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Enhanced chondrogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells in silk fibroin/chitosan/glycosaminoglycan scaffolds under dynamic culture condition.

Cartilage tissue damage and diseases are the most common clinical situation that occurs because of aging and injury, thereby causing pain and loss of mobility. The inability of cartilage tissue to self-repair is instrumental in developing tissue engineered substitutes. To this effect, the present study aims to engineer cartilage construct by culturing umbilical cord blood-derived human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) on novel 3D porous scaffolds developed from natural biopolymers, silk fibroin (SF) and chitosan (CS), with addition of cartilage matrix components, glucosamine (Gl) and chondroitin

Dermal skin substitutes for upper limb reconstruction: current status, indications, and contraindications.

Dermal skin substitutes are a group of biologically engineered materials composed of collagen and glycosaminoglycans and are devoid of cellular structures. These biodegradable materials act as an artificial dermis to promote neovascularization and neodermis formation. Their applications in soft tissue reconstructions are rapidly expanding. In this article, the indications, advantages, and limitations of dermal skin substitutes for reconstruction of soft tissue defects of the upper extremity are reviewed.

Mechanical force optimization for craniofacial distraction osteogenesis: current concepts and future direction - a comprehensive review of the literature.

INTRODUCTION: Distraction osteogenesis is a fundamental surgical intervention for patients with complex craniofacial conditions such as syndromic craniosynostosis, mandibular micrognathia, and midface hypoplasia. Yet, its clinical implications continue to rely on empirical protocols lacking quantitative biomechanical foundations. AREAS COVERED: In this review, we present a comprehensive synthesis of the current literature on force, torque, viscoelastic soft tissue resistance, and regenerate mechanics during craniofacial distraction osteogenesis based on a comprehensive literature search on Pu

Dynamic Diselenide Hydrogels for Controlled Tumor Organoid Culture and Dendritic Cell Vaccination.

Dynamic hydrogels are emerging as advanced materials for engineering tissue-like environments that mimic cellular microenvironments. We introduce a diselenide-cross-linked hydrogel system with light-responsive properties, designed for precise control of tumor organoid growth and light-initiated radical inactivation, particularly for dendritic cell (DC) vaccines. Diselenide exchange enables stress relaxation and hydrogel remodeling, while recombination and quenching of seleno radicals (Se•) reduce cross-linking density, leading to controlled degradation. We demonstrate a 2D to 3D growth strateg

Preparation of genetically or chemically engineered exosomes and their therapeutic effects in bone regeneration and anti-inflammation.

The treatment of bone or cartilage damage and inflammation-related diseases has been a long-standing research hotspot. Traditional treatments such as surgery and cell therapy have only displayed limited efficacy because they can't avoid potential deterioration and ensure cell activity. Recently, exosomes have become a favorable tool for various tissue reconstruction due to their abundant content of proteins, lipids, DNA, RNA and other substances, which can promote bone regeneration through osteogenesis, angiogenesis and inflammation modulation. Besides, exosomes are also promising delivery sys

Review of the Latest Methods of Epidermolysis Bullosa and Other Chronic Wounds Treatment Including BIOOPA Dressing.

Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a hereditary genetic skin disorder, classified as a type of genodermatosis, which causes severe, chronic skin … ocytes, gene editing/engineering, and the clinical application of inducible pluripotent stem cells. Tissue engineering scientists are developing materials that mimic the structure and natural healing process to promote skin reconstruction in the event of an incurable injury. Although a cure for EB remains elusive, recent data from animal models and preliminary human …

Drug delivery systems and materials for wound healing applications.

