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Shimmering Clarity: A Rare Case Report of Ocular Cystinosis.

INTRODUCTION: Ocular cystinosis is a rare hereditary lysosomal storage disorder characterized by amino acid cystine deposition in various tissues, prominently affecting the cornea and conjunctiva. While typically diagnosed in childhood, cases in adults may present atypically or as part of the nephropathic spectrum. This report highlights the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of ocular cystinosis in a 37-year-old male. CASE PRESENTATION: A 37-year-old male presented with complaints of photophobia and ocular discomfort for a duration of 6 months. On slit-lamp examination, charact

Immunosenescence: signaling pathways, diseases and therapeutic targets.

Immunosenescence refers to the abnormal activation or dysfunction of the immune system as people age. Inflammaging is a typical pathological inflammatory state associated with immunosenescence and is characterized by excessive expression of proinflammatory cytokines in aged immune cells. Chronic inflammation contributes to a variety of age-related diseases, such as neurodegenerative disease, cancer, infectious disease, and autoimmune diseases. Although not fully understood, recent studies contribute greatly to uncovering the underlying mechanisms of immunosenescence at the molecular and cellul

Оценка Фондаоскопии в качестве инструмента скрининга для оптической нервы в многоразовом склерозе: компаративное исследование на тему оптической согласованности (OCT).

Фон: Множественный склероз (MS) представляет собой хроническое и иммунопосредованное расстройство центральной нервной системы (CNS), характеризующееся воспалением, обезвоживанием и нейродегенерацией, приводящее к нарушению проводимости аксонового сигнала. Оптический неврит (ОН) встречается более чем 70% :: случаи MS с уделением особого внимания участию зрительного нерва в развитии болезни. Атрофия оптического нерва, дополняющая воспламенительный эпизод, может наблюдаться во время фундоскопии в качестве паллора во временном квадранте или во всем оптическом диске. Наше исследование направлено на

Antibodies to watch in 2021.

In this 12th annual installment of the Antibodies to Watch article series, we discuss key events in antibody therapeutics development that occurred in 2020 and forecast events that might occur in 2021. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic posed an array of challenges and opportunities to the healthcare system in 2020, and it will continue to do so in 2021. Remarkably, by late November 2020, two anti-SARS-CoV antibody products, bamlanivimab and the casirivimab and imdevimab cocktail, were authorized for emergency use by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the repurposed an

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… bispecific nanobody | TNF, albumin | Phase 3 | Rheumatoid arthritis (JapicCTI-184031) Kodiak Sciences Inc | KSI-301 | Antibody-biopolymer conjugate | VEGF | Phase 3 | Neovascular (wet) age-related macular degeneration ( NCT04049266 ); Diabetic macular degeneration (( NCT04611152 , NCT04603937 ) and macular … edema due to retinal vein occlusion ( NCT04592419 ) Hoffmann-La Roche | Faricimab | Bispecific CrossMab | VEGF-A, Ang2 | Phase 3 | Diabetic macular edema ( NCT03622593 , NCT03622580 , NCT04432831 ); Wet macular degeneration ( NCT03823287 , NCT03823300 ) Leronlimab (CytoDyn Inc.) …

Meibomian Gland Dysfunction Is Associated with Low Levels of Immunoglobulin Chains and Cystatin-SN.

Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) is a highly prevalent condition and the most common cause of evaporative dry eye disease. Studying the proteome of MGD can result in important advances in the management of the condition. Here, we collected tear film samples from treatment naïve patients with MGD (n = 10) and age-matched controls (n = 11) with Schirmer filtration paper. The samples were analyzed with label-free quantification nano liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The proteins were considered differentially expressed if p < 0.05. A total of 88 proteins were significantly regulate

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… Macular Edema in Central Retinal Vein Occlusion Correlates with Aqueous Fibrinogen Alpha Chain. Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2023;64:23. doi: 10.1167/iovs.64.2.23. 8. Cehofski L.J., Kojima K., Terao N., Kitazawa K., Thineshkumar S., Grauslund J., Vorum H., Honoré B. … Aqueous Fibronectin Correlates with Severity of Macular Edema and Visual Acuity in Patients with Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion: A Proteome Study. Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2020;61:6. doi: 10.1167/iovs.61.14.6. 9. Harman J.C., Guidry J.J., Gidday J.M. …

Двусторонний спонтанный диализ сетчатки в промежуточном увейтете, связанном с множественным склерозом: необычный случай.

