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Acupuncture in Multiple Myeloma Peripheral Neuropathy: A Systematic Review.

BackgroundPeripheral neuropathy (PN) is a prevalent complication of multiple myeloma (MM), due to the disease itself or its treatment. Despite extensive research, the optimal treatment for multiple myeloma peripheral neuropathy (MMPN) remains unclear. Clinical practice has shown the potential efficacy of acupuncture in managing MMPN. This study aimed to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the literature to assess the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture as a treatment for MMPN.MethodsThe PubMed, Web of Science, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases were comprehensively searched fr

Serum free light chain levels and renal function at diagnosis in patients with multiple myeloma.

BackgroundRenal impairment (RI) is common in multiple myeloma (MM) and is associated with poor survival. This study reports the associations between renal function and disease characteristics including serum free light chain (FLC) level at diagnosis in patients with MM.MethodsUsing data from the Medical Research Council Myeloma IX trial, a multicentre, randomized, open-label, phase III and factorial-design trial, we assessed the relationships between renal function, demographic, and disease characteristics, including serum FLC levels, in 1595 newly diagnosed MM patients. Multivariable linear r

FDA-Approved Drugs for Hematological Malignancies-The Last Decade Review.

Hematological malignancies, also referred to as blood cancers, are a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth and persisting in the blood, lymph nodes, or bone marrow. The development of new targeted therapies including small molecule inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies, bispecific T cell engagers, antibody-drug conjugates, recombinant immunotoxins, and, finally, Chimeric Antigen Receptor T (CAR-T) cells has improved the clinical outcomes for blood cancers. In this review, we summarized 52 drugs that were divided into small molecule and macromolecule agents, approved by the Food and Drug

Translational Advances in Oncogene and Tumor-Suppressor Gene Research.

Cancer, characterized by the uncontrolled proliferation of cells, is one of the leading causes of death globally, with approximately one in five people developing the disease in their lifetime. While many driver genes were identified decades ago, and most cancers can be classified based on morphology and progression, there is still a significant gap in knowledge about genetic aberrations and nuclear DNA damage. The study of two critical groups of genes-tumor suppressors, which inhibit proliferation and promote apoptosis, and oncogenes, which regulate proliferation and survival-can help to unde

A Review of Clinical Practice Guidelines and Treatment Recommendations for Cancer Care in the COVID-19 Pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic has inevitably caused those involved in cancer care to change clinical practice in order to minimize the risk of infection while maintaining cancer treatment as a priority. General advice during the pandemic suggests that most patients continue with ongoing therapies or planned surgeries, while follow-up visits may instead be delayed until the resolution of the outbreak. We conducted a literature search using PubMed to identify articles published in English language that reported on care recommendations for cancer patients during the COVID-19 pandemic from its inception u

Combination therapy with novel agents for acute myeloid leukaemia: Insights into treatment of a heterogenous disease.

The treatment landscape of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is evolving rapidly. Venetoclax in combination with intensive chemotherapy or doublets or triplets with targeted or immune therapies is the focus of numerous ongoing trials. The development of mutation-targeted therapies has greatly enhanced the treatment armamentarium, with FLT3 inhibitors and isocitrate dehydrogenase inhibitors improving outcomes in frontline and relapsed/refractory (RR) AML, and menin inhibitors showing efficacy in RR NPM1mut and KMT2A-rearranged AML. With so many new drugs approved, the number of potential combinator

Is Systemic Immunosuppression a Risk Factor for Oral Cancer? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Even if the relationship between immunosuppression and increased incidence of systemic cancers is well known, there is less awareness about the risk of developing oral cancer in immunosuppressed patients. The aim of this review was to evaluate the association between immunosuppression and the development of oral cancer. Two authors independently and, in duplicate, conducted a systematic literature review of international journals and electronic databases (MEDLINE via OVID, Scopus, and Web of Science) from their inception to 28 April 2023. The assessment of risk of bias and overall quality of e

Pharmacomicrobiomics in Anticancer Therapies: Why the Gut Microbiota Should Be Pointed Out.

