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Extracellular actin impairs glomerular capillary repair in experimental mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis.

Exogenous administration of actin prevents tumour growth in mice by specifically antagonizing angiogenin, a potent inducer of neovascularization. To investigate whether the angiogenin/actin system is also of importance in renal disease, we examined the effect of actin during glomerular capillary repair in anti-Thy-1.1 mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis. Male Wistar rats were injected intravenously with actin, a control protein, i.e. albumin, or vehicle alone at 8, 16, 24, 32, 40 and 48 h after disease induction. On day 8, actin-treated rats showed significantly more microaneurysms and pe

Atheroembolic renal failure requiring dialysis: potential for renal recovery? A review of 43 cases.

AIMS: Our objectives were to review the characteristics of patients who developed atheroembolic renal disease requiring dialysis as well as their renal function recovery and survival rates. METHODS: All cases of atheroembolic disease with renal failure severe enough to require dialysis were reviewed from January 1984 to December 2000 in two centers. The diagnosis of atheroemboli was based on clinical presentation and/or biopsy. Acute renal failure was defined as a serum creatinine >200 micromol/l if normal at baseline or doubling from baseline if chronic renal failure, whereas renal function

Urinary sediment podocalyxin in children with glomerular diseases.

BACKGROUND: In an immunofluorescence study using antibody to podocalyxin, we reported that urinary excretion of podocytes reflected podocyte injury in glomeruli. However, this method has some problems, since it is basically urine cytology. To overcome problems with this test, we measured whole podocalyxin content in urine sediment by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). METHODS: Urinary sediment podocalyxin (u-sed-PCX) content of the first morning urine was quantified by ELISA after solubilization by detergent. We measured urine samples from children with various glomerular diseases and

Increased urinary protein excretion in children from families with balkan endemic nephropathy.

BACKGROUND: Balkan endemic nephropathy (BEN) has not been described in children, however some previous studies of children from families with BEN have revealed abnormalities of the urinary tract including an increased urinary protein excretion. METHODS: In the present study, urinary excretion of total protein was studied in 703 healthy children, aged 9-13, from endemic and non-endemic settlements around the South Morava River. Since BEN is an environmentally induced disease, with possible seasonal variation of toxin(s), children were studied three times a year: in spring, autumn and winter, d

Урмодулин для различения между гломерулонефритом, диабетической болезнью почек и нефросклерозом в биопсии-провенном коорте.

Фон/цели: Клинически важное значение имеет проведение различия между гломерулонефритом (ГН) и диабетическим заболеванием почек (DKD) и нефросклерозом (NS). Урмодулин (uUMOD), биомаркер почечной трубки, может способствовать дискриминации между этими хроническими заболеваниями почек (CKD) и этиологией. Мы оценили диагностическую полезность UUMOD для деления GN на DKD и NS. Методы: Это ретроспективное одноцентральное исследование охватывало 90 пациентов с биопсией GN (n = 30), DKD (n = 25) или NS (n = 35). Первые утренние пробы мочи, полученные до биопсии, были проанализированы с точки зрения кон

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… Because UMOD is synthesized by a defined segment of each functioning nephron, its urinary excretion has been proposed to reflect the number of intact nephrons and the structural integrity of the distal tubule rather than glomerular filtration alone [ 19 , 20 ]. … NS is characterized by chronic vascular injury, atherosclerosis, ischemic nephron loss, tubular atrophy, and interstitial fibrosis [ 23 , 24 ]. …

ISN Nexus 2016 Symposia: Translational Immunology in Kidney Disease—The Berlin Roadmap

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Defining diagnostic trajectories in patients with podocytopathies.

Podocytopathies are glomerular disorders in which podocyte injury drives proteinuria and progressive kidney disease. They encompass a broad spectrum of aetiologies, resulting in pathological pictures of minimal-changes, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, diffuse mesangial sclerosis or collapsing glomerulopathy. Despite improvement in classifying podocytopathies as a distinct group of disorders, the histological definition fails to capture the relevant biological heterogeneity underlying each case, manifesting as extensive variability in disease progression and response to therapies. Increasin

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… Of note, whatever the cause and the combination of risk factors acting in determining the onset of podocyte injury and loss, the resulting reduced number of functioning nephrons causes the workload to be spread over the remaining nephrons in an attempt to compensate for the metabolic and functional needs … Although representing a functional adaptation, hyperfiltration of the remnant units establishes a vicious circle leading to gradual sclerosis of the entire pool of nephrons and chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression [ 12 , 13 ]. …

Inoperable Renal Malignant Glomus Tumor, the answers for all the "W's"?

