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Development potential of rifalazil.

Rifalazil represents a new generation of ansamycins that contain a unique four-ring structure. Originally rifalazil was developed as a therapeutic agent to replace rifampin as part of a multiple drug regimen in the treatment of tuberculosis. As a result of its superior antimicrobial activity and high intracellular levels, rifalazil has potential to treat indications caused by the intracellular pathogen, Chlamydia trachomatis, which causes non-gonococcal urethritis and cervicitis, often leading to pelvic inflammatory disease. Rifalazil also has potential to treat the related microorganism, Chla…

Detection of cervical infections in colposcopy clinic patients.

The purpose of this study was to determine if Neisseria gonorrhoeae; Chlamydia trachomatis; herpes simplex virus; cytomegalovirus; Epstein-Barr virus; human herpesviruses 6, 7, and 8; or adeno-associated virus influenced the production of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Two hundred thirty-one cervical smear samples were tested for the presence of the organisms by PCR. In addition, human papillomavirus types in the samples were determined by PCR and classified into cancer risk types of high, moderate, and low. There was no link with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia status and detection of…

Chlamydial cervicitis and urethritis: single dose treatment compared with doxycycline for seven days in community based practises.

STUDY GOAL: To compare the efficacy and safety of single 1 g oral azithromycin with doxycycline, 100 mg twice daily for seven days for treatment of uncomplicated urogenital chlamydial infection. STUDY DESIGN: Randomised, unblinded, comparative trial, involving 597 patients demonstrating clinical evidence of genital chlamydia and a positive non-culture assay for Chlamydia trachomatis. RESULTS: Among the azithromycin- and doxycycline-treated patients 61% and 60%, respectively, were asymptomatic within one week after the first dose. At two weeks, these figures increased to 86% and 83%, respecti…

Susceptibility of upper-genital tract isolates from women with pelvic inflammatory disease to ampicillin, cefpodoxime, metronidazole, and doxycycline.

The antibiotics that are recommended for treatment of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) in the outpatient setting are efficacious against Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis. The susceptibility of non-sexually transmitted pathogens to these agents has not been well studied. The mean inhibitory concentrations of ampicillin, cefpodoxime, metronidazole, and doxycycline were determined for 137 upper-genital tract isolates from 84 women with confirmed PID. Antibiotic resistance was noted in 16%, 9%, 93%, and 72% of the facultative and 0%, 11%, 10%, and 56% of the anaerobic bacteria when…

Treatment of chlamydial infections of the cervix during pregnancy.

Chlamydia trachomatis infections in pregnancy are associated with a high rate of transmission to the newborn and may be associated with poor obstetrical outcome including low birth weight, premature delivery, stillbirth and neonatal death. This prospective study of 99 chlamydia infected women assessed the clinical efficacy of treating chlamydial infections diagnosed at the initial obstetrical visit. Twelve women had concomitant gonococcal and/or urinary tract infections. Seven day regimens of erythromycin 1 gm per day and erythromycin 2 gm per day appear to be equally effective (95.1% and 92.3…

Acute salpingitis and thiamphenicol: a microbiologic and therapeutic study.

Eighty-five sexually active women with clinically suspected adnexitis and illness severe enough to require hospitalization were studied. The … or specimens from the intraperitoneal cavity are necessary for the diagnosis of infection caused by Chlamydia trachomatis. Primary treatment with thiamphenicol was successful in 77 (91%) of the 85 patients. Thus, thiamphenicol proved to be effective in the treatment of acute adnexitis.

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE VAGINAL MICROBIOTA, CERVICAL AND UTERINE FLORA IN WOMEN WITH THE PAST HISTORY OF SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS.

OBJECTIVE: The aim: To identify the characteristics of the vaginal microbiota, cervical and uterine flora in women with the past history of … obligate anaerobes, was detected in 70 (72.9%) cases, where 11 (11.4%) patients were diagnosed with Chlamydia trachomatis, 2 (2.1%) - N.gonorrhoeae. Chlamydia trachomatis and Mycoplasma genitalium were registered in 11 (11.5%) and 19 (19.8%) cases, respectively, and were not detected in controls. Ureaplasma urealyticum in the cervical canal outnumbered the diagnostic l …

[Evidence of antibodies against the chlamydial heat shock protein (cHSP60) in women from "in vitro" fertilization program].

