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Neuropilins in Multiple Sclerosis: Dual Roles of NRP-1 in Neuroinflammation and Neuroprotection.

Neuropilins (NRPs), particularly NRP-1, are multifunctional co-receptors involved in neuroinflammatory and neuroprotective processes. Altered NRP expression has been observed in multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions and peripheral circulation, suggesting early involvement in disease progression. This review addresses the dual role of NRPs in MS and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), emphasizing expression patterns, signaling pathways, and therapeutic interventions. NRP-1 is expressed by endothelial cells, microglia, and macrophages, while Sema3A, a key ligand, is produced by reactive a

A deep phenotyping study in mouse and iPSC models to understand the role of oligodendroglia in optic neuropathy in Wolfram syndrome.

Wolfram syndrome (WS) is a rare childhood disease characterized by diabetes mellitus, diabetes insipidus, blindness, deafness, neurodegenera … te that 7.5-month-old Wfs1∆exon8 mice display signs of abnormal myelination and a reduced number of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) as well as abnormal axonal conduction in the optic nerve. An MRI study of the brain furthermore revealed grey and white matter loss in the cerebellum, brainstem, and superior colliculus, as is seen in WS patients. To further dissect the role …

Сокращение холестерина меняет биофизические свойства отремонтированного миелина.

Миелиновая оболочка — это насыщенная липидом мембрана, которая покрывает аксоны и необходима для здорового и эффективного трансдукции сигнала. Миелин страдает неврологическими заболеваниями, как и множественный склероз, но ремиелионация может происходить в результате действия олигодендроцитов-прекурсоров (ОРК), которые проводят различие с зрелыми олигодендроцитами, которые обворачивают аксоны для создания восстановленного миелина. В этом исследовании использовалась генетическая модель обезвоживания мыши, которая содержит почти полное обезвоживание, за которым следует сильное обезвоживание в мо

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
The myelin sheath is a lipid-rich membrane that ensheathes axons and is required for healthy and efficient signal transduction. Myelin is damaged in neurological diseases like multiple sclerosis, but remyelination can occur through the action of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), which differentiate into mature oligodendrocytes that wrap axons to form r…

Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy (CIMT) and Neural Precursor Cell (NPC) Transplantation Synergistically Promote Anatomical and Functional Recovery in a Hypoxic-Ischemic Mouse Model.

Cerebral palsy (CP) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by pronounced motor dysfunction and resulting in physical disability. Neural precursor cells (NPCs) have shown therapeutic promise in mouse models of hypoxic-ischemic (HI) perinatal brain injury, which mirror hemiplegic CP. Constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) enhances the functional use of the impaired limb and has emerged as a beneficial intervention for hemiplegic CP. However, the precise mechanisms and optimal application of CIMT remain poorly understood. The potential synergy between a regenerative approach us

A Novel Brainstem Hemorrhage Model by Autologous Blood Infusion in Rat: White Matter Injury, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, and Neurobehavioral Features.

BACKGROUND: Primary brainstem hemorrhage (BSH) has the highest mortality and morbidity as a subtype of intracerebral hemorrhage. A major limitation of BSH research is the lack of a corresponding animal model. The purpose of this study was to establish a novel rat model of BSH and to characterize the resulting brain injury, especially focusing on white matter injury. METHODS: BSH was produced by stereotactically injecting autologous whole blood into the pons. Time course of hematoma resolution was observed by 7-T magnetic resonance imaging. White matter injury was evaluated in detail by multip

Genetic architecture of ultra-processed food consumption links neurodevelopmental and metabolic pathways to habitual diet.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption is rising globally and is implicated in non-communicable diseases including canc … e. Downstream analyses reveal that UPF-associated genes are preferentially expressed in neurons and oligodendrocyte precursor cells of subcortical brain regions previously implicated in UPF intake. Genetic correlations with metabolic traits, macronutrient intake, and self-control provide insight into potential physiological and behavioural correlates of UPF consumption. CONCLUS …

Diosgenin promoted OPCs differentiation via blocking GLUR2/GAPDH interaction in a pilocarpine rat model of epilepsy.

