodies in necrotic neurons, spongiosis of the neuropil, gliosis and perivascular cuffing of lymphocytes, plasma cells and eosinophilic granulocytes. Pseudorabies virus (PrV)-antigen was detected by immunohistochemistry in typically affected brain areas and was isolated from pooled tissues (brain and ton …

Therapeutic silencing of mutant huntingtin with siRNA attenuates striatal and cortical neuropathology and behavioral deficits.

Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by expansion of a CAG repeat in the huntingtin (Htt) gene. HD is autosomal … Treatment with cc-siRNA-Htt in mice with mutant Htt prolonged survival of striatal neurons, reduced neuropil aggregates, diminished inclusion size, and lowered the frequency of clasping and footslips on balance beam. cc-siRNA-Htt was designed to target human wild-type and mutant Htt and decreased levels of both in the striatum. Our findings indicate that a …

Chronic nicotine administration increases NGF-like immunoreactivity in frontoparietal cerebral cortex.

Nicotine/nicotine agonists, which have been proposed as therapeutic agents for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerat … opositive astroglial cells were always seen in sections of treated animals but not in controls. The neuropil of control animals was, in general, devoid of reaction, but in treated animals, immunopositive prolongations were located randomly, some in close association with capillaries. At the electron microscopic level, these prolongations were demonstrated …

Melanocyte-stimulating hormone plasma levels and environmental illumination in the cuttlefish, Sepia officinalis: a role for the neurosecretory system of the vena cava in cephalopods.

A melanotropin-like peptide (alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone or alpha-MSH) is suggested to be released into the circulatory system of cephalopods via the neurosecretory system of the vena cava or NSV, where neurosecretory vesicles contained within the axons of the NSV-neuropil on the inner surface of the vena cava lie in close contact with the venous circulation. Radioimmunoassay of blood plasma samples taken from the cephalic vein of anaesthetised cuttlefish, Sepia officinalis showed that immunoreactive alpha-MSH (ir alpha-MSH) was detectable within the cuttlefish circulatory system. The…

Tropical spastic paraparesis.

Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) is the cause of endemic tropical spastic paraparesis (TSP) or HTLV-I-associated myelopathy ( … veral axons contained Hirano bodies. In many samples glial processes replaced most of the remaining neuropil.

Острая, ранняя и избирательная потеря подгруппы ГАБАэргических ингибиторных нейронов в экспериментальной трансмиссивной губчатой энцефалопатии.

Мало что известно о патогенной основе характерных симптомов трансмиссивной губчатой энцефалопатии (TSE), таких, как миоклон и характерная гиперактивность ЭЭГ. Мы изучили систему GABAergic и ее подпопуляции в мышах, привитых экспериментальным скрепием (ME7, RML, штаммы 22A) и болезнью Crewzfeldt-Jakob (CJD; штамм Фудзисаки), чтобы изучить повреждения ингибиторских нейронов. С тех пор, как недавние исследования показали электрофизиологические изменения в мышах прионового белка (PRP) нокаутных мышей, мы также изучали отсутствие или перевыражение мышей в гене PrP. Антитела против глютаномической к

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Little is known about the pathogenetic basis of characteristic symptoms in transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) such as myoclonu … er inoculation. PrP-/- and tg20 mice showed normal appearance of PV, CB, CR, GAD+ neurons and their neuropil, and of isolectin-B4+ perineuronal nets. The early, severe and selective loss of cortical PV+ neurons in experimental scrapie and CJD suggest selective loss of PV+ GABAergic neurons as important event during disease development, possibly as one basi …

GABA-like and glycine-like immunoreactivities of the cochlear root nucleus in rat.

The cochlear root nucleus is part of the cochlear nuclear complex in small rodents. Its cells, the large root neurons, have a superficial resemblance to the globular neurons of the ventral cochlear nucleus. It has been a matter of debate, therefore, whether the root neurons and globular neurons represent the same or different types of cell. In the present study the two cell types with adjacent neuropil structures were compared by light microscopic, postembedding immunocytochemistry. Pairs of 0.5 microns sections of resin-embedded, glutaraldehyde-fixed material were treated with purified antise…

Atypical olfactory glomeruli contain original olfactory axon terminals: an ultrastructural horseradish peroxidase study in the rat.

The labelling of olfactory bulb glomeruli following horseradish peroxidase lavage of the nasal cavity has been studied in the rat. In such c … meruli. Ultrastructural features indicate that olfactory information processing taking place in the neuropil might be similar to that which occurs in typical glomeruli. Considered together, the atypical olfactory neuroreceptors, glomeruli and acetylcholinesterase-containing centrifugal fibres could constitute a new olfactory subsystem. This hypothesis is d …

Encephalitis with refractory seizures, status epilepticus, and antibodies to the GABAA receptor: a case series, characterisation of the antigen, and analysis of the effects of antibodies.

BACKGROUND: Increasing evidence suggests that seizures and status epilepticus can be immune-mediated. We aimed to describe the clinical features of a new epileptic disorder, and to establish the target antigen and the effects of patients' antibodies on neuronal cultures. METHODS: In this observational study, we selected serum and CSF samples for antigen characterisation from 140 patients with encephalitis, seizures or status epilepticus, and antibodies to unknown neuropil antigens. The samples were obtained from worldwide referrals of patients with disorders suspected to be autoimmune between…

Anatomic relationships of the human nucleus of the solitary tract in the medulla oblongata: a DiI labeling study.

The nucleus of the solitary tract (nTS) is a major site of brainstem control of vital functions (e.g., cardiovascular reflexes and respiration). We examined anatomic relationships of the human nucleus of the solitary tract, using a bidirectional lipophilic fluorescent tracer 1-1'-dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate (DiI) in 10 postmortem human fetal midgestational medullae oblongatae. Labeling by diffusion of DiI from the nucleus of the solitary tract included: (1) neuropil of all future subdivisions of the nucleus of the solitary tract ipsilateral to the DiI crystal;…

Monocarboxylate transporter (MCT1) abundance in brains of suckling and adult rats: a quantitative electron microscopic immunogold study.

Transcellular transport of energy substrates across the vascular endothelial cells of the brain is accomplished by integral membrane carrier … 9 times heavier labeling of membranes associated with astrocytic end feet adjacent to microvessels. Neuropil and choroid plexus were lightly labeled. Some MCT1-positive astrocyte and neuron cell bodies were observed, suggesting active synthesis of MCT1 by these cells. The potential for regulation of expression of MCTs by dietary or other factors may have i …

Morphology and Phylogeny of Thylacoplethus squillae (Rhizocephala: Thompsoniidae), a Parasite of the Mantis Shrimp Harpiosquilla harpax.

Parasitic barnacles (Cirripedia: Rhizocephala) are among the most highly specialized parasitic groups, exhibiting profound morphological mod … invasive rootlets in a rhizocephalan parasitizing a non-decapod host. These rootlets belong to the neuropil type and invade the entire ventral nerve cord of the host, including both pereonal and pleonal ganglia. Similar to other rhizocephalans, invasive rootlets differ from trophic rootlets in the organization of their cuticle and cellular layers. Observe …

[Neuropathology of Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus: A Study of Three Autopsy Cases and a Literature Review].

We present neuropathological findings in three autopsy brains from patients diagnosed clinically with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephal … se. Additionally, Aβ protein deposition and phosphorylated tau-positive neurofibrillary tangles and neuropil threads are observed in cerebral cortical biopsy specimens obtained during intracranial pressure monitoring or shunt surgery among a subset of patients with iNPH. These findings are as frequent as those reported in autopsy data of the age-matched ge …