OBJECTIVE: A contribution to the role of chlamydial heat shock protein in women from the IVF program. DESIGN: A serological study proving the antibodies against the chlamydial heat shock protein. SETTING: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Department of Clinical Microbiology, and Centrum of Reproductive Medicine, Faculty Hospital Brno. METHODS: The IgG antibodies against the chlamydial heat shock protein (cHSP60) and the IgA and IgG antibodies against species specific chlamydial major outer membrane protein (cMOMP) of Chlamydia trachomatis (C. trachomatis) and Chlamydophila pneumoniae (C.…

Identification of a Novel p53 Modulator Endowed with Antitumoural and Antibacterial Activity through a Scaffold Repurposing Approach.

Intracellular pathogens, such as Chlamydia trachomatis, have been recently shown to induce degradation of p53 during infection, thus impairing the protective response of the host cells. Therefore, p53 reactivation by disruption of the p53-MDM2 complex could reduce infection and restore pro-apoptotic effect of p53. Here, we report the identification of a novel MDM2 inhibitor with potential antitumoural and antibacterial activity able to reactivate p53. A virtual screening was performed on an in-house chemical library, previously synthesised for other targets, and led to the identification of a …

Chlamydia repurposes the actin-binding protein EPS8 to disassemble epithelial tight junctions and promote infection.

Invasive microbial pathogens often disrupt epithelial barriers, yet the mechanisms used to dismantle tight junctions are poorly understood. Here, we show that the obligate pathogen Chlamydia trachomatis uses the effector protein TepP to transiently disassemble tight junctions early during infection. TepP alters the tyrosine phosphorylation status of host proteins involved in cytoskeletal regulation, including the filamentous actin-binding protein EPS8. We determined that TepP and EPS8 are necessary and sufficient to remodel tight junctions and that the ensuing disruption of epithelial barrier …

[Should a laparoscopy be necessary in case of infertility with normal tubes at hysterosalpingography?].

The aetiological assessment of an infertile couple includes several complementary biological and morphological examinations. Initial exploration of the female genital tract requires the performance of pelvic ultrasound and hysterosalpingography. The value of systematic laparoscopy in infertility assessment is still subject to debate. The aim of the present review is to evaluate arguments against the systematic use of laparoscopy and to define the place of the other tests as Chlamydia Trachomatis serology, hysterosalpingosonography and MR-IRM. In our opinion, laparoscopy is of course indicated …

Насколько надежным является клинический осмотр при обнаружении окулярной хламидиальной инфекции?

ЦЕЛЬ: Описание взаимосвязи между клиническим экзаменом на трахому и цепной реакцией на полимеразу (ПХД) на окулярную хламидию. МЕТОДЫ: Сто детей в районе, эндемичном для трахомы в Эфиопии, осматривали три раза и дважды мазали для анализа ПЦР. Были сопоставлены результаты анализа, и был проведен анализ разницы между экзаменами и ПЦР. Результаты: Соглашение о межпрокурорском контроле составило 0,57 (каппа Коэна), соглашение о межПХР 0,98 и соглашение между экзаменатором и ПЦР, 0,26-0,34. Положительное прогнозное значение экзамена по выявлению инфекции составило 66%. Разница между экзаменами и ПЦ

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
PURPOSE: To describe the relationship between the clinical exam for trachoma and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for ocular chlamydia. … xam is widely used due to its convenience and low cost. Efforts to make laboratory tests for ocular Chlamydia trachomatis more affordable would be useful.

Do STD clinics correctly diagnose STDs? An assessment of STD management in Hefei, China.

The main purposes of the study were to assess the accuracy of laboratory testing and the diagnosis by physicians in sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics in Hefei, China. Among 347 men complaining of urethral discharge or dysuria, 240 tested positive at the National Centre for either Neisseria gonorrhoeae or Chlamydia trachomatis, 310 tested positive according to the clinic laboratories, and 347 were diagnosed by the physicians. For chlamydia, the sensitivity and positive predictive value (PPV) of the clinic laboratories were 55% and 26%, and for the diagnosis by the physicians were 61% a…

Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene of micro-organism WSU 86-1044 from an aborted bovine foetus reveals that it is a member of the order Chlamydiales: proposal of Waddliaceae fam. nov., Waddlia chondrophila gen. nov., sp. nov.