BACKGROUND: Central nervous system (CNS) demyelination is associated with the occurrence of epileptic seizure, highlighting the imperative need for myelin repair strategy. Inefficient differentiation of naïve oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) into myelin-producing oligodendrocytes (OLs) is an essential pathological obstacle and a therapeutic target of myelin sheath repair. PURPOSE: Our work discovers that diosgenin, a natural steroid sapogenin, distinct from its classic cardioprotective effects, directly stimulates OPCs maturation predominantly in the corpus callosum, assuring CNS myelin…

Effect of Sox10 on remyelination of the hippocampus in cuprizone-induced demyelinated mice.

OBJECTIVE: The low number of oligodendrocytes (OLs) in the hippocampus of patients with schizophrenia suggests that hippocampal demyelination is changed in this condition. Sox10 is expressed throughout OL development. The effect of Sox10 on myelin regeneration is unknown. This study aimed to analyze changes in Sox10 expression in the hippocampus and its regulatory role in hippocampal myelin regeneration in a mouse model of demyelination. METHODS: Mice were fed 0.2% cuprizone (CPZ) for six weeks to establish the acute demyelinating model (CPZ mice). Behavioral changes of these mice were assess

Inhibition of RhoA/ROCK Pathway in the Early Stage of Hypoxia Ameliorates Depression in Mice via Protecting Myelin Sheath.

Neuroplasticity and connectivity in the central nervous system (CNS) are easily damaged after hypoxia. Long-term exposure to an anoxic environment can lead to neuropsychiatric symptoms and increases the likelihood of depression. Demyelination is an important lesion of CNS injury that may occur in depression. Previous studies have found that the RhoA/ROCK pathway is upregulated in neuropsychiatric disorders such as multiple sclerosis, stroke, and neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, the chief aim of this study is to explore the regulatory role of the RhoA/ROCK pathway in the development of de

Spatiotemporal expression patterns of Galectin-3 in perinatal rat hypoxic-ischemic brain injury model.

In this research, we intended to evaluate the expression pattern, distribution and sources of Galectin-3 (Gal-3) in perinatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury rat model. Postnatal day 3 Sprague-Dawley rat pups were subjected to right carotid artery ligation followed by 2.5 h of hypoxia (6% oxygen). Expression and distribution of Gal-3 were evaluated by western blotting and immunofluorescence. Sources of Gal-3 were evaluated by double staining with neuronic, oligodendrocytic, astrocytic, microglial and endotheliocytic markers. Our results indicated Gal-3 significantly upregulated from 12 h and mai

Anti-mouse CX3CR1 Antibody Alleviates Cognitive Impairment, Neuronal Loss and Myelin Deficits in an Animal Model of Brain Ischemia.

White matter lesions are common when global cerebral ischemia (GCI) occurs in the elderly, and cause damage to neurological and psychological functions. Remyelination often fails because of the limited recruitment of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) to the demyelinated site or the inefficient differentiation of OPCs to mature oligodendrocytes (OLs). The activation of microglia, the most important immune cells in the central nervous system, and subsequent inflammation have been implicated in myelination repair disorder. Little is known about the role of the Fractalkine/CX3CR1 signaling p

Repeated sevoflurane exposure causes hypomyelination in the prefrontal cortex of adult male mice.

As one of the most commonly used general anesthetics (GAs) in surgery, numerous studies have demonstrated the detrimental effects of sevoflu … egion for general anesthesia mediated consciousness change. Furthermore, disrupted proliferation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) contributes to repeated sevoflurane exposure-induced myelin defect. This may be owing to an accumulated tuberous sclerosis complex 1 (TSC1) expression and inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling, leading to the unbalance …

Выздоровление, вызванное недержанием черепицы, не зависит от восстановления.

Дисфункция контроля мочевого пузыря (недержание) является значительной коморбидностью при множественном склерозе, который снижает качество жизни пациентов и является одной из главных причин госпитализации. Последние данные свидетельствуют о том, что демиелинизация CNS достаточна для того, чтобы вызвать недержание, в то время как контроль мочевого пузыря также восстанавливается после ремиелиции. Основываясь на этой сильной связи, мы предположили, что воспоминание необходимо для восстановления контроля функции мочевого пузыря после острого обезвоживания. Чтобы проверить это, мы провели оценку из

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Dysfunction in bladder control (incontinence) is a significant comorbidity in multiple sclerosis that diminishes patients' quality of life a … bladder function in mice in which Myelin regulatory factor (Myrf) was conditionally knocked out in oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPC)(PDGFR⍺- CreERTM, Myrffl/fl (Myrf-cKO)) and compared these with control groups during and after being subjected to cuprizone treatment. Here, we report that acute demyelination leads to bladder control dysfunction which was evidenced by signifi …

The potential for circuit reconstruction by expanded neural precursor cells explored through porcine xenografts in a rat model of Parkinson's disease.