Chronic, non-healing wounds place a significant burden on patients and healthcare systems, resulting in impaired mobility, limb amputation, or even death. Chronic wounds result from a disruption in the highly orchestrated cascade of events involved in wound closure. Significant advances in our understanding of the pathophysiology of chronic wounds have resulted in the development of drugs designed to target different aspects of the impaired processes. However, the hostility of the wound environment rich in degradative enzymes and its elevated pH, combined with differences in the time scales of

Beyond Transplantation: Engineering Neural Cell Therapies and Combination Strategies for Spinal Cord Repair.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) remains one of the most formidable challenges in regenerative medicine, often resulting in permanent loss of motor, sensory, and autonomic function. Cell-based therapies offer a promising path toward repair by providing donor neurons and glia capable of integrating into host circuits, modulating the injury environment, and restoring function. Early studies employing fetal neural tissue and neural progenitor cells (NPCs) have demonstrated proof-of-principle for survival, differentiation, and synaptic integration. More recently, pluripotent stem cell (PSC)-derived donor

An engineered bacteria-chitosan hybrid robot for lactate depletion and synergistic STING activation to potentiate bladder cancer immunotherapy.

The treatment of bladder cancer faces multiple challenges, including poor tumor tissue penetration, low drug delivery efficiency, and an immunosuppressive microenvironment. To overcome these bottlenecks, this study constructed a novel bacteria-chitosan hybrid robot. The system utilizes electrostatic interactions to combine engineered Escherichia coli expressing lactate oxidase with positively charged chitosan nanoparticles, with the latter co-loaded with a chemotherapeutic drug Doxorubicin (DOX) and the DNA repair inhibitor olaparib. Following intravesical instillation, the engineered bacteria

Patterned Arteriole-Scale Vessels Enhance Engraftment, Perfusion, and Vessel Branching Hierarchy of Engineered Human Myocardium for Heart Regeneration.

Heart regeneration after myocardial infarction (MI) using human stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (CMs) is rapidly accelerating with large animal and human clinical trials. However, vascularization methods to support the engraftment, survival, and development of implanted CMs in the ischemic environment of the infarcted heart remain a key and timely challenge. To this end, we developed a dual remuscularization-revascularization therapy that is evaluated in a rat model of ischemia-reperfusion MI. This study details the differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes

Nanoscale mineralization of cell-laden methacrylated gelatin hydrogels using calcium carbonate-calcium citrate core-shell microparticles.

Conventional biomaterials developed for bone regeneration fail to fully recapitulate the nanoscale structural organization and complex compo … mbining the superior biological response engendered by biomimetic mineralization with the intrinsic tissue engineering advantages offered by GelMA, such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, and printability, we envision that our system offers great potential for bone regeneration efforts.

Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Treating Articular Cartilage Defects and Osteoarthritis.

Articular cartilage damage and osteoarthritis are the most common joint diseases. Joints are prone to damage caused by sports injuries or ag … equired biomechanical properties. This review outlines the current status of MSCs used in cartilage tissue engineering and in cell therapy seeking to repair articular cartilage defects and related problems. MSC-based technologies show promise when used to repair cartilage defects in joints.

Unlocking the therapeutic potential of cellular mechanobiology.

Mechanobiology is a rapidly advancing field at the intersection of biology, physics, and engineering that reveals how mechanical forces shape cellular behavior, tissue architecture, and disease progression. By elucidating how cells sense and transduce mechanical cues, mechanobiology has fundamentally advanced our understanding of processes ranging from migration and differentiation to immune responses and tissue remodeling. These advances have driven the development of innovative biophysical tools and engineered biomaterials that enable precise modulation of the cellular microenvironment. Tran

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… In tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, micropatterns guide stem cell differentiation and tissue formation ( 119 , 120 ). … Collectively, these findings underscore the transformative potential of photocrosslinked composite hydrogels in tissue engineering. …

Neural network reconstruction and motor function recovery in traumatic brain injury rat models via a 3D collagen/heparan/bFGF/NGF scaffold combined with mesenchymal stem cells COMBINED SCAFFOLD-MSC THERAPY FOR TBI REPAIR.

