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From Pathogenesis to Intervention: The Importance of the Microbiome in Oral Mucositis.

Oral mucositis (OM) is a common and impactful toxicity of standard cancer therapy, affecting up to 80% of patients. Its aetiology centres on the initial destruction of epithelial cells and the increase in inflammatory signals. These changes in the oral mucosa create a hostile environment for resident microbes, with oral infections co-occurring with OM, especially at sites of ulceration. Increasing evidence suggests that oral microbiome changes occur beyond opportunistic infection, with a growing appreciation for the potential role of the microbiome in OM development and severity. This review c

Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy: challenges and opportunities in lung cancer.

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has revolutionized the paradigm in hematological malignancies treatment, driving an ever-expanding number of basic research and clinical trials of genetically engineering T cells to treat solid tumors. CAR T-cell therapies based on the antibodies targeting Mesothelin, CEA, EGFR, EGFR, MUC1, DLL3, and emerging novel targets provide promising efficacy for lung cancer patients. However, clinical application of CAR T-cell therapy against lung cancer remains limited on account of physical and immune barriers, antigen escape and heterogeneity, on-target

Modeling treatment-dependent glioma growth including a dormant tumor cell subpopulation.

BackgroundTumors comprise a variety of specialized cell phenotypes adapted to different ecological niches that massively influence the tumor growth and its response to treatment.MethodsIn the background of glioblastoma multiforme, a highly malignant brain tumor, we consider a rapid proliferating phenotype that appears susceptible to treatment, and a dormant phenotype which lacks this pronounced proliferative ability and is not affected by standard therapeutic strategies. To gain insight in the dynamically changing proportions of different tumor cell phenotypes under different treatment conditi

The Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Bone Regeneration and Associated Bone Diseases.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoscale particles with a lipid bilayer membrane structure secreted by various cell types. Nearly all human cells secrete EVs, primarily mediating intercellular communication. In recent years, scientists have discovered that EVs can carry multiple biological cargos, such as DNA, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), proteins, cytokines, and lipids, and mediate intercellular signal transduction. Bone is a connective tissue with a nerve supply and high vascularization. The repair process after injury is highly complex, involving interactions among multiple cell types and bi

Guideline "diagnosis and non interventional therapy of neuropathic pain" of the German Society of Neurology (deutsche Gesellschaft für Neurologie).

2019 the DGN (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Neurology) published a new guideline on the diagnosis and non-interventional therapy of neuropathic pain of any etiology excluding trigeminal neuralgia and CRPS (complex regional pain syndrome). Neuropathic pain occurs after lesion or damage of the somatosensory system. Besides clinical examination several diagnostic procedures are recommended to assess the function of nociceptive A-delta and C-Fibers (skin biopsy, quantitative sensory testing, Laser-evoked potentials, Pain-evoked potentials, corneal confocal microscopy, axon reflex testing). First line

Модерация нейроинфламмы в области питания при болезни Альцгеймера и слабом когнитивном расстройстве: систематический анализ клинических и предклинических данных.

Источник: Neuroinflammation — ключевой источник патогенеза болезни Альцгеймера (AD) и легкого когнитивного расстройства (MCI). Меры в области питания были предложены в качестве потенциальных модуляторов нейро-воспалительных путей; однако последовательность и сила имеющихся данных остаются неопределенными. В ходе этого систематического обзора была проведена оценка клинических и предклинических данных о воздействии мер в области питания на нейроэнфламационные механизмы, имеющие отношение к AD и MCI.MetodsPubMed/MedLINE, Embase, Scopus и Web of Science, систематически проводились исследования по

:: 8th Европейский конгресс фармацевтики: выдержки из выступлений

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Comprehensive machine learning analysis of PANoptosis signatures in multiple myeloma identifies prognostic and immunotherapy biomarkers.

PANoptosis is closely associated with tumorigenesis and therapeutic response, yet its role in multiple myeloma (MM) remains unclear. This study analyzed bulk transcriptomic and clinical data from the TCGA and GEO databases to identify seven PANoptosis-related genes (PRGs) using machine learning (LASSO regression and random forest models) and univariate Cox analysis, and constructed a prognostic risk model. The model demonstrated robust predictive performance across three external validation cohorts. High-risk patients exhibited higher tumor purity, increased tumor mutational burden, and distin

Harnessing the Therapeutic Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Cancer Treatment.

Cancer, as a complicated disease, is considered to be one of the major leading causes of death globally. Although various cancer therapeutic strategies have been established, however, some issues confine the efficacies of the treatments. In recent decades researchers for finding efficient therapeutic solutions have extensively focused on the abilities of stem cells in cancer inhibition. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stromal cells that can the most widely extracted from various sources such as the bone marrow (BM), placenta, umbilical cord (UC), menses blood, Wharton's jelly (WJ

Complete spectrum of adverse events associated with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapies.

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapies have been approved by FDA to treat relapsed or refractory hematological malignancies. However, the adverse effects of CAR-T cell therapies are complex and can be challenging to diagnose and treat. In this review, we summarize the major adverse events, including cytokine release syndrome (CRS), immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS), and CAR T-cell associated HLH (carHLH), and discuss their pathophysiology, symptoms, grading, and diagnosis systems, as well as management. In a future outlook, we also provide an overview of

Real-world outcomes of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in the biosimilar era.

BackgroundDiffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is an aggressive and the most common type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). The clinical use of rituximab has improved the treatment response and survival of patients with DLBCL. The introduction of rituximab biosimilar into healthcare system has helped in providing a cost-effective treatment to B-cell lymphoid malignancies as standard of care and has improved access to patients worldwide. The aim of this study was to observe the real-world effectiveness and safety of Reditux™ and Ristova® in DLBCL patients.MethodsObservational study in adults with

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… The protocol and informed-consent forms were approved by Independent Ethics Committee at study centers. All patients provided their written informed consent. …

Attitudes, expectations, and lived experiences of cancer patients receiving dendritic cell vaccine therapy in Japan.

