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The unusual first sign of presentation of hepatocellular carcinoma: a rare case report.

BACKGROUND: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver malignancy, characterized by aggressive biological behavior and a high propensity for extrahepatic spread. The most common sites of metastasis are the lungs, regional lymph nodes, bones, adrenal glands, and peritoneum. In contrast, the paranasal sinuses are an unusual site for metastatic HCC, and involvement of the sphenoid sinus represents an even rarer event. CASE DESCRIPTION: We report the case of a 67-year-old male patient who presented with transient diplopia, left eyelid ptosis, and refractory epistaxis as the i

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… In this scenario, tumor emboli from regional lymph nodes may flow into the thoracic duct and then migrate retrogradely toward the head and neck region via the intercostal, mediastinal, or supraclavicular lymphatic vessels ( 7 ). …

Blood Vessels and Peripheral Nerves as Key Players in Cancer Progression and Therapy Resistance.

Cancer cells continuously interact with the tumor microenvironment (TME), a heterogeneous milieu that surrounds the tumor mass and impinges on its phenotype. Among the components of the TME, blood vessels and peripheral nerves have been extensively studied in recent years for their prominent role in tumor development from tumor initiation. Cancer cells were shown to actively promote their own vascularization and innervation through the processes of angiogenesis and axonogenesis. Indeed, sprouting vessels and axons deliver several factors needed by cancer cells to survive and proliferate, inclu

Metastatic gallbladder cancer presenting as numb chin syndrome: A case report and literature review.

Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is an uncommon malignancy that is highly aggressive in the advanced stages. However, it rarely metastasizes to the mandible. Numb chin syndrome (NCS) is a rare neurological manifestation associated with various underlying causes, including occult primary cancers and distant metastases. It is often considered to be a significant indicator of malignancy, and thorough investigation is essential in the presence of unclear etiology. The current study reported on the case of a 69-year-old Japanese woman who presented with numbness and mild pain in the lower lip and chin area

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… Metastasis typically involves a complex series of steps wherein the cancer cells first invade the blood and/or lymphatic vessels before spreading to distant sites, such as the mandible ( 11 ). …

Diagnosis and treatment of cystic lung disease.

Cystic lung disease (CLD) is a group of lung disorders characterized by the presence of multiple cysts, defined as air-filled lucencies or low-attenuating areas, bordered by a thin wall (usually < 2 mm). The recognition of CLDs has increased with the widespread use of computed tomography. This article addresses the mechanisms of cyst formation and the diagnostic approaches to CLDs. A number of assessment methods that can be used to confirm CLDs are discussed, including high-resolution computed tomography, pathologic approaches, and genetic/ serologic markers, together with treatment modalities

Integumentary System

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… The dermis is composed of collagen and elastic fibers embedded in a ground substance, blood and lymphatic vessels, nerves, and low numbers of lymphoid cells. Except for swine, domestic animals have no dermal papillae as occur in human skin. … Dermal lymphatic vessels are inconspicuous in normal skin and only become visible when they become dilated because of increased lymphatic drainage. The skin is supplied with sensory and autonomic nerves that are usually associated with blood vessels. The dermis is normally sparsely cellular. …

Keyword Index for Volume 93

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Implications of Angiogenesis Involvement in Arthritis.

Angiogenesis, the growth of new blood vessels, is essential in the pathogenesis of joint inflammatory disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA), facilitating the invasion of inflammatory cells and increase in local pain receptors that contribute to structural damage and pain. The angiogenic process is perpetuated by various mediators such as growth factors, primarily vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), as well as proinflammatory cytokines, various chemokines, matrix components, cell adhesion molecules, proteases, and others.

Rapidly Progressive Merkel Cell Carcinoma with Atypical Metastatic Pattern-A Case Report and Brief Literature Review.

