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Athlete Selective Androgen Receptor Modulators Abuse: A Systematic Review.

BACKGROUND: Selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) are small-molecule compounds that exert agonist and antagonist effects on androge … e, and treat athlete SARM abuse. SARM use is associated with increased muscle mass, hepatotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, tendon damage, and androgenic side effects throughout the body-including prostate enlargement and serum testosterone suppression. Identifying and treating SARM abuse requires taking a thorough substance and supplement use history with open communic …

Risk prediction models for cancer therapy related cardiac dysfunction in patients with cancer and cancer survivors: systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVES: To systematically review all prediction models developed or validated for cancer therapy related cardiac dysfunction (CTRCD) and … ancer or cancer survivors treated with systemic antineoplastic agents. Studies on radiation induced cardiotoxicity were excluded. METHODS: Two reviewers independently screened studies, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias using the Prediction model Risk Of Bias ASsessment Tool. Performance measures were pooled using random effects meta-analyses. RESULTS: …

Cetirizine for the treatment of allergic diseases in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: The global prevalence of allergic diseases has led to a negative and extensive impact on the health and lives of a large populati … e demonstrated that CTZ was well tolerated and did not increase the risk of severe and overall AEs, cardiotoxicity, damage to the central nervous and digestive systems, or other systems in children, except for the risk of somnolence [risk ratio, 1.62 (1.02, 2.57); P = 0.04, compared with placebo]. CONCLUSION: Moderate-to-low certainty evidence revealed that CTZ …

Pimozide for schizophrenia or related psychoses.

BACKGROUND: Pimozide was first formulated in the late 1960s and continues to be marketed for the care of those with schizophrenia or related psychoses such as delusional disorder. Pimozide is generally well tolerated apart from extrapyramidal side effects. It has, however, been associated with cardiotoxicity and sudden unexplained deaths and electrocardiogram monitoring is now required before and during its use. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effects of pimozide for people with schizophrenia, non-affective psychotic mental illness and delusional disorder in terms of clinical, social and economic o…

Targeting NF-κB/TLR4/ERK/MYD88 and Caspase-1/IL-1β Pathways by Diacerein in Alleviation of 5-Fluorouracil-Induced Myocardial, Corneal, and Retinal Injury.

Chemotherapeutic agents, including 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), are widely used to treat various types of malignant disorders, but cardiac injury limits their clinical benefit. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the usefulness of diacerein (DIA) in alleviating 5-FU myocardial and ocular injury. 50 male Wistar rats were included in the current model, and 5-FU was administered as a single intraperitoneal dose (150 mg/kg) on the first day of the study to induce myocardial and ocular injury, followed by co-administration of DIA (25, 50 mg/kg/day) by oral gavage for 7 days. 5-FU-induced myocardial and ocular inj

Longitudinal Evaluation of Coronary Arteries and Myocardium in Breast Cancer Using Coronary Computed Tomographic Angiography.

BACKGROUND: The association of coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA) and left ventricular (LV) myocardium measurements with cancer therapy-related cardiac dysfunction (CTRCD) is limited. OBJECTIVES: In this study, the authors sought to evaluate the changes in coronary arteries and LV myocardium in patients with left breast cancer (BC) receiving anthracycline with or without radiotherapy, with the use of coronary CTA. METHODS: Participants with left BC receiving anthracycline with or without radiotherapy were prospectively included. All participants underwent coronary CTA before and

Advances in Supportive Care for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Tremendous advances have been made in the treatment armamentarium for acute lymphoblastic leukemia in recent years, which have substantially improved outcomes for these patients. At the same time, unique toxicities have emerged, and without early intervention, are life-threatening. This article will review the novel therapies in acute leukemias and highlight the clinically relevant supportive care advances. RECENT FINDINGS: The American Society for Transplantation and Cellular Therapy (ASTCT) has put forth the most recent recommendations in managing the cytokine release syn

The heart's exposure to radiation increases the risk of cardiac toxicity after chemoradiotherapy for superficial esophageal cancer: a retrospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Chemoradiotherapy effectively treats superficial esophageal cancer and is optimal to preserve organs. However, late toxicity, particularly in cardiac diseases, obstructs clinical outcomes. We revealed the risk factors for cardiac event development post-chemoradiotherapy. METHODS: Data from 80 patients who were diagnosed with submucosal invasive esophageal cancer without metastasis (confirmed using multiple modalities) and who underwent chemoradiotherapy between 2006 and 2014 were analyzed. Patients were 11% (9/80) female, and the median age and follow-up were 66.5 y and 73 mo, res

Asiatic Acid Ameliorates Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiac and Hepato-Renal Toxicities with Nrf2 Transcriptional Factor Activation in Rats.

