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Immunological Targets in Generalized Myasthenia Gravis Treatment: Where Are We Going Now?

BackgroundGeneralized myasthenia gravis (gMG) is a heterogeneous autoimmune disorder marked by antibody-mediated disruption of neuromuscular transmission. Despite advancements in immunosuppressive therapies and biologics, a subset of patients remains refractory, necessitating more targeted and personalized treatment strategies.ObjectiveThis review aims to synthesize current knowledge of the immunopathological mechanisms across gMG subtypes and to explore emerging therapeutic targets tailored to these diverse disease phenotypes.MethodsA narrative review was conducted, integrating recent finding

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… Juntas-Morales R. Kaminski H.J. Maniaol A. Mantegazza R. Safety and efficacy of zilucoplan in patients with generalised myasthenia gravis (RAISE): A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 study Lancet Neurol. 2023 22 395 406 10.1016/S1474-4422(23)00080-7 37059508 26. Rossini E. …

The Impact of Human Microbiotas in Hematopoietic Stem Cell and Organ Transplantation.

The human microbiota heavily influences most vital aspects of human physiology including organ transplantation outcomes and transplant rejection risk. A variety of organ transplantation scenarios such as lung and heart transplantation as well as hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is heavily influenced by the human microbiotas. The human microbiota refers to a rich, diverse, and complex ecosystem of bacteria, fungi, archaea, helminths, protozoans, parasites, and viruses. Research accumulating over the past decade has established the existence of complex cross-species, cross-kingdom interac

Bridging the Gap in Secondary Antibody Deficiencies: Current Evidence and Unmet Needs in Diagnosis and Management with Immunoglobulin Replacement.

Secondary antibody deficiency (SAD) represents a substantial yet under-recognised global healthcare burden. It is more prevalent than primary antibody deficiency, but frequently under-diagnosed and variably managed worldwide. Prompt diagnosis is often hindered by insufficient awareness among clinicians, lack of global consensus on screening/monitoring for SAD among at-risk patients, inadequate clinical immunology services and lack of standardised referral pathways/protocols. Management practices vary widely, with little international agreement, particularly regarding threshold to initiate immu

COVID-19 in patients with anemia and haematological malignancies: risk factors, clinical guidelines, and emerging therapeutic approaches.

Extensive research in countries with high sociodemographic indices (SDIs) to date has shown that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may be directly associated with more severe outcomes among patients living with haematological disorders and malignancies (HDMs). Because individuals with moderate to severe immunodeficiency are likely to undergo persistent infections, shed virus particles for prolonged periods, and lack an inflammatory or abortive phase, this represents an overall risk of morbidity and mortality from COVID-19. In cases suffering from HDMs, further investigation is needed to achi

Canadian Society of Nephrology Commentary on the Evolving Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes Adult Glomerulonephritis Guidelines.

Purpose of reviewThe purpose of this commentary is to address the challenges of implementing the evolving Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) glomerulonephritis (GN) guidelines within the Canadian health care context, highlighting barriers to adoption of the guidelines and discussing contextual issues unique to Canada.Sources of informationThe KDIGO 2021 guidelines with 2024 updates in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis and lupus nephritis, as well as the 2025 updated guideline for immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy.MethodsA Canadian Society of Nephro

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… Morales E, Galindo M. SGLT2 inhibitors in lupus nephropathy, a new therapeutic strategy for nephroprotection. Ann Rheum Dis. 2022;81(9):1337-1338. 98. Rovin BH, Furie R, Teng YKO, et al. …

Maximizing the impact of real-world evidence on cancer treatment: what do we need to achieve it?