ObjectiveImmunotherapeutic approaches to cancer, such as dendritic cell vaccine therapy, promise to improve survival rate but may present unique challenges to patients. However, there is no research on the lived experiences of cancer patients receiving dendritic cell vaccine therapy. The aim of this study was to explore the attitudes, expectations, and experiences of cancer patients receiving dendritic cell vaccine therapy in Japan.MethodsThis was an exploratory qualitative study. A descriptive phenomenological approach was used to investigate the experiences of eight advanced-stage cancer pat

Свойства измерений и их применение WHODAS 2.0 в многоразовом склерозе: систематический обзор.

Фон/задачи: Множественный склероз (МС) влияет на моторное, когнитивное, психологическое и социальное функционирование, которое не в полной мере фиксируется на основе нарушений. В ходе этого систематического обзора была проведена оценка свойств измерений и их применения в соответствии с графиком Всемирной организации здравоохранения по оценке инвалидности (WHODAS) 2.0 для взрослых с МЗ в исследовательских и клинических контекстах. Методы: с момента создания библиотеки Пубмед/МЕДЛИН, Эмбазы, Скопуса, Сети науки и Кокрана до 25 мая 2026 года был проведен обыск. В ходе соответствующих экспертных и

62nd Annual Conference of the Indian Society of Gastroenterology, February 10th - 13th, 2022, Pune.

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Снижение смертности в миеломе, несмотря на новелл-терапию: глобальные диспропорции по социально-демографическому индексу, 1990-2023.

Несмотря на значительные терапевтические достижения в миеломе, включая протеазные ингибиторы, иммуномодулятивные препараты, anti-CD38 По-прежнему не ясно, в какой степени эти новшества воплощаются в пособиях по смертности на уровне населения. Предыдущие данные являются недостаточными, поскольку большинство исследований ограничиваются исследованиями с высоким уровнем доходов или клиническими испытаниями и не содержат глобального анализа, стратифицированного социально-демографическим индексом (ИПД), что ограничивает понимание справедливого реального воздействия в различных контекстах ресурсов. Ц

Vacuoles, E1 Enzyme, X-linked, Autoinflammatory, and Somatic (VEXAS) Syndrome: A Case Report.

VEXAS is an acronym that stands for the technical terms of key descriptors of the condition: vacuoles, E1 enzyme, X-linked, autoinflammatory, and somatic (VEXAS) syndrome, which is a recently identified autoinflammatory disorder primarily affecting men older than 50 years of age. It is commonly associated with a somatic mutation in the X-linked ubiquitin-activating enzyme-encoding UBA1 gene. This condition manifests in a range of hematologic and systemic inflammatory symptoms, such as cytopenias, recurrent fevers, and an elevated risk for hematologic malignancies like myelodysplastic syndrome

Долгосрочные результаты и прогнозы идиопатического оптического нерита: исследование кохарта.

ВВЕДЕНИЕ: Пациенты, у которых был диагностирован оптический неуриит (ON), не соответствующий диагностическим критериям для множественных склерозов (MS), расстройства спектра нейромиелита оптика (NMO-SD), были подвергнуты тестированию с отрицательным mielin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein Immonglobulin G и в отношении которых было исключено системное заболевание, относятся к категории лиц, страдающих идиопатией (IDON). Это было моноцентрическое ретроспективное исследование. Критерии включения были следующими: пациенты с IDON, отсутствие альтернативного диагноза в течение первого периода 2 годы, по

Investigation of the stresses on pterygoid and zygomatic implants used in atrophic maxilla rehabilitation by finite element analysis.

IMPORTANCE: The Electronic Activity Card Sort (ACS3) is an online adaptation of the in-person Activity Card Sort (ACS). It is important to validate the ACS3 within clinical populations. OBJECTIVE: To assess the discriminant validity of the ACS3 between persons with multiple sclerosis (MS) and those with traumatic brain injury (TBI). DESIGN: Cross-sectional. SETTING: Telehealth. PARTICIPANTS: Community-dwelling adults with either MS (n = 11) or TBI (n = 11). OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The ACS3 was administered via virtual interview. Analyses (t tests) were conducted to compare persons with TBI

Atrial Fibrillation With Decompensated Heart Failure Complicated With Non-ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction.

Non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) has a less severe ratio of acute coronary syndromes compared with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), arising from complete occlusion of a major coronary artery. The name implies a syndrome that does not exhibit the dramatic ST-elevation seen in the traditional 12-lead ECG in chest pain patients with a confirmed diagnosis of STEMI. The crucial clinical significance of NSTEMI is that delay in diagnosis can lead to increased morbidity, risk of arrhythmia, and death. It was recently reported that atrial fibrillation (AF) correlates w

Fanconi Syndrome in an Adult With Chronic Alcohol Use Disorder: A Rare Etiology.

Fanconi syndrome is described as a defect in the proximal tubular reabsorption of glucose, amino acids, uric acid, phosphate, and bicarbonate, falling under type 2 renal tubular acidosis (RTA). Some common causes include drugs, heavy metals, infections, and genetics (particularly mitochondrial disorders).  We present a case of a 33-year-old Caucasian female with chronic alcohol use disorder. She was treated for acute kidney injury (AKI) but had persistent hypophosphatemia, hypokalemia, hypouricemia, low bicarbonate, along with glycosuria consistent with Fanconi syndrome. An exhaustive workup r