Asiatic acid (AA), a pentacyclic triterpenoid, is a key phytoconstituent of Centella asiatica. AA is a patented as a cytotoxic substance, and it exerts cytotoxicity against Hep3B, Hela and MCF-7 cell lines. However, pentacyclic triterpenoids also modulate the expression and transcriptional activities of Nrf2 and exert cytoprotective effects. In this study, we investigated the effects of AA on the doxorubicin (DXR)-induced organ toxicities and expression of the Nrf2. DXR toxicity was induced by a single intravenous injection of 65.75 mg/kg of DXR. Seven days pretreatment with AA at the doses of

Increased long QT and torsade de pointes reporting on tamoxifen compared with aromatase inhibitors.

OBJECTIVE: A prolonged QTc (LQT) is a surrogate for the risk of torsade de pointes (TdP). QTc interval duration is influenced by sex hormones: oestradiol prolongs and testosterone shortens QTc. Drugs used in the treatment of breast cancer have divergent effects on hormonal status. METHODS: We performed a disproportionality analysis using the European database of suspected adverse drug reaction (ADR) reports to evaluate the reporting OR (ROR χ2) of LQT, TdP and ventricular arrhythmias associated with selective oestrogen receptor modulators (SERMs: tamoxifen and toremifene) as opposed to aromat

Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors in breast cancer patients on endocrine therapy: a targeted strategy to mitigate long-term cardiometabolic risk.

BACKGROUND: Hormone receptor-positive breast cancer (HR+ BC) represents the most common breast cancer subtype and is increasingly characterized by long-term survivorship complicated by substantial cardiometabolic and cardiovascular morbidity. Endocrine therapies, including aromatase inhibitors, selective estrogen receptor modulators and degraders, and ovarian suppression, remain central to disease control but promote metabolic dysfunction, vascular injury, and systemic inflammation, thereby increasing cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and potentially contributing to endocrine resistance. These

Ponatinib, But Not the New Abl-Kinase Inhibitor Asciminib, Activates Platelets, Leukocytes, and Endothelial Cell TNF Signaling to Induce Atherosclerotic Plaque Inflammation, Myocardial Infarction, and Stroke.

BACKGROUND: Imatinib, the first Abl-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), improved leukemia outcomes without cardiovascular side effects. Newer agents, including ponatinib, addressed imatinib resistance, improving cancer remission, but substantially increased arterial thrombotic events, including myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke. The mechanism behind ponatinib-induced thrombosis and the cardiovascular effect of asciminib, a newly approved Abl-TKI, remain unknown. METHODS: The effect of clinically relevant plasma concentrations of imatinib, ponatinib, and asciminib were compared with vehicle i

Venomous snakebites.

More than 5 million people are bitten by venomous snakes annually and more than 100,000 of them die. In Europe, one person dies due to envenomation every 3 years. There is only one venomous snake species in Lithuania--the common adder (Vipera berus)--which belongs to the Viperidae family; however, there are some exotic poisonous snakes in the zoos and private collections, such as those belonging to the Elapidae family (cobras, mambas, coral snakes, etc.) and the Crotalidae subfamily of the Viperidae family (pit vipers, such as rattlesnakes). Snake venom can be classified into hemotoxic, neurot

Safety of mirtazapine: a review.

The clinical trial development programme of mirtazapine (Org 3770), performed in Europe and the United States, demonstrated an outstanding safety profile of this compound. The evaluation of the safety was based on data from all patients who took at least one dose of study medication during studies comparing mirtazapine with placebo, amitriptyline or other active comparators. A general indication of mirtazapine's safety is the significantly lower percentage of patients (65%) who complained of any adverse clinical experiences compared with the placebo- (76%) or amitriptyline-treated group (87%).

