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Extrahepatic Cancer Risk in Patients with Hepatitis C Virus Infection Treated with Direct-Acting Antivirals.

Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is associated with an increased risk of extrahepatic cancers, particularly non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The introduction of direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) has revolutionized HCV therapy, resulting in high cure rates. However, concerns have been raised about potential effects on cancer risk. This review summarizes the current evidence on extrahepatic cancer risk in HCV-infected patients treated with DAAs. We examined epidemiologic data on HCV-associated extrahepatic cancers and explored potential mechanisms linking HCV to carcinogenesis outside the liver. Stu

The emerging role of exosomes in innate immunity, diagnosis and therapy.

Exosomes, which are nano-sized transport bio-vehicles, play a pivotal role in maintaining homeostasis by exchanging genetic or metabolic information between different cells. Exosomes can also play a vital role in transferring virulent factors between the host and parasite, thereby regulating host gene expression and the immune interphase. The association of inflammation with disease development and the potential of exosomes to enhance or mitigate inflammatory pathways support the notion that exosomes have the potential to alter the course of a disease. Clinical trials exploring the role of exo

Postoperative Natural Killer Cell Dysfunction: The Prime Suspect in the Case of Metastasis Following Curative Cancer Surgery.

Surgical resection is the foundation for the curative treatment of solid tumors. However, metastatic recurrence due to the difficulty in eradicating micrometastases remain a feared outcome. Paradoxically, despite the beneficial effects of surgical removal of the primary tumor, the physiological stress resulting from surgical trauma serves to promote cancer recurrence and metastasis. The postoperative environment suppresses critical anti-tumor immune effector cells, including Natural Killer (NK) cells. The literature suggests that NK cells are critical mediators in the formation of metastases i

Oncogenes: The Passport for Viral Oncolysis Through PKR Inhibition.

The transforming properties of oncogenes are derived from gain-of-function mutations, shifting cell signaling from highly regulated homeostatic to an uncontrolled oncogenic state, with the contribution of the inactivating mutations in tumor suppressor genes P53 and RB, leading to tumor resistance to conventional and target-directed therapy. On the other hand, this scenario fulfills two requirements for oncolytic virus infection in tumor cells: inactivation of tumor suppressors and presence of oncoproteins, also the requirements to engage malignancy. Several of these oncogenes have a negative i

The updated landscape of tumor microenvironment and drug repurposing.

Accumulating evidence shows that cellular and acellular components in tumor microenvironment (TME) can reprogram tumor initiation, growth, invasion, metastasis, and response to therapies. Cancer research and treatment have switched from a cancer-centric model to a TME-centric one, considering the increasing significance of TME in cancer biology. Nonetheless, the clinical efficacy of therapeutic strategies targeting TME, especially the specific cells or pathways of TME, remains unsatisfactory. Classifying the chemopathological characteristics of TME and crosstalk among one another can greatly b

The crosstalk network of non-coding RNAs: Emerging opportunities for the clinical application of osteoporosis.

Current methods for testing bone density lack the capability to detect patients with early bone loss, and existing osteoporosis therapies have limitations in their efficacy and safety. Therefore, the development of more precise and convenient diagnostic technologies and novel treatments is of paramount importance. Extracellular vesicle (EV)-mediated non-coding RNA (ncRNA) interaction networks enable both the detection of early bone loss and targeted therapy for enhanced treatment outcomes. In this review, we highlight the utility of EVs for carrying various ncRNAs (e.g., miRNAs, lncRNAs, and c

Poly(ethylene glycol)-Prodrug Conjugates: Concept, Design, and Applications.

Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) is the most widely used polymer in delivering anticancer drugs clinically. PEGylation (i.e., the covalent attachment of PEG) of peptides proteins, drugs, and bioactives is known to enhance the aqueous solubility of hydrophobic drugs, prolong circulation time, minimize nonspecific uptake, and achieve specific tumor targetability through the enhanced permeability and retention effect. Numerous PEG-based therapeutics have been developed, and several have received market approval. A vast amount of clinical experience has been gained which has helped to design PEG prodru

Novel combinations to improve hematopoiesis in myelodysplastic syndrome.

Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) represents a heterogeneous group of clonal hematopoietic disorders, which is characterized by cytopenias in the peripheral blood and bone marrow dysplasia due to ineffective hematopoiesis. Patients with MDS have an increased risk of transformation to acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Although the molecular basis of MDS is heterogeneous, several studies demonstrated the significant contribution of the dysregulated immune system in accelerating MDS progression. The immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment is shown to induce tolerance of MDS blasts, which may result in

Therapeutic strategies against cancer cachexia.

Cancer cachexia has two main components: anorexia and metabolic alterations. The main changes associated with the development of this multi-organic syndrome are glucose intolerance, fat depletion and muscle protein hypercatabolism. The aim of this paper is to review the more recent therapeutic approaches designed to counteract the wasting suffered by the cancer patient with cachexia. Among the most promising approaches we can include the use of ghrelin agonists, beta-blockers, beta-adrenergic agonists, androgen receptor agonists and anti-myostatin peptides. The multi-targeted approach seems es

Clinical uses of GM-CSF, a critical appraisal and update.

The role of granulocyte-macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in the supportive care of cancer patients has been evaluated with promising results. More recently, GM-CSF has been added to regimens for the mobilization of hematopoietic progenitor cells. An expanding role for GM-CSF in regulating immune responses has been recognized based upon its activity on the development and maturation of antigen presenting cells and its capability for skewing the immune system toward Th1-type responses. GM-CSF has been shown to preferentially enhance both the numbers and activity of type 1 dendritic

Варианты лечения под воздействием болезней при очень раннем многоразовом склерозе - какие варианты имеются для включения под действием 5 Годы? Систематический обзор.

Фон/задачи: Очень ранний педиатрический множественный склероз (POMS) встречается редко; клинические исследования с использованием методов коррекции заболеваний (DMT) не проводились. Клинические работники полагаются на исследования, проводимые в пожилом возрасте. Этот обзор стал результатом трудностей, с которыми сталкиваются врачи, и несанкционированного использования ДМТ в этом возрасте. Методы: Обзор литературы исследований, проведенных в период между 1982 и 2025 на очень раннем этапе ПОМС, особенно с наступлением до достижения возраста 5, был выполнен в поисках результатов без DMT или без D

Tailoring cells for clinical needs: Meeting report from the Advanced Therapy in Healthcare symposium (October 28-29 2017, Doha, Qatar).

New technologies and therapies designed to facilitate development of personalized treatments are rapidly emerging in the field of biomedicine. Strikingly, the goal of personalized medicine refined the concept of therapy by developing cell-based therapies, the so-called "living drugs". Breakthrough advancements were achieved in this regard in the fields of gene therapy, cell therapy, tissue-engineered products and advanced therapeutic techniques. The Advanced Therapies in Healthcare symposium, organized by the Clinical Research Center Department of Sidra Medicine, in Doha, Qatar (October 2017),

Получение новых результатов от старых сканировок путем восстановления клинических архивов МРТ для многократных исследований склероза.

Биомаркеры магнитного резонанса (MRI) имеют жизненно важное значение для многочисленных склерозовых (MS) клинических исследований и испытаний, однако их количественная оценка требует многоконтактных протоколов и ограничивает использование обширных одноконтактных больничных архивов. Мы разработали MindGlide, модель глубокого обучения для извлечения частиц мозга и повреждений белой материи из любого отдельного контраста МРТ. Мы тренировали MindGlide. 4247 МРТ сканирования мозга 2934 Психиатрические синдромы по всему району 592 сканеров и внешних аттестационных устройств 14,952 сканирование с 1,0

NF-κB: master regulator of cellular responses in health and disease.

