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Elotuzumab: The First Monoclonal Antibody for the Treatment of Multiple Myeloma.

Аннотация не предоставлена источником. Откройте карточку для перехода к публикации.

Глимфатическая система May may medite связи между Choroid Plexus и повреждением мозга при множественном склерозе.

ЦЕЛЬ И ЗАДАЧИ: Choroid clexus (CP) регулирует иммунные функции и производит большую часть CSF, которая циркулирует в мозгу паренхимой через перивашкулярные пространства, часть глимфатической системы. При множественном склерозе (MS) расширение CP и глимфатическая дисфункция связаны с провокационной активностью, клинической инвалидностью и повреждением мозга, но их взаимосвязь неясна. Мы изучили, является ли глимфатическая дисфункция посредником в связи между расширением CP и повреждением мозга у пациентов с MS.МЕТОДЫ: Адаптация инверсии с помощью мозга, 3- Размер T1-weighted, последовательности

Novel Molecular Therapies and Genetic Landscape in Selected Rare Diseases with Hematologic Manifestations: A Review of the Literature.

Rare diseases affect less than 1 in 2000 people and are characterized by a serious, chronic, and progressive course. Among the described diseases, a mutation in a single gene caused mastocytosis, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, Gaucher disease, and paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (KIT, ADAMTS13, GBA1, and PIG-A genes, respectively). In Castleman disease, improper ETS1, PTPN6, TGFBR2, DNMT3A, and PDGFRB genes cause the appearance of symptoms. In histiocytosis, several mutation variants are described: BRAF, MAP2K1, MAP3K1, ARAF, ERBB3, NRAS, KRAS, PICK1, PIK3R2, and PIK3CA. Genes like H

Combination of Novel Therapies and New Attempts in Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer.

Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is one of the most lethal human malignancies, and it is rapidly falling without any effective therapeutic options. Although radical surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy are performed on patients, the curative effect is suboptimal, and the survival rate is still poor. The discovery of altered gene pathways involved in this aggressive disease has advanced, but molecular targeted drugs targeting these pathways are still in clinical trials. To date, there is no effective way to treat this disease, so it is particularly urgent to find new treatments. At present, m

Infectious Diseases

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The Complosome: An Emerging Intracellular Complement Network in Cancer Development and Therapy.

The complement system is traditionally recognized as a major effector of innate immunity, essential for pathogen clearance, inflammation and the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. In recent years, however, its role in cancer has been substantially redefined. Beyond its canonical extracellular activity, complement has emerged as a multifaceted regulator of tumor biology, acting not only within the tumor microenvironment but also intracellularly through the recently described intracellular complement system (complosome). While extracellular complement primarily shapes immune responses and the tu

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… Stromal cells also play a crucial role, including fibroblasts (particularly activated cancer-associated fibroblasts, CAFs) [ 21 ] and cells of the blood and lymphatic vessels (endothelial cells and pericytes) [ 22 , 23 ]. … vessels [ 24 ]. …

2021 Scientific Session of the Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons (SAGES), Las Vegas, Nevada, 31 August–3 September 2021: Video Loops

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Cancer Cells Exploit Notch Signaling to Redefine a Supportive Cytokine Milieu.

Notch signaling is a well-known key player in the communication between adjacent cells during organ development, when it controls several processes involved in cell differentiation. Notch-mediated communication may occur through the interaction of Notch receptors with ligands on adjacent cells or by a paracrine/endocrine fashion, through soluble molecules that can mediate the communication between cells at distant sites. Dysregulation of Notch pathway causes a number of disorders, including cancer. Notch hyperactivation may be caused by mutations of Notch-related genes, dysregulated upstream p

Synthesis and biological evaluation of a new polymeric conjugate and nanocarrier with osteotropic properties.