ЦЕЛЬ: Сообщить о случае регматального сетчатого отсека (RRD), вызванного спонтанным диализом сетчатки в промежуточном увейтете из-за множественного склероза (MS). ЗАМЕЧАНИЯ: 29-летняя женщина из Ближнего Востока получила диагноз MS после случая двустороннего промежуточного увеита. Позже она представила последовательность RRD в обоих глазах. Пациент перенёс 25-футовый план витректомию. Внезапно был отмечен диализ сетчатки из-за тяги на витроусовой базе. Было также отмечено, что из-за ишемии утонченная сетчатка позвоночника. Постактивно, она восстановила свою зрительную привлекательность в обоих

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… Optical coherence tomography (OCT) showed no evidence of macular edema. Fundus fluorescein angiography showed diffuse leakage from vessels and no evidence of leakage at the macula. Hyperfluorescence of the disc was noted bilaterally in the late phase ( Fig. 1 ). …

Многомерное пространственное воздействие на толщину сетчатки АИ с высоким разрешением.

Толщина сетчатки является показателем здоровья сетчатки и в более широком плане рассматривается как перспективный биомаркер многих системных заболеваний. Измерения толщины сетчатки производятся на основе оптической последовательности томографии (OCT) в рамках плановой клинической офтальмологии. Мы обработали снимки Biobank OCT в Великобритании с помощью нервной сети для проведения мелких измерений толщины сетчатки по всей стране. > 29,000 Очки в макуле, часть сетчатки, ответственная за центральное зрение человека. Макула в непропорционально большой степени страдает от таких серьезных заболеван

Сфингосин 1-phosphate рецептор 1 Модераторы оказывают нейрозащитное воздействие на нарушения центральной нервной системы.

Фингозин 1-phosphate (S1P) Пути подачи сигналов имеют важные и разнообразные функции. Рецепторы S1P (S1PR) участвуют в регулировании торговли лимфоцитами, сердечно-церебральной функции, сосудистой проницаемости и бронхиолярного тона и были признаны в качестве терапевтических целей для различных заболеваний. Ряд лекарственных средств, связанных с траекторией подачи сигналов S1P, был утвержден для клинического использования при лечении множественных склерозов, и многие аналогичные препараты в настоящее время также проходят испытания в ходе клинических испытаний на различных этапах. Как представл

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… Another study of a large number of clinical studies identified adverse effects of S1PR1 modulators, including decreased lymphocyte counts, increased hepatic aminotransferase concentrations, bradycardia and arrhythmias, macular edema, hypertension, recurrence of herpes zoster, and convulsions. …

Legal access to medications: a threat to Brazil's public health system?

BackgroundIn Brazil, health is fundamental human right guaranteed by the Constitution of 1988, which created the Brazilian Universal Health System (Sistema Único de Saúde - SUS). The SUS provides medications for outpatient care via policy of pharmaceutical assistance (PA) programmes. Despite the advances in PA policies which include the improvement in access to medications, there has been a significant increase in lawsuits related to health products and services. This study aimed to characterize the medication processes filed between 2010 and 2014 against the Secretary of State for Health of S

Curcumin Formulations for Better Bioavailability: What We Learned from Clinical Trials Thus Far?