There is an increasing number of studies using real-world data to examine outcomes of drugs in clinical practice. Therefore, it is crucial to carefully evaluate their quality and findings, extract valuable insights, acknowledge their limitations and identify gaps to advance further their use in decision-making. Here we provide an overview of the opportunities offered throughout drug lifecycle, and challenges presented by real-world evidence (RWE) studies. We also highlight the importance of the culture of transparency, along with the development of good practices for reporting RWE studies. In

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… Cottu P , Ramsey SD , Solà-Morales O , Spears PA , Taylor L . The emerging role of real-world data in advanced breast cancer therapy: recommendations for collaborative decision-making . Breast 61 , 118 – 122 ( 2022 ). 34959093 10.1016/j.breast.2021.12.015 PMC8841281 22. …

Strategies to Mitigate Cisplatin-Induced Ototoxicity: A Literature Review of Protective Agents, Mechanisms, and Clinical Gaps.

BackgroundCisplatin, a widely used chemotherapeutic agent, is associated with significant ototoxicity, leading to progressive and irreversible sensorineural hearing loss in up to 93% of patients. Cisplatin generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the cochlea, activating apoptotic and necroptotic pathways that result in hair cell death. Inflammatory processes and nitrative stress also contribute to cochlear damage.MethodsThis literature review was conducted to explore the mechanisms underlying cisplatin-induced ototoxicity and evaluate protective strategies, including both current and emergin

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… Correa-Morales J.E., Giraldo-Moreno S., Mantilla-Manosalva N., Cuellar-Valencia L., Borja-Montes O.F., Bedoya-Muñoz L.J., Iriarte-Aristizábal M.F., Quintero-Muñoz E., Zuluaga-Liberato A.M. Prevention and Treatment of Cisplatin-Induced Ototoxicity in Adults: A Systematic Review. Clin. …

Monoclonal Antibodies-Anchored Quantum Dots-Based Delivery Strategies for Glioblastoma Treatment: Challenges and Applications.

Treatment of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) has been a great challenge before medical fraternity since last century owing to a median survival of less than 15 months, despite of intensive therapy. Neurosurgeries, intense chemotherapy, advanced radiotherapy, and targeted therapies have bought some extension to the life of GBM patients. Combination and targeted therapies could bring a concrete approach to tackle the complexities of GBM treatment. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have already proved their potential, owing to their high affinity and target-specificity, as a promising cancer immunothera

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… Intranasal delivery of targeted polyfunctional gold-iron oxide nanoparticles loaded with therapeutic microRNAs for combined theranostic multimodality imaging and presensitization of glioblastoma to temozolomide Biomaterials 2019 218 119342 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119342 31326657 PMC6663564 79 Morales …

The Three Musketeers in Cancer Therapy: Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Personalised Approach.

Cancer therapy is rapidly evolving from a one-size-fits-all paradigm toward highly personalized approaches. Traditional chemotherapies and radiotherapies, while broadly applied, often yield suboptimal outcomes due to tumor heterogeneity and are limited by significant toxicities. In contrast, precision oncology tailors prevention, diagnosis, and treatment to the individual patient's genetic and molecular profile. Key advancements underscore this shift: molecularly targeted drugs (e.g., trastuzumab for HER2-positive breast cancer, EGFR and ALK inhibitors for lung cancer) have improved efficacy a

Artificial Intelligence in the Management of Hereditary and Acquired Hemophilia: From Genomics to Treatment Optimization.

Hemophilia, an X-linked bleeding disorder, is characterized by a deficiency in coagulation factors. It manifests as spontaneous bleeding, leading to severe complications if not properly managed. In contrast, acquired hemophilia is an autoimmune condition marked by the development of inhibitory antibodies against coagulation factors. Both forms present significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges, highlighting the need for advanced genetic, molecular, laboratory, and clinical assessments. Recent advances in artificial intelligence have opened new avenues for the management of hemophilia. M

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… Chelle P., Yeung C.H.T., Bonanad S., Morales Muñoz J.C., Ozelo M.C., Megías Vericat J.E., Iorio A., Spears J., Mir R., Edginton A. Routine clinical care data for population pharmacokinetic modeling: The case for Fanhdi/Alphanate in hemophilia A patients. J. Pharmacokinet. …

Влияние жизненных поступков, способствующих укреплению здоровья, на микробиоту у выживших жертв гематологического рака: обзор скопирования.