Anticancer treatments have shown a variable therapeutic outcome that may be partly attributable to the activity of the gut microbiota on the pathology and/or therapies. In recent years, microbiota-drug interactions have been extensively investigated, but most of the underlying molecular mechanisms still remain unclear. In this review, we discuss the relationship between the gut microbiota and some of the most commonly used drugs in oncological diseases. Different strategies for manipulating the gut microbiota layout (i.e., prebiotics, probiotics, antibiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantati

BH3 Mimetics in Hematologic Malignancies.

Hematologic malignancies (HM) comprise diverse cancers of lymphoid and myeloid origin, including lymphomas (approx. 40%), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL, approx. 15%), multiple myeloma (MM, approx. 15%), acute myeloid leukemia (AML, approx. 10%), and many other diseases. Despite considerable improvement in treatment options and survival parameters in the new millennium, many patients with HM still develop chemotherapy‑refractory diseases and require re-treatment. Because frontline therapies for the majority of HM (except for CLL) are still largely based on classical cytostatics, the relapse

Combating Methotrexate Resistance in Cancer Treatment: A Review on Navigating Pathways and Enhancing Its Efficacy With Fat-Soluble Vitamins.

Methotrexate (MTX), a potent analogue and antagonist of folic acid, is a first-line treatment for rheumatoid arthritis, IBD and cancer. The development of MTX resistance contributes to the reduced efficacy and development of adverse reactions, forcing clinicians to withdraw treatment early. This drawback requires combinational approaches to combat the resistance and enhance the efficacy and safety of MTX. To provide a brief overview of MTX resistance and strategies to mitigate its aftereffects in cancer therapy, a literature-based search was conducted using keywords such as cancer pathology, M

Overcoming resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy in acute myeloid leukemia.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is characterized by molecular, immunological, and clinical heterogeneity and this has been reflected with changing paradigms in the treatment landscape of AML in recent years. Despite high remission rates with conventional chemotherapy regimens, most patients eventually relapse and have disappointing outcomes in the relapsed setting, with estimated 5-year overall survival rates ranging from 10-15%. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) restrain T-cell suppressive signals delivered through cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) or programmed cell death p

Совпадение в полном тексте источника
… From am immunological perspective, the AML microenvironment results in a complex intricate network of intrinsic and extrinsic factors recruited by neoplastic stem cells to induce a state of effective immunosuppression to drive disease progression. …

From Bench to Bedside and Beyond: Therapeutic Scenario in Acute Myeloid Leukemia.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous group of clonal disorders characterized by abnormal proliferation of undifferentiated myeloid progenitors, impaired hematopoiesis, and variable response to therapy. To date, only about 30% of adult patients with AML become long-term survivors and relapse and/or disease refractoriness are the major cause of treatment failure. Thus, this is an urgent unmet clinical need and new drugs are envisaged in order to ameliorate disease survival outcomes. Here, we review the latest therapeutic approaches (investigational and approved agents) for AML treatme

Recent advances in adoptive cell therapy for cancer immunotherapy.

Adoptive cell therapy (ACT), a key direction in tumor immunotherapy, has achieved remarkable progress in recent years. This paper systematically reviews the current status and future trends of ACT, covering lymphokine-activated killer cells (LAK), tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL), cytokine-induced killer cells (CIK), dendritic cells (DC), T cell receptor-modified T cells (TCR-T), chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-T), natural killer (NK) cells, chimeric antigen receptor-modified NK cells (CAR-NK), and the emerging CAR-M. The paper focuses on emerging technological approaches, including

Application of cell-derived exosomes in the hematological malignancies therapy.