Objective.To address the limited innate regenerative capacity of neural tissues following traumatic brain injury (TBI) by developing a novel therapeutic intervention.Approach.We engineered a composite scaffold using 3D bioprinting to integrate mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with collagen-heparan matrices supplemented with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and nerve growth factor (NGF), creating a 3D-CH-bFGF/NGF-MSCs construct.Main results.The engineered construct demonstrated favorable biomechanical characteristics and cytocompatibility. In rat TBI models, this intervention significantly en

A chimeric oncolytic adenovirus carried by macrophages for glioma immunotherapy.

Oncolytic viruses represent a promising frontier in glioma immunotherapy; however, they often encounter challenges, such as inadequate glioma infiltration and limited viral persistence in clinical settings. Macrophages are known to effectively infiltrate glioma tissue and have emerged as potential cell vectors. Nevertheless, they naturally resist viral infection. In this study, we engineered a chimeric adenovirus, OAd5/F35 [E2F1], by incorporating the E2F1 promoter and adenovirus E1A gene into the adenovirus backbone. The virus was then transported by macrophages to the tumor site in xenograft

Teixobactin: A Resistance-Evading Antibiotic for Treating Anthrax.

The antimicrobial resistance (AMR) crisis has been associated with millions of deaths. Of particular concern is the threat of bioweapons, exemplified by anthrax. Introduction of novel antibiotics helps mitigate AMR, but does not address the threat of bioweapons with engineered resistance. We reasoned that teixobactin, an antibiotic with no detectable resistance, is uniquely suited to address the challenge of weaponized anthrax. Teixobactin binds to immutable targets, precursors of cell wall polymers. Here we show that teixobactin is highly efficacious in a rabbit model of inhalation anthrax. I

A Resistance-Evading Antibiotic for Treating Anthrax.

The antimicrobial resistance crisis (AMR) is associated with millions of deaths and undermines the franchise of medicine. Of particular concern is the threat of bioweapons, exemplified by anthrax. Introduction of novel antibiotics helps mitigate AMR, but does not address the threat of bioweapons with engineered resistance. We reasoned that teixobactin, an antibiotic with no detectable resistance, is uniquely suited to address the challenge of weaponized anthrax. Teixobactinbinds to immutable targets, precursors of cell wall polymers. Here we show that teixobactinis highly efficacious in a rabb

Regional biomechanical and histological characterization of the mitral valve apparatus: Implications for mitral repair strategies.

The aim of this study was to investigate the regional and directional differences in the biomechanics and histoarchitecture of the porcine mitral valve (MV) apparatus, with a view to tailoring tissue-engineered constructs for MV repair. The anterior leaflet displayed the largest directional anisotropy with significantly higher strength in the circumferential direction compared to the posterior leaflet. The histological results indicated that this was due to the circumferential alignment of the collagen fibers. The posterior leaflet demonstrated no significant directional anisotropy in the mech

Comparison of medetomidine, thiopental and ketamine/midazolam anesthesia in chick embryos for in ovo Magnetic Resonance Imaging free of motion artifacts.

Non-invasive assessment of the perfusion capacity of tissue engineered constructs grown on the chorioallantoic membrane by MRI is often hampered by motion artifacts. Therefore, we examined the suitability of three anesthetic regimes for sufficient sedation of the chick embryo. Medetomidine at a dosage of 0.3 mg/kg, was compared to thiopental at 100 mg/kg and ketamine/midazolam at 50 mg/kg and 1 mg/kg, respectively. These soluble anesthetics were applied by dropping a total volume of 0.3 mL onto the surface of the CAM. Motion was videotaped through the window of the eggshell and scored semi-qua

Scaffold-based anti-infection strategies in bone repair.

Bone fractures and non-union defects often require surgical intervention where biomaterials are used to correct the defect, and approximately 10% of these procedures are compromised by bacterial infection. Currently, treatment options are limited to sustained, high doses of antibiotics and surgical debridement of affected tissue, leaving a significant, unmet need for the development of therapies to combat device-associated biofilm and infections. Engineering implants to prevent infection is a desirable material characteristic. Tissue engineered scaffolds for bone repair provide a means to both