Целью этого аналитического обзора является изучение взаимосвязи между поведением, способствующим здоровому образу жизни, и микробиотой кишечника у выживших жертв гематологического рака, включая лейкемию, лимфому и множественную миелому. С учетом растущего числа таких случаев и связанных с этим проблем с лечением понимание того, как факторы образа жизни влияют на состояние здоровья, может дать представление о том, как улучшиться состояние выживших жертв. МЕТОДЫ: Мы провели всеобъемлющий поиск по нескольким базам данных, включая PubMed/Medline, CINAHL и Scopus, вслед за предпочтительными элемент

Comprehensive Review of Prevention and Management Strategies for Medication-related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw (MRONJ).

PURPOSE: To assess and classify the strategies employed in various dental specialities for the prevention and management of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A comprehensive literature review was conducted, acquiring studies sourced from Google Scholar and PubMed. The emphasis was on studies published in recent years, focusing on successful MRONJ prevention techniques across various dental specialties. RESULTS: Four types of prevention were identified. Primary prevention strategies include optimizing oral hygiene, managing dental caries, and extracti

Прогнозирующие биомаркеры для общего выживания пациентов, проходящих операцию на метастазах костей: исследование пан-ракера.

Быстрое диагностирование и прогнозируемая оценка метастаза костей (БМ) по-прежнему сопряжены с трудностями, поскольку большинство исследований и перспективных моделей концентрируются на одной первичной опухоли и пренебрегают биомаркерами, связанными с принимающей страной. Таким образом, это панраковое исследование было направлено на оценку метаболизма костей, провокационных и гематологических биомаркеров у пациентов, проходящих хирургическую операцию для БМ, выявление факторов риска для развития БМ и создание прогнозной номограммы. Потенциальная группа взрослых пациентов с гистологическим подт

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… Chen W, Altshuler RD, Daschner P, Salvador Morales C, St Germain DC, Guida J, et al. Older adults with cancer and common comorbidities-challenges and opportunities in improving their cancer treatment outcomes. J Natl Cancer Inst. (2024) 116:1730–8. doi: 10.1093/jnci/djae163 72. Goede V. …

Recent Advances in the Development and Utilization of Nanoparticles for the Management of Malignant Solid Tumors.

The purpose of nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems or novel drug delivery systems is to improve the effectiveness of therapy, and their promising properties have led to their increasing significance in the management of cancer. The researchers have primarily focused on designing novel nanocarriers, like nanoparticles (NPs), that can effectively deliver drugs to target cells and respond specifically to conditions particular to cancer. Whether passive or active targeting, these nanocarriers can deliver therapeutic cargoes to the tumor site to release the drug from the drug delivery system

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… Mulens-Arias V, Rojas JM, Pérez-Yagüe S, Morales Mdel P, Barber DF. J Control Release. 2015;216:78–92. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.08.009. 39. Size and charge of nanoparticles following incubation with human plasma of healthy and pancreatic cancer patients. …

Cell Therapy as a Way to Increase the Effectiveness of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation.

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a standard method for treating a number of pathologies, primarily blood diseases. Timely restoration of the immune system after HSCT is a critical factor associated with the development of complications such as relapses or secondary tumors and various infections, as well as the graft-versus-host reaction in allogeneic transplantation, which ultimately affects the survival of patients. Introduction into the recipient's body of immune system cells that are incapable of sensitization by recipient antigens during the period of immune reconstitution

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… Marín Morales J.M. Münch N. Peter K. Freund D. Oelschlägel U. Hölig K. Böhm T. Flach A.C. Keßler J. Bonifacio E. Automated Clinical Grade Expansion of Regulatory T Cells in a Fully Closed System Front. Immunol. 2019 10 38 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00038 30778344 PMC6369367 92. DuPage M. Bluestone J.A. …

Obesity and Cancer Rehabilitation for Functional Recovery and Quality of Life in Breast Cancer Survivors: A Comprehensive Review.