Exosomes are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin that are produced by both tumor and normal cells and can be found in physiological fluids like plasma and cell culture supernatants. They include cytokines, growth factors, proteins, lipids, RNAs, and metabolites and are important intercellular communication controllers in several disorders. According to a vast amount of research, exosomes could support or inhibit tumor start and diffusion in a variety of solid and hematological malignancies by paracrine signaling. Exosomes are crucial therapeutic agents for a variety of illnesses, such

Monitoring Minimal Residual Disease in Patients with Multiple Myeloma by Targeted Tracking Serum M-Protein Using Mass Spectrometry (EasyM).

PurposeWe investigated both the clinical utilities and the prognostic impacts of the clonotypic peptide mass spectrometry (MS)-EasyM, a blood-based minimal residual disease (MRD) monitoring protocol in multiple myeloma.Experimental designA total of 447 sequential serum samples from 56 patients with multiple myeloma were analyzed using EasyM. Patient-specific M-protein peptides were sequenced from diagnostic samples; sequential samples were quantified by EasyM to monitor the M-protein. The performance of EasyM was compared with serum immunofixation electrophoresis (IFE), bone marrow multiparame

Risks of Solid and Lymphoid Malignancies in Patients with Myeloproliferative Neoplasms: Clinical Implications.

In the past decade, several studies have reported that patients with chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) have an increased risk of second solid cancer or lymphoid hematological cancer. In this qualitative review study, we present results from studies that report on these cancer risks in comparison to cancer incidences in the general population or a control group. Our literature search identified 12 such studies published in the period 2009-2018 including analysis of more than 65,000 patients. The results showed that risk of solid cancer is 1.5- to 3.0-fold elevated and the risk of lymp

Effectiveness and safety of COVID-19 vaccines in patients with oncological diseases: State-of-the-art.

Although the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic was declared to be no longer "a public health emergency of international concern" with its wide range of clinical manifestations and late complications, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection proved to be a serious threat, especially to the elderly and patients with comorbidities. Patients with oncologic diseases are vulnerable to severe infection and death. Indeed, patients with oncohematological diseases have a higher risk of severe COVID-19 and impaired post-vaccination immunity. Unfortunately, cancer patients are

The epigenetic revolution in hematology: from benchside breakthroughs to clinical transformations.

The field of hematology has experienced a substantial evolution with the acknowledgment of epigenetic processes as essential factors in the development of hematological malignancies. This review article examines the influence of epigenetic alterations, namely DNA methylation and histone modifications, on the onset and advancement of conditions such as acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndromes. We discuss how these epigenetic modifications lead to the deregulation of gene expression, eventually promoting leukemogenesis. The emergence of epigenetic therapies, such as DNA methyltransfe

Cost Effectiveness of Triplet Selinexor-Bortezomib-Dexamethasone (XVd) in Previously Treated Multiple Myeloma (MM) Based on Results from the Phase III BOSTON Trial.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Nearly all patients with multiple myeloma undergo multiple rounds of therapy. The phase III BOSTON trial of once-weekly selinexor and once-weekly bortezomib with dexamethasone (XVd) vs twice-weekly bortezomib and dexamethasone (Vd) is the basis for this cost-effectiveness analysis in previously treated multiple myeloma from a US commercial payer perspective over a lifetime horizon. METHODS: A partitioned survival model enabled use of direct overall survival and progression-free survival curves from BOSTON to generate four health states for XVd and Vd: progression-fre

Next-generation immunotherapeutic approaches for blood cancers: Exploring the efficacy of CAR-T and cancer vaccines.

Recent advancements in immunotherapy, particularly Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy and cancer vaccines, have significantly transformed the treatment landscape for leukemia. CAR-T cell therapy, initially promising in hematologic cancers, faces notable obstacles in solid tumors due to the complex and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Challenges include the heterogeneous immune profiles of tumors, variability in antigen expression, difficulties in therapeutic delivery, T cell exhaustion, and reduced cytotoxic activity at the tumor site. Additionally, the physical barriers w