Curcumin has been credited with a wide spectrum of pharmacological properties for the prevention and treatment of several chronic diseases such as arthritis, autoimmune diseases, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, hemoglobinopathies, hypertension, infectious diseases, inflammation, metabolic syndrome, neurological diseases, obesity, and skin diseases. However, due to its weak solubility and bioavailability, it has limited potential as an oral medication. Numerous factors including low water solubility, poor intestinal permeability, instability at alkaline pH, and fast metabolism contri

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… edema | 73 | 6 months | 2 tablets/die | ↓CRT, ↓inner retinal layer thickness | safe, no adverse side effects | ( 158 ) CSL (phytosomal formulation) | healthy subjects | 12 | | 376 mg | ↑absorption | no adverse side effects | ( 137 ) curcumin phosphatidyl choline + Irinotecan | solid tumors | 23 | 28 … edema | 11 | 3 months | 1 g/day | ↓macular edema | no adverse side effects | ( 195 ) Gulf War illness | 39 | every 30 ± 3 days four times | 1 or 4 g day | ↓symptom severity | no serious adverse side effects | ( 178 ) hypercholesterolemia | 76 | 4 weeks | 1 g/day | ↓TC, ↓LDL-C, ↓TC/HDL ratio | no adverse …

The role of necroptosis in disease and treatment.

Necroptosis, a distinctive type of programmed cell death different from apoptosis or necrosis, triggered by a series of death receptors such as tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1), TNFR2, and Fas. In case that apoptosis process is blocked, necroptosis pathway is initiated with the activation of three key downstream mediators which are receptor-interacting serine/threonine protein kinase 1 (RIPK1), RIPK3, and mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL). The whole process eventually leads to destruction of the cell membrane integrity, swelling of organelles, and severe inflammation. Ove

Livedoid vasculopathy: A multidisciplinary clinical approach to diagnosis and management.

Livedoid vasculopathy (LV) is a rare, chronic, and occlusive disease of the veins supplying the upper parts of the skin. The pathogenesis of the disease is not precisely understood, and its attacks are often unpredictable but tend to worsen during the summer. LV affects women more often. This increased risk for LV in women might be related to sex-specific physiological conditions, such as pregnancy, or a higher incidence of LV-associated conditions, such as connective tissue diseases, hypercoagulable states, and venous stasis in women. The typical clinical appearance of LV consists of three ma

Сфингосин-1-Фосфатная модуляция в неврологических расстройствах: Отчёты от MS и Stroke.

Множественный склероз — это хроническое аутоиммунное заболевание, при котором иммунная система атакует защитную оболочку или миелин, покрывающую нервные волокна, что влияет на способность мозга общаться с другими частями тела. Эта аномальная иммунная реакция привлекает подстрекательские вещества, которые выглядят как повреждения мозга и спинного мозга. Инсульт характеризуется внезапным ухудшением неврологической функции в результате потери или ограничения кровотока в результате острого повреждения локального участка центральной нервной системы, включая мозг, сетчатку или спинной мозг. В то вре

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… Additionally, fingolimod has been associated with adverse cardiac events, including bradycardia and hypertension, as well as macular edema and elevated liver enzymes, requiring comprehensive pre-treatment screening and ongoing surveillance during therapy. …

Antibodies to watch in 2022.

In this 13th annual installment of the annual 'Antibodies to Watch' article series, we discuss key events in commercial antibody therapeutics development that occurred in 2021 and forecast events that might occur in 2022. Regulatory review of antibody therapeutics that target the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus proceeded at an unprecedented pace in 2021, resulting in both emergency use authorizations and full approvals for sotrovimab, regdanvimab, REGEN-COV2, as well as others, in numerous countries. As of November 1, a total of 11 antibody therapeutics had been granted first approvals in either the Un

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… Investigational antibody therapeutics in regulatory review in the European Union or the United States International non-proprietary name Target; Format Indication under review Status in EU Status in US Faricimab VEGF-A, Ang-2; Human/humanized IgG1 ҡ/λ bispecific Diabetic macular edema and neovascular … International non-proprietary name | Target; Format | Indication under review | Status in EU | Status in US Faricimab | VEGF-A, Ang-2; Human/humanized IgG1 ҡ/λ bispecific | Diabetic macular edema and neovascular age-related macular degeneration | In review | In review Sutimlimab | C1s; Humanized IgG4 …

Passive Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibody Therapies

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A year in pharmacology: new drugs approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in 2023.