The structural gene encoding the 16S rRNA of the new obligate intracellular organism presently designated WSU 86-1044T was sequenced and analysed to establish its phylogenetic relationships. The 16S rDNA sequence was most closely related to those of chlamydial species, having 84.7-85.3% sequence similarity, while it had 72.4-73.2% similarity with rickettsia-like organisms. When the sequences of the four species of chlamydiae (Chlamydophila psittaci, Chlamydia trachomatis, Chlamydophila pneumoniae and Chlamydophila pecorum) were compared, they had > 93% sequence similarity indicating that WSU 8…

IL-27 Signaling Promotes Th1 Response by Downregulating IL-10 Production in DCs during Chlamydial Respiratory Infection.

Chlamydia trachomatis usually causes mucosal infections, bringing considerable morbidity and socioeconomic burden worldwide. We previously revealed that IL-27/IL-27R mediates protection against chlamydial invasion by promoting a protective Th1 response and suppressing neutrophilic inflammation. Here, we used the mouse model of Chlamydia muridarum (C. muridarum) respiratory infections to further investigate the impact of IL-27 signaling in the DCs-regulated immune response, since an elevated IL-27/IL-27R expression in DCs was identified following chlamydial infection. An adoptive transfer of Ch…

A post-invasion role for Chlamydia type III effector TarP in modulating the dynamics and organization of host cell focal adhesions.

The human pathogen Chlamydia trachomatis targets epithelial cells lining the genital mucosa. We observed that infection of various cell types, including fibroblasts and epithelial cells resulted in the formation of unusually stable and mature focal adhesions that resisted disassembly induced by the myosin II inhibitor, blebbistatin. Superresolution microscopy revealed in infected cells the vertical displacement of paxillin and focal adhesion kinase from the signaling layer of focal adhesions, whereas vinculin remained in its normal position within the force transduction layer. The candidate ty…

[Effect of combined therapy using complex of natural cytokines and antimicrobial peptides in urogenital infections caused by Chlamydia and Mycoplasma].

AIM: To study efficacy of complex therapy of urogenital infections caused by Chlamydia and Mycoplasma using immunomodulator Superlimph. MAT … were simultaneously treated with josamycin and immunomodulator (group 3). RESULTS: Combinations of Chlamydia trachomatis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Gardnerella vaginalis and Mycoplasma genitalium were identified in 30 - 35% of cases before treatment. After treatment with josamycin (group 1) or simultaneous therapy with josamycin and immunomodulator (group 3) considerabl …

Sexually transmitted infections manifesting as proctitis.

There is a rising incidence of several sexually transmitted infections (STIs), many of which can present with proctitis. Causative organisms include Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, herpes simplex virus, Treponema pallidum (syphilis), Giardia lamblia (giardiasis) and Entamoeba histolytica (amoebiasis). This paper outlines important clinical discriminators and key investigations to distinguish these organisms from non-infective pathology that include inflammatory bowel disease, solitary rectal ulcer syndrome and Behçet's syndrome. Management of these infections is described and sug…

Rifampin, a useful drug for nonmycobacterial infections.

Rifampin has clinical efficacy against a wide variety of organisms, including Staphylococcus aureus, Legionella pneumophila, group A Streptococcus, Brucella sp, Haemophilus influenzae, and Neisseria meningitidis, as well as in vitro activity against penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, Haemophilus ducreyi, and many gram-negative rods. Rifampin is a useful drug for several types of bacterial infections because of its broad spectrum of activity, excellent tissue penetration, and low side effect profile. In combination with other antibiotics…

[Urethro-adnexitis in the man and acute urethral syndrome in the woman. Microbiological and immunologic studies of etiologic classification].

Both common pathogens and unconventional, fastidious bacteria, viruses, parasites, and fungi are causative agents in male urethro-adnexitis and in female acute urethral syndrome. Uropathogens, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Treponema pallidum, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma spp., Haemophilus ducreyi, Calymmatobacterium granulomatis, Gardnerella vaginalis, anaerobic bacteria, Herpes simplex virus type II (HSV II), papillomaviruses (HPV), Trichomonas vaginalis and Candida spp. must be considered. The various diagnostic procedures and criteria applied for aetiological class…