Glomus tumor, arising from glomus bodies (specialized neurovascular structures involved in thermoregulation), commonly occurs in extremities and rarely in viscera. The spectrum of glomus tumors range from benign tumors to tumors with uncertain malignant potential to tumors of the malignant subtype. A vast majority of visceral glomus tumors are benign. Most common visceral tumors arise in the gastrointestinal tract. Glomus tumors of the kidney are a rare entity of which malignant glomus tumors are exceedingly rare. The index patients in the existing case reports were middle-aged males. We repor

Acute kidney injury manifesting as renal tubular acidosis with proximal and distal renal tubular dysfunction in a dog with acute pancreatitis.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical presentation and management of a critically ill dog with profound renal tubular acidosis (RTA) with proximal and distal renal tubular dysfunction. CASE SUMMARY: A 3-year-old neutered female Border Terrier was presented with frequent regurgitation resulting from acute pancreatitis with severe ileus. Venous acid-base analysis and complete urinalysis confirmed the presence of normal anion gap metabolic acidosis with inappropriately alkaline urine (pH 8), consistent with distal RTA. Urinalysis, urine amino acids, and urinary fractional excretion of electrolytes

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… In uremic acidosis, the underlying mechanisms of acid secretion are maintained; therefore, H + excretion per functioning nephron is in fact increased, resulting in a normal response to an acid load that cannot be excreted because of too few nephrons rather than the intrinsic ability of the nephron itself … Nephron . 1989 ; 51 ( 1 ): 56 ‐ 60 . 2563574 10.1159/000185243 22 Easley JR , Breitschwerdt EB . Glucosuria associated with renal tubular dysfunction in 3 Basenji dogs . J Am Vet Med Assoc . 1976 ; 168 ( 10 ): 938 ‐ 943 . 1270337 23 Settles EL , Schmidt D . …

Renal Involvement in Cancer Patients Undergoing Oncology Therapies: Implications for Personalized Treatment Strategies.

Introduction: Oncological therapies have significantly improved patient outcomes but are increasingly associated with renal toxicity, which can markedly influence therapeutic decisions. Integrating early identification of kidney injury into clinical workflows is essential for personalized medicine, allowing treatment tailoring based on individual risk profiles. Aim: To evaluate the incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney Disease (CKD); assess indices of renal function recovery in patients who developed AKI; and investigate the incidence of renal immune-related adverse events

Fanconi Syndrome in an Adult With Chronic Alcohol Use Disorder: A Rare Etiology.

Fanconi syndrome is described as a defect in the proximal tubular reabsorption of glucose, amino acids, uric acid, phosphate, and bicarbonate, falling under type 2 renal tubular acidosis (RTA). Some common causes include drugs, heavy metals, infections, and genetics (particularly mitochondrial disorders).  We present a case of a 33-year-old Caucasian female with chronic alcohol use disorder. She was treated for acute kidney injury (AKI) but had persistent hypophosphatemia, hypokalemia, hypouricemia, low bicarbonate, along with glycosuria consistent with Fanconi syndrome. An exhaustive workup r

Новый тип нарушения почечной функции после радикальной нефрэктомии при почечной карциноме: ретроспективное исследование клинических, интраоперационных и постоперационных факторов риска.

ОБЗОР: Радикальная нефрэктомия является рекомендованным методом лечения локализованного нефрогенного карциномы, когда частичная нефрэктомия не возможна. Этот подход обычно применяется у пациентов с нормальной контрлатеральной нефридой и отсутствием предшествующего хронического почечного заболевания (ХПО). Основная проблема с операцией заключается в потенциальном долгосрочном влиянии на почечную функцию. ЦЕЛИ: Оценить риск развития хронического почечного заболевания после радикальной нефрэктомии. МЕТОДЫ И ПРОЕКТ: Это ретроспективное когортное исследование пациентов с нормальной предоперационн

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… Clinically, age is a distal, indirect determinant of renal function, whereas preoperative eGFR is a proximal and integrative physiological marker reflecting nephron mass, vascular health, and cumulative comorbidity burden. … Chronic kidney disease due to surgical removal of nephrons: relative rates of progression and survival. J Urol 2014; 192: 1057–1062. 8. Malcolm JB, Bagrodia A, Derweesh IH, et al. …

Molecular Mechanisms and Biomarkers Associated with Chemotherapy-Induced AKI.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a life-threatening condition characterized by a rapid and transient decrease in kidney function. AKI is part of an array of conditions collectively defined as acute kidney diseases (AKD). In AKD, persistent kidney damage and dysfunction lead to chronic kidney disease (CKD) over time. A variety of insults can trigger AKI; however, chemotherapy-associated nephrotoxicity is increasingly recognized as a significant side effect of chemotherapy. New biomarkers are urgently needed to identify patients at high risk of developing chemotherapy-associated nephrotoxicity and s

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… In fact, ifosfamide mainly affects the S3 segment of the proximal tubule and/or the distal nephron resulting in Fanconi syndrome. … In this setting, nephron overload, the structural adaptations that promote accelerated loss of kidney epithelia in nephrons challenged by hemodynamic and metabolic overload, represents a typical driver of CKD progression and a therapeutic target [ 208 ]. …

Hypercalcemia From Trenbolone Use: A Case Report.