Bone-seeking (osteotropic) drug delivery systems (ODDS) represent an interesting solution for targeting different types of drugs to the bones. In particular, anticancer and antibacterial agents could take advantage of such therapeutic strategy. We have recently developed an innovative approach to this aim: a new osteotropic biomaterial was prepared, based on the conjugation of a poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) with the bisphosphonate drug alendronate (PLGA-ALE); its hemo- and cytocompatibility were verified. Starting with this copolymer, an osteotropic nanoparticle system (NP) was produced f

Chronic stress in solid tumor development: from mechanisms to interventions.

Chronic stress results in disturbances of body hormones through the neuroendocrine system. Cancer patients often experience recurrent anxiety and restlessness during disease progression and treatment, which aggravates disease progression and hinders treatment effects. Recent studies have shown that chronic stress-regulated neuroendocrine systems secret hormones to activate many signaling pathways related to tumor development in tumor cells. The activated neuroendocrine system acts not only on tumor cells but also modulates the survival and metabolic changes of surrounding non-cancerous cells.

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… At the same time, these molecular switches promote tumor cell stemness development and metastasis-related gene expression through transcription factors such as SLUG and β-catenin, accelerating the infiltration of blood vessels and lymphatic vessels around the TME and preparing the tumor for distant metastasis …

Dendrimer-doxorubicin conjugates exhibit improved anticancer activity and reduce doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in a murine hepatocellular carcinoma model.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the 2nd leading cause of cancer-related deaths every year globally. The most common form of treatment, hepatic arterial infusion (HAI), involves the direct injection of doxorubicin (DOX) into the hepatic artery. It is plagued with limited therapeutic efficacy and the occurrence of severe toxicities (e.g. cardiotoxicity). We aim to improve the therapeutic index of DOX delivered via HAI by loading the drug onto generation 5 (G5) poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers targeted to hepatic cancer cells via N-acetylgalactosamine (NAcGal) ligands. DOX is attached to the

The Relationship Between Obesity and Cancer: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and the Effect of Obesity Treatment on Cancer.

There is growing evidence relating to the risk of cancer in people with obesity. Obesity is already established as one of the strongest predisposing factors to cancer, and 'obesity-related' cancers have been defined in previous studies. In this review article, we examine the epidemiological relationship and describe the potential pathophysiological mechanisms that underpin the association between obesity and cancer. These include hormonal and growth factors that are in abundance in persons living with obesity and thereby increase cancer risk. Additionally, the increased disposition towards chr

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… Several factors contribute to this, including increased tissue mass and fluid volume, impaired lymphatic drainage due to excess adipose tissue, compression of lymphatic vessels by excess fat, direct damage and scarring of lymphatics from chronic inflammation, and increased incidence of surgical site …

Chemotherapy-Mediated Complications of Wound Healing: An Understudied Side Effect.

Significance: Chemotherapy is a primary method to treat cancer. While chemotherapeutic drugs are designed to target rapidly dividing cancer cells, they can also affect other cell types. In the case of dermal cells and macrophages involved in wound healing, cytotoxicity often leads to the development of chronic wounds. The situation becomes even more severe when chemotherapy is combined with surgical tumor excision. Recent Advances: Despite its significant impact on patients' recovery from surgery, the issue of delayed wound healing in individuals undergoing chemotherapy remains inadequately ex

Modulation of angiogenesis with siRNA inhibitors for novel therapeutics.

Cancer and many other serious diseases are characterized by the uncontrolled growth of new blood vessels. Recently, RNA interference (RNAi) has reinvigorated the therapeutic prospects for inhibiting gene expression and promises many advantages over binding inhibitors, including high specificity, which is essential for targeted therapeutics. This article describes the latest developments using small-interfering RNA (siRNA) inhibitors to downregulate various angiogenic and tumor-associated factors, both in cell-culture assays and in animal disease models. The majority of research efforts are cur

Recent Review on Biological Barriers and Host-Material Interfaces in Precision Drug Delivery: Advancement in Biomaterial Engineering for Better Treatment Therapies.

Preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated that precision therapy has a broad variety of treatment applications, making it an interesting research topic with exciting potential in numerous sectors. However, major obstacles, such as inefficient and unsafe delivery systems and severe side effects, have impeded the widespread use of precision medicine. The purpose of drug delivery systems (DDSs) is to regulate the time and place of drug release and action. They aid in enhancing the equilibrium between medicinal efficacy on target and hazardous side effects off target. One promising approa

Bidirectional Relationship Between Cancer and Heart Failure: Old and New Issues in Cardio-oncology.

The main focus of cardio-oncology has been the prevention and treatment of the cardiac toxicity of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Furthermore, several targeted therapies have been associated with unexpected cardiotoxic side-effects. Recently, epidemiological studies reported a higher incidence of cancer in patients with heart failure (HF) compared with individuals without HF. On this basis, it has been proposed that HF might represent an oncogenic condition. This hypothesis is supported by preclinical studies demonstrating that hyperactivation of the sympathetic nervous system and renin-angiot

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… Specifically, beta-AR signalling was demonstrated to favour tumour growth, induce formation of blood and lymphatic vessels, and promote remodelling of the extracellular matrix, ultimately leading to tissue invasion and metastatic dissemination in vivo .[ 63 ] Similarly, AngII promotes tumour vascularisation …

Многоцентральное тематическое исследование по вопросу о взаимосвязи между COVID-19 вакцины и неврологические расстройства (COVIVAX).

В исследовании COVIVAX была проведена оценка связи между COVID-19 - вакцинация и риск общих неврологических расстройств в многоцентровом режиме контроля. Вакцинация сравнивалась между лицами с первым диагнозом неврологического расстройства (делопроизводства) и контроля за возрастом и полом. Всего 624 Участники были зачислены, а после случайного посещения 1::1 совпадение 265 случаи и случаи 265 Комбинированные механизмы контроля (всего) 530 Участники) были включены в анализ. Наиболее частым неврологическим диагнозом в таких случаях был инсульт.60.4%), множественный склероз (11.3%) и изъятия6.4%

Abnormalities in alternative splicing of angiogenesis-related genes and their role in HIV-related cancers.

Alternative splicing of mRNA leads to an increase in proteome biodiversity by allowing the generation of multiple mRNAs, coding for multiple protein isoforms of various structural and functional properties from a single primary pre-mRNA transcript. The protein isoforms produced are tightly regulated in normal development but are mostly deregulated in various cancers. In HIV-infected individuals with AIDS, there is an increase in aberrant alternative splicing, resulting in an increase in HIV/AIDS-related cancers, such as Kaposi's sarcoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and cervical cancer. This aberra

Recent Perspectives on Cardiovascular Toxicity Associated with Colorectal Cancer Drug Therapy.

Cardiotoxicity is a well-known adverse effect of cancer-related therapy that has a significant influence on patient outcomes and quality of life. The use of antineoplastic drugs to treat colorectal cancers (CRCs) is associated with a number of undesirable side effects including cardiac complications. For both sexes, CRC ranks second and accounts for four out of every ten cancer deaths. According to the reports, almost 39% of patients with colorectal cancer who underwent first-line chemotherapy suffered cardiovascular impairment. Although 5-fluorouracil is still the backbone of chemotherapy reg

Mechanism and clinical progression of solid tumors bone marrow metastasis.

The rich blood supply of the bone marrow provides favorable conditions for tumor cell proliferation and growth. In the disease's early stages, circulating tumor cells can escape to the bone marrow and form imperceptible micro metastases. These tumor cells may be reactivated to regain the ability to grow aggressively and eventually develop into visible metastases. Symptomatic bone marrow metastases with abnormal hematopoiesis solid tumor metastases are rare and have poor prognoses. Treatment options are carefully chosen because of the suppression of bone marrow function. In this review, we summ