With 54 new drugs and seven cellular and gene therapy products, the approvals by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recovered 2023 from the 2022 dent back to the levels of 2020-2021. As in previous years of this annual review, we assign these new drugs to one of three levels of innovation: first drug against a condition ("first-in-indication"), first drug using a novel molecular mechanism ("first-in-class"), and "next-in-class," i.e., a drug using an already exploited molecular mechanism. We identify four (7%) "first-in-indication," 22 (36%) "first-in-class," and 35 (57%) "next-in-class

MOG35 - 55 модель зрительного нерва EAE по сравнению с MS, MOGAD и NMOSD подтипов человеческого оптического неврата.

Оптический неврит (ON) или воспаление зрительного нерва является распространенным симптомом демиелинации нервно-воспалительных заболеваний, которые приводят к значительной потере негативного зрения. С учетом его связи с нарушениями зрения и различными масштабами визуального восстановления &quot; ОН &quot; была признана серьезным бременем для здоровья и потребность в новых терапевтических стратегиях для улучшения долгосрочных визуальных результатов. Среди ресурсов, используемых для проведения исследований, в качестве мощного инструмента изучения основ патофизиологии и эффективности предлагаемых

Oxidative Stress: Signaling Pathways, Biological Functions, and Disease.

The dysregulated accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species disrupts redox homeostasis, triggering oxidative stress (OS) and driving pathophysiological changes across multiple organ systems. OS modulates critical signaling pathways, induces inflammation, impairs mitochondrial function, alters metabolic homeostasis, and dysregulates autophagy, contributing to disease progression. While prior research has largely focused on OS within single-organ diseases (e.g., neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, and oncological disorders), the systemic role of OS in pan-organ di

Coming of Age for Autotaxin and Lysophosphatidate Signaling: Clinical Applications for Preventing, Detecting and Targeting Tumor-Promoting Inflammation.

A quarter-century after the discovery of autotaxin in cell culture, the autotaxin-lysophosphatidate (LPA)-lipid phosphate phosphatase axis is now a promising clinical target for treating chronic inflammatory conditions, mitigating fibrosis progression, and improving the efficacy of existing cancer chemotherapies and radiotherapy. Nearly half of the literature on this axis has been published during the last five years. In cancer biology, LPA signaling is increasingly being recognized as a central mediator of the progression of chronic inflammation in the establishment of a tumor microenvironmen

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… In retinal disease, macular edema is medically treated with steroids and anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents [ 118 ]. … Diabetic macular edema: Emerging strategies and treatment algorithms Dev. Ophthalmol. 2017 60 165 174 28427075 10.1159/000459706 119. Dacheva I. Ullmer C. Ceglowska K. Nogoceke E. Hartmann G. Muller S. Rejdak R. Nowomiejska K. Reich M. Nobl M. …

Longitudinal Analysis of P100 Wave Amplitude and Latency in Multiple Sclerosis: A 19-Year Retrospective VEP Study.

Background: The diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS) relies on identifying neurological signs and symptoms, supported by evidence of central nervous system (CNS) dissemination of lesions across time and space. The visual pathway is commonly involved in MS, with a frequent involvement of optic neuritis (ON) episodes. Our study aims to assess the relationship between neuronal damage and optic nerve demyelination by analyzing the latency and amplitude of the p100 wave complex using visual evoked potentials (VEPs). Methods: We conducted a retrospective longitudinal study, analyzing VEP records of