The NF-κB transcription control proteins play widespread roles in cellular behavior, regulating immune responses, inflammation, cell survival, proliferation, and development. Here, we attempt to comprehensively review these diverse functions and underlying mechanisms, leading readers to relevant references of both historic and topical importance. Because of the huge number of NF-κB control mechanisms and functions, and the vast literature that describes these, being comprehensive is a daunting task but we hope that readers will find clues to lead them to whatever understanding they may seek. A

Lipid nanoparticle-mediated mRNA/siRNA dual-bioengineered dendritic cell vaccines combined of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade for boosting tumor immunotherapy.

DC vaccines occupy a pivotal position in the realm of cancer treatment, leveraging the immune system to precisely target and effectively eliminate tumor cells. However, current challenges in tumor DC vaccine development include issues such as limited efficacy and potential upregulation of immunosuppressive molecules like PD-L1 on tumor cells. Herein, we employed microfluidic technology to fabricate lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) that simultaneously encapsulate OVA mRNA (mOVA), encoding the model antigen OVA, and siRNA targeting PD-L1. The LNP/mOVA/siPD-L1 nanoparticles were utilized to transfect b

Совпадение в полном тексте источника
… Small extracellular vesicles carrying reovirus, tumor antigens, interferon-beta, and damage-associated molecular patterns for efficient tumor treatment. J Control Release. 2024;374:89–102. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.07.079. 16. …

Углубленный анализ антител сыворотки против белков жизненного цикла вируса Эпштейн-Барр и EBNA1, ANO2, GlialCAM и CRYAB peptides у пациентов с множественным склерозом.

Была установлена тесная связь между множественным склерозом (MS) и вирусом Эпштейн-Барр (EBV), однако точная роль EBV в НР остается спорной. В последнее время в качестве возможного патофизиологического механизма было предложено использовать молекулярную аналогию между EBNA1 и специфической GlialCAM, CRYAB и ANO2. Цель этого исследования состояла в том, чтобы проанализировать антиЭБВ-организмы у пациентов, страдающих ОВБ, на предмет выявления (I) белков жизненного цикла, (II) переносных реактивных пептидов и (III) в ходе лечения.МЕТОДЫ: В этом ретроспективном поперечном исследовании 258 Включен

Advances and clinical applications of immune checkpoint inhibitors in hematological malignancies.

Immune checkpoints are differentially expressed on various immune cells to regulate immune responses in tumor microenvironment. Tumor cells can activate the immune checkpoint pathway to establish an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and inhibit the anti-tumor immune response, which may lead to tumor progression by evading immune surveillance. Interrupting co-inhibitory signaling pathways with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) could reinvigorate the anti-tumor immune response and promote immune-mediated eradication of tumor cells. As a milestone in tumor treatment, ICIs have been first

34th Annual Meeting & Pre-Conference Programs of the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC 2019): part 2 : National Harbor, MD, USA. 10 November 2019.

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Are medication-induced salivary changes the culprit of osteonecrosis of the jaw? A systematic review.

PURPOSE: This systematic review was performed to assess the potential influence of medication-induced salivary changes on the development of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ). METHODS: An electronic search was conducted using PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Embase databases for articles published up to June 2023. A risk of bias assessment was performed according to the modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Due to the heterogeneity of the selected studies in relation to the type of medications and outcomes evaluated, a meta-analysis could not be performed. RESULTS: Th

Management of mantle cell lymphoma in the elderly patient.

Mantle cell lymphoma is a relatively rare B-cell lymphoma with a specific genetic lesion and a typical immunophenotypic profile. The median age is 65 years. There is no curative treatment, except allogeneic stem cell transplantation for a selected group of patients. For the majority of patients, especially the elderly, the aim of therapy should therefore be a long progression-free survival. Age and comorbidity may hamper the use of the most active treatment regimen, such as high dose cytarabine and autologous stem cell transplantation. Therefore, it is a challenge to select the most appropriat