Background and Clinical Significance: Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare, aggressive neuroendocrine cutaneous malignancy with increasing incidence among elderly, immunocompromised patients or individuals exposed to ultraviolet radiation. Case Presentation: We present the case of an 84-year-old Caucasian male with no history of immunosuppression, who was admitted for asthenia, dysphagia, weight loss, and generalized weakness. Clinical and imaging investigations revealed a violaceous tumor on the right arm and disseminated metastases affecting the liver, spleen, bones and lymph nodes. A liver

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… Because the spleen lacks afferent lymphatic vessels, splenic metastases occur exclusively via hematogenous dissemination. …

Резюме

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Hyaluronic Acid as a Modern Approach in Anticancer Therapy-Review.

Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a linear polysaccharide and crucial component of the extracellular matrix (ECM), maintaining tissue hydration and tension. Moreover, HA contributes to embryonic development, healing, inflammation, and cancerogenesis. This review summarizes new research on the metabolism and interactions of HA with its binding proteins, known as hyaladherins (CD44, RHAMM), revealing the molecular basis for its distinct biological function in the development of cancer. The presence of HA on the surface of tumor cells is a sign of an adverse prognosis. The involvement of HA in malignancy h

Application of Nanoparticles for Magnetic Hyperthermia for Cancer Treatment-The Current State of Knowledge.

Hyperthermia (HT) is an anti-cancer therapy commonly used with radio and chemotherapies based on applying heat (39-45 °C) to inhibit tumor growth. However, controlling heat towards tumors and not normal tissues is challenging. Therefore, nanoparticles (NPs) are used in HT to apply heat only to tumor tissues to induce DNA damage and the expression of heat shock proteins, which eventually result in apoptosis. The aim of this review article is to summarize recent advancements in HT with the use of magnetic NPs to locally increase temperature and promote cell death. In addition, the recent develop

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… The phenomenon of enhanced permeability and retention relies on the increased permeability of the blood and lymphatic vessels in the tumor environment. Thus, the large diameters of the intercellular spaces of tumors favor free localization, local accumulation, and prolonged retention of NPs. …

Role of Nanomedicine-Based Therapeutics in the Treatment of CNS Disorders.

Central nervous system disorders, especially neurodegenerative diseases, are a public health priority and demand a strong scientific response. Various therapy procedures have been used in the past, but their therapeutic value has been insufficient. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier is two of the barriers that protect the central nervous system (CNS), but are the main barriers to medicine delivery into the CNS for treating CNS disorders, such as brain tumors, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and Huntington's disease. Nanotechnology-based medicinal

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… Along with the venous sinuses, arteries, and cranial nerves, the dural lymphatic vessels leave the cranium through the foramina in alignment with the dural blood vessels and cranial nerves. Along with the olfactory nerves, certain lymphatic veins may be seen crisscrossing the cribriform plate. … Through an internal recirculation mechanism connecting the cerebrospinal fluid with intestinal fluid, antigens pass from the brain to deep cervical lymph nodes through meningeal lymphatic vessels [ 75 ]. …

Anticancer Role of PPARgamma Agonists in Hematological Malignancies Found in the Vasculature, Marrow, and Eyes.

The use of targeted cancer therapies in combination with conventional chemotherapeutic agents and/or radiation treatment has increased overall survival of cancer patients. However, longer survival is accompanied by increased incidence of comorbidities due, in part, to drug side effects and toxicities. It is well accepted that inflammation and tumorigenesis are linked. Because peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma agonists are potent mediators of anti-inflammatory responses, it was a logical extension to examine the role of PPARgamma agonists in the treatment and prevention of

Резюме ЭСП 2013.

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Humanistic Health Management and Cancer: Associations of Psychology, Nutrition, and Exercise with Cancer Progression and Pathogenesis.

The incidence rate of cancer is increasing year by year due to the aging of the population, unhealthy living, and eating habits. At present, surgery and medication are still the main treatments for cancer, without paying attention to the impact of individual differences in health management on cancer. However, increasing evidence suggests that individual psychological status, dietary habits, and exercise frequency are closely related to the risk and prognosis of cancer. The reminder to humanity is that the medical concept of the unified treatment plan is insufficient in cancer treatment, and a

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… vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor 1 (LYVE‐1), a lymphatic endothelial cell marker in primary tumor sections, as a measure of tumor‐associated lymphatic vessel density (LVD) ( Figure 7 a ). … Moreover, a comparison of lymphatic vessels between control and stressed mice showed that chronic stress caused significant lymphatic dilation of the primary tumor (Figure 7c ). …

Development and validation of the CHI-CAT score: a novel tool for assessing cancer-associated venous thromboembolism risk in China.