In this case, a patient presented to the emergency department (ED) with fatigue after CareNow noted abnormal laboratory results. The patient reported using trenbolone, an anabolic-androgenic steroid (AAS) often used for athletic performance enhancement or cosmetic purposes. In the ED, the patient was noted to have significant hypercalcemia (15 mg/dL) and acute kidney injury (AKI) (creatinine 6.02 mg/dL). The workup ruled out malignancy, hyperparathyroidism, and vitamin D toxicity. The patient was admitted and received intravenous fluids and pamidronate, which improved the patient's hypercalcem

Immunoglobulin A Nephropathy: Molecular Pathogenesis and Targeted Therapy.

Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN), the most prevalent primary glomerulonephritis globally, is characterized by mesangial IgA deposition and heterogeneous clinical trajectories. Historically, management relied on renin-angiotensin system inhibition and empirical immunosuppression, yet high lifetime kidney failure risk persists despite optimized care. This review synthesizes advances in molecular pathogenesis, highlighting how the traditional multi-hit hypothesis-while foundational for targeted therapy development-fails to capture IgAN's recurrent, self-amplifying nature. We introduce the "spi

Uncommon Factors Leading to Nephrotic Syndrome.

Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is characterized by proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, edema, and hyperlipidemia. Apart from the traditional causes of NS, such as minimal change disease, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, diabetes, infections, malignancies, autoimmune conditions, and nephrotoxic agents, there are also rare causes of NS, whose knowledge is of the utmost importance. The aim of this article was to highlight the less well-known causes that have a significant impact on diagnosis and treatment. Genetic syndromes such as Schimke immuno-osseous dysplasia, familial lecithin-cholesterol acyltransfe

New insights into therapeutic strategies for the treatment of peritoneal fibrosis: learning from histochemical analyses of animal models.

Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis (EPS) is a fatal complication that can occur in patients undergoing long-term peritoneal dialysis. It is characterized by bowel obstruction and marked sclerotic thickening of the peritoneal membrane. Although the mechanisms underlying the development of EPS are complex, angiogenesis, inflammation, and peritoneal fibrosis are known to be essential factors. Now, several animal models that exhibit EPS have pathophysiology similar to that of human EPS and have been proposed for use in research to provide insights into it. Recent histochemical methods also help us

Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin as a biomarker of disease progression in patients with chronic kidney disease.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with early mortality, decreased quality of life and increased health care expenditures. The aim of this study was to determine whether or not urinary NGAL (uNGAL) level is associated with renal damage and kidney disease progression in patients with CKD and to evaluate the predictive value of uNGAL in progression of CKD. Totally, 91 cases of CKD stage II, III, IV, and 50 age-matched healthy controls were enrolled. The follow-up end-point was 18 months; end-point of the study was progression to an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of <15 ml/mi

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… damage.[ 18 19 ] Recent observation as reported by Mori and Nakao “the forest fire theory” which assume that increased NGAL in CKD is the consequence of its sustained production by inflamed but viable tubular cells whereas rise in serum creatinine and decreased GFR represents general loss of viable nephrons … progression in mice and humans J Clin Invest 2010 120 4065 76 20921623 10.1172/JCI42004 PMC2964970 17 Nielsen SE Hansen HP Jensen BR Parving HH Rossing P Urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and progression of diabetic nephropathy in type 1 diabetic patients in a four-year follow-up study Nephron …

Renal calcification in children with renal tubular acidosis: What a paediatrician ‎should ‎know‎.

Renal tubular acidosis (RTA) can lead to renal calcification in children, which can cause various complications and impair renal function. This review provides pediatricians with a comprehensive understanding of the relationship between RTA and renal calcification, highlighting essential aspects for clinical management. The article analyzed relevant studies to explore the prevalence, risk factors, underlying mechanisms, and clinical implications of renal calcification in children with RTA. Results show that distal RTA (type 1) is particularly associated with nephrocalcinosis, which presents a

Multidisciplinary supportive care in systemic light chain amyloidosis.

The immunoglobulin light-chain amyloidosis is a multisystemic disease which manifests by damage to the vital organs by light chain-derived amyloid fibril. Traditionally, the treatment has been directed to the underlying plasma cell clone with or without high dose chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation using melphalan based conditioning. Now with the approval of highly tolerable anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody daratumumab based anti-plasma cell therapy in 2021, high rates of hematologic complete responses are possible even in patients who are otherwise deemed not a candidat