Obesity is a global health challenge with increasing prevalence, and its intricate relationship with cancer has become a critical concern in cancer care. As a result, understanding the multifactorial connections between obesity and breast cancer is imperative for risk stratification, tailored screening, and rehabilitation treatment planning to address long-term survivorship issues. The review follows the SANRA quality criteria and includes an extensive literature search conducted in PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, and Scopus. The biological basis linking obesity and cancer involves complex int

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… Lozano-Lozano M., Martín-Martín L., Galiano-Castillo N., Fernández-Lao C., Cantarero-Villanueva I., López-Barajas I.B., Arroyo-Morales M. Mobile health and supervised rehabilitation versus mobile health alone in breast cancer survivors: Randomized controlled trial. Ann. Phys. Rehabil. …

Advancing Cardiac Amyloidosis Care Through Insights from Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing.

Cardiac amyloidosis, encompassing both transthyretin (ATTR) and light-chain (AL) types, poses considerable challenges in patient management due to its intricate pathophysiology and progressive course. This narrative review elucidates the pivotal role of cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) in the assessment of these patients. CPET is essential for evaluating disease progression by measuring cardio-respiratory performance and providing prognostic insights. This functional test is crucial not only for tracking the disease trajectory, but also for assessing the effectiveness of disease-modifyi

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… Battaglini D., Al-Husinat L., Normando A.G., Leme A.P., Franchini K., Morales M., Pelosi P., Rocco P.R. Personalized Medicine Using Omics Approaches in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome to Identify Biological Phenotypes. Respir. Res. 2022;23:318. doi: 10.1186/s12931-022-02233-0. 60. …

Mesenchymal stem cells lineage and their role in disease development.

BackgroundMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are widely dispersed in vivo and are isolated from several tissues, including bone marrow, heart, body fluids, skin, and perinatal tissues. Bone marrow MSCs have a multidirectional differentiation potential, which can be induced to differentiate the medium in a specific direction or by adding specific regulatory factors. MSCs repair damaged tissues through lineage differentiation, and the ex vivo transplantation of bone marrow MSCs can heal injured sites. MSCs have different propensities for lineage differentiation and pathological evolution for differen

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… Bougioukli S, Chateau M, Morales H, Vakhshori V, Sugiyama O, Oakes D, et al. Limited potential of AAV - mediated gene therapy in transducing human mesenchymal stem cells for bone repair applications. Gene Ther. 2021;28(12):729–39. Brown C, McKee C, Bakshi S, Walker K, Hakman E, Halassy S, et al. …

Side Effects of Novel Anticancer Drugs on the Posterior Segment of the Eye: A Review of the Literature.

Currently, common treatment approaches for neoplastic diseases include surgery, radiation, and/or anticancer drugs (chemotherapy, hormone medications, and targeted therapies). In particular, anticancer medicines destroy cancerous cells by blocking certain pathways that aid in the disease's initiation and progression. These pharmaceutical drugs' capacity to inhibit malignant cells has made them indispensable in the treatment of neoplastic disorders. Nonetheless, considering their cyto- and neurotoxicity, as well as their inflammatory responses, these medications may also have unfavorable system

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… Munoz-Morales A. Lopez-Herrero F. Invasive aspergillosis manifesting as retinal necrosis in a patient treated with ruxolitinib Arch. Soc. Esp. Oftalmol. 2019 94 237 241 10.1016/j.oftal.2018.12.006 30712951 152. Cugley D.R. Darby J. Lim L.L. …

The Effects of Patient-Centered Communication on Patient Engagement, Health-Related Quality of Life, Service Quality Perception and Patient Satisfaction in Patients with Cancer: A Cross-Sectional Study in Türkiye.

IntroductionPatient-centered communication is a type of communication that takes place between the provider and the patient.ObjectivesIt is aimed to reveal the effects of patient-centered communication on patient engagement, health-related quality of life, perception of service quality and patient satisfaction.MethodThe study was conducted by applying multiple regression analysis to the data obtained from 312 patients with cancer treated in a training and research hospital affiliated to the Ministry of Health in Diyarbakır, Türkiye.ResultsMore than half of the patients were female and had stag