BackgroundIdentifying patients at risk for VTE and stratifying that risk is critical to determine who will benefit from thromboprophylaxis. China's clinical practice still faces limitations, particularly regarding systematic and practical VTE risk assessment tools for cancer patients. This study aims to develop and validate the CHIna's Cancer-Associated venous Thromboembolism risk assessment tool (CHI-CAT score) compared to the Khorana score.MethodsCancer patients aged 18 or older hospitalized in the Third People's Hospital of Chengdu from March 2022 to September 2023 were retrospectively invo

Tumor Targeting with Peptide-Drug Conjugates: Showcasing Key Progress and Hurdles.

Peptide-drug conjugates (PDCs) are modular, targeted therapeutics composed of a homing peptide linked to a cytotoxic or modulating drug payload via a cleavable/non-cleavable linker. PDCs utilize peptide targeting to enhance the delivery of potent drugs to tumors, providing advantages such as superior tissue penetration, reduced immunogenicity, and simpler manufacture compared to antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs). A comparison of PDCs versus ADCs highlights that PDCs' small size (~1-3 kDa) enables deeper tumor penetration and faster clearance, whereas ADCs (~150 kDa) benefit from prolonged circul

Metastatic Breast Cancer: Review of Emerging Nanotherapeutics.

Metastases of breast cancer (BC) are often referred to as stage IV breast cancer due to their severity and high rate of mortality. The median survival time of patients with metastatic BC is reduced to 3 years. Currently, the treatment regimens for metastatic BC are similar to the primary cancer therapeutics and are limited to conventional chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery. However, metastatic BC shows organ-specific complex tumor cell heterogeneity, plasticity, and a distinct tumor microenvironment, leading to therapeutic failure. This issue can be successfully addressed b

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… Tumor cells initially breach the basement membrane of the epithelium and actively enter the lymphatic vessels. Subsequently, they establish themselves within lymph nodes, leading to lymphatic metastasis, which serves as an early indicator of distant organ metastasis [ 23 ]. …

Indocyanine Green (ICG) and Colorectal Surgery: A Literature Review on Qualitative and Quantitative Methods of Usage.

Background: Due to its many benefits, indocyanine green (ICG) has gained progressive popularity in operating rooms (ORs) globally. This literature review examines its qualitative and quantitative usage in surgical treatment. Method: Relevant terms were searched in five international databases (1. Pubmed, 2. Sciencedirect, 3. Scopus, 4. Oxfordjournals, 5. Reaxys) for a comprehensive literature review. The main benefits of using ICG in colorectal surgery are: intraoperative fluorescence angiography; fluorescence-guided lymph node involvement detection and the sentinel technique; the fluorescent

Внутриядерное периферальное перевыражение Pituitary-Tumor-transforming Gene 1:: Иммуногистохимическая биомаркировка лимфатического узла в яичной семиноме.

Фон/цели: Опухоли яичных микробных клеток, особенно полунома, являются основной причиной рака у мужчин в возрасте 15-40 Годы. Решение о адъютантной терапии основывается на гистологических особенностях с неопределенной перспективной ценностью. Ген Pituitary-Tumor-Transforming Gene 1 (PTTG1), который кодирует секуриновый протеин, имеет решающее значение для разделения сестринских хроматидов. Наши предыдущие исследования in vitro показали, что ядерное выражение PTTG1 поощряет инвазивность, дедифференцацию и неолимфангиогенез в яичниковой полуноме. Методы: Мы провели гипотетическое ретроспективное

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… Hyperplasia of Lymphatic Vessels in VEGF-C Transgenic Mice Science 1997 276 1423 1425 10.1126/science.276.5317.1423 9162011 35. McCabe C.J. Boelaert K. Tannahill L.A. Heaney A.P. Stratford A.L. Khaira J.S. Hussain S. Sheppard M.C. Franklyn J.A. Gittoes N.J.L. …