Neural precursors with the properties of neural stem cells can be isolated from the developing brain, can be expanded in culture, and have been suggested as a potential source of cells for neuronal replacement therapies in degenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease (PD). Under such conditions an improved spectrum of functional benefit may be obtained through homotypic reconstruction of degenerated neural circuitry, and to this end we have investigated the potential of expanded neural precursor cells (ENPs) to form long axonal projections following transplantation in the 6-hydroxydopami

Nalfurafine promotes myelination in vitro and facilitates recovery from cuprizone + rapamycin-induced demyelination in mice.

The kappa opioid receptor has been identified as a promising therapeutic target for promoting remyelination. In the current study, we evaluated the ability of nalfurafine to promote oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC) differentiation and myelination in vitro, and its efficacy in an extended, cuprizone-induced demyelination model. Primary mouse (C57BL/6J) OPC-containing cultures were treated with nalfurafine (0.6-200 nM), clemastine (0.01-100 μM), T3 (30 ng/mL), or vehicle for 5 days. Using immunocytochemistry and confocal microscopy, we found that nalfurafine treatment increased OPC differen

Effect of fluoxetine on proliferation and/or survival of microglia and oligodendrocyte progenitor cells in the fornix and corpus callosum of the mouse brain.

BACKGROUND: Fluoxetine is one of the most widely prescribed antidepressants and a selective inhibitor of presynaptic 5-HT transporters. The fornix is the commissural and projection fiber that transmits signals from the hippocampus to other parts of the brain and opposite site of hippocampus. The corpus callosum (CC) is the largest of the commissural fibers that link the cerebral cortex of the left and right cerebral hemispheres. These brain regions play pivotal roles in cognitive functions, and functional abnormalities in these regions have been implicated in the development of various brain d

Correlation between sarcopenia and changes in oligodendrocyte lineage cells in the brains of Alzheimer's disease model mice.

BACKGROUND: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder primarily characterized by cognitive dysfunction. The discovery and ide … tests were conducted. Immunofluorescence staining was used to assess muscle morphology and analyze oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) lineage-related indicators. RESULTS: Hindlimb immobilization induced sarcopenia in both AD and WT mice, manifested as decreased body, brain, gastrocnemius (Gas), and soleus (Sol) muscle weights. Immobilized mice showed decreased motor abilit …

Hematogenous metastases of the human brain--characteristics of peritumoral brain changes: a review.

The brain is an important site of hematogenous metastases from malignant tumors in other organs. The effects on the brain is a combination of tissue destruction induced by invading tumor cells and reactive alterations occurring around the metastases. This review focuses on neuropathological changes around hematogenous metastases of the human brain. The peritumoral brain parenchyma shows structural and functional changes of the intracerebral microvessels and edema. The endothelial cells of peritumoral microvessels express glucose transporter protein (GLUT 1) in the same way as the normal brain.

The Histone Methyltransferases EHMT1 and EHMT2 Repress the Expression of Genes Related to Excitability and Cell Death in Oligodendrocyte Progenitors.

Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) represent a population of electrically active and dividing cells, which are capable of responding to neuronal activity by proliferating and differentiating. Here, we report that the repressive euchromatic H3K9me2 histone mark, deposited by the histone methyltransferases EHMT1 and EHMT2 enzymes, increases in proliferating OPCs in mice following optogenetic stimulation of neuronal activity. Using primary cultured OPCs with genetic deletion of Ehmt1 and Ehmt2, and pharmacological inhibition of EHMT enzymatic activity, we reveal the importance of these enzym

CD138 as a Specific CSF Biomarker of Multiple Sclerosis.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to identify novel biomarkers for multiple sclerosis (MS) diagnosis and prognosis, addre … I 0.75-0.95). CD138 immunostaining was also observed in the brains of patients with MS and cultured oligodendrocyte precursor cells but was absent in astrocytes. DISCUSSION: These findings identify CD138 as a specific CSF biomarker for MS and suggest the selective activation of the chitinase 3-like protein 1/CD138 pathway within the oligodendrocyte lineage in MS. They offer pro …