Pericardial Administration of Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Bone Marrow Stem Cells Improved Doxorubicin-induced Heart Failure with Mid Range Ejection Fraction (HFmrEF) in Rats.

PURPOSE: This study investigates the therapeutic effects of extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) on heart failure in rats through intrapericardial injection. METHODS: Initially, doxorubicin was used to induce apoptosis in H9C2 cells, and the protective effects of EVs on these cells were evaluated. EVs were injected into the pericardial cavity of rats with heart failure, followed by real-time in vivo imaging and immunofluorescence detection to confirm the implantation of EVs in the myocardium. Cardiac function was assessed via echocardiography af

Melatonin ameliorates PM2.5 -induced cardiac perivascular fibrosis through regulating mitochondrial redox homeostasis.

Fine particulate matter (PM2.5 ) exposure is correlated with the risk of developing cardiac fibrosis. Melatonin is a major secretory product of the pineal gland that has been reported to prevent fibrosis. However, whether melatonin affects the adverse health effects of PM2.5 exposure has not been investigated. Thus, this study was aimed to investigate the protective effect of melatonin against PM2.5 -accelerated cardiac fibrosis. The echocardiography revealed that PM2.5 had impaired both systolic and diastolic cardiac function in ApoE-/- mice. Histopathological analysis demonstrated that PM2.5

Sulfur Dioxide Contributes to the Cardiac and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Rats.

Epidemiological studies have demonstrated an association between sulfur dioxide (SO2) and an increase of morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular diseases, such as ischemic heart disease, heart failure, and arrhythmia. Mitochondrion is the most sensitive organelle in myocardium of animals exposed to SO2 Here we study the molecular characterization of mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiac muscles of rat after SO2 exposure. We found that the cytochrome c oxidase (COX) activity, mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), ATP contents, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) contents, and mRNA expression of comple

Pseudomonas aeruginosa-mediated cardiac dysfunction is driven by extracellular vesicles released during infection.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a gram-negative, opportunistic pathogen and a major cause of severe pneumonia. Healthcare-associated pneumonia accounts for up to 22% of all healthcare-acquired infections, with P. aeruginosa contributing to approximately 10-20% of these cases. Infections caused by P. aeruginosa carry a high mortality rate, ranging from 32% to 42.8%. Notably, the risk of pneumonia is strongly associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVD), particularly heart failure, independent of age, sex, comorbidities, or antibiotic usage. Individuals with CVD are at increased risk of developing bo

Оценка физической активности и продвижения среди выживших от рака в кардиоонкологической помощи: квалитативное исследование.

ФОН: Сердечно-сосудистые заболевания и рак являются основными причинами заболеваемости и смертности по всему миру, при этом выжившие от рака сталкиваются с повышенным риском сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний из-за общих факторов риска и кардиотоксичных терапий. Физическая активность (ФА) является хорошо доказанной стратегией для улучшения сердечно-сосудистого здоровья и результатов выживания; однако большинство выживших от рака не соответствуют рекомендациям по ФА. Понимание многоуровневых влияний на вовлеченность в ФА и ее продвижение является необходимым для улучшения реализации в кардиоонколо

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… Cardiotoxic cancer therapies (eg, anthracyclines, chest radiation, and immune-based agents) significantly contribute to both short- and long-term cardiovascular morbidity and mortality [ 6 ]. … Survivors may also have difficulty determining whether symptoms reflect cardiotoxicity, cancer treatment effects, or normal exertion, creating uncertainty about safe PA participation [ 16 ]. …

Prevalence of undiagnosed stage B heart failure among emergency department patients.

INTRODUCTION: Heart failure (HF) is associated with significant morbidity, mortality, and health care costs. Stage B HF is defined as structural heart disease prior to developing symptomatic HF. If identified early in the disease process, preventative measures may be implemented to slow disease progression to Stage C (symptomatic) or Stage D (refractory) HF. Previous research has focused on outpatient screening for HF in the primary care setting; however, there are limited data on Stage B HF screening in the Emergency Department (ED) setting. The objective of this study was to determine the pr