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Automated Magnetic Resonance Volumetry to Measure Multiple System Atrophy Disease Progression in Clinical Trials.

BACKGROUND: Recent studies have reported longitudinal brain atrophy in multiple system atrophy (MSA) in relatively small patient cohorts. O … showed the largest longitudinal volume loss compared with HC. The annualized change of a cerebellum-pons-putamen volumetric index was the most powerful progression biomarker in MSA patients (effect size: -1.81 [95% CI: -2.14, -1.55]) and in both subtypes (MSA-C: -2.04 [95% CI: -2.58, -1.68], MSA-P: -1.55 [95% CI: -2.08, -1.22]), requiring the lowest sa …

Noninvasive Identification of Isocitrate Dehydrogenase 1/2 Mutation in Brainstem Gliomas.

PURPOSE: A subset of brainstem gliomas harbor an isocitrate dehydrogenase 1/2 (IDH1/2) mutation, which has important prognostic and treatmen … tem gliomas were identified, 57% male with a median age of 26 (6-59) years. All tumors involved the pons and/or abutted the brachium pontis. Although 18 (86%) of 21 were nonenhancing, only one of 21 demonstrated T2-FLAIR mismatch. An IDH1/2 mutation was identified by biopsy in 17 and by CSF cfDNA sequencing in three; in the final patient, an IDH1/2 mut …

Individualized Surgical Management of Brainstem Cavernous Malformations: A Single-Center Experience with 50 Cases and Favorable Long-Term Outcomes.

OBJECTIVE: Brainstem cavernous malformations (BSCMs) are associated with higher morbidity and mortality than cavernous malformations in othe … s 1 in 38 patients, 2 in 10 patients, and 3 in 2 patients. Lesion locations were midbrain (n = 12), pons (n = 25), and medulla oblongata (n = 13). Surgical approaches were selected based on lesion location and safe entry zones: suboccipital (n = 32), retrosigmoid (n = 8), subtemporal (n = 5), and far lateral (n = 5). Gross-total resection (GTR) was ach …

Endovascular recanalisation for acute basilar artery occlusion with extended time window of 24-72 hours (ANGEL-BAO): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Acute basilar artery occlusion (BAO) carries a disability rate as high as 80% and its optimal treatment window remains a clinica … ited infarct extent (posterior circulation Acute Stroke Prognosis Early CT Score (pc-ASPECTS)≥6 and Pons-Midbrain Index≤3). OUTCOME: The primary efficacy outcome is the proportion of patients achieving an mRS score of 0-3 at 90 days. Secondary outcomes include mRS distribution, NIHSS scores, quality of life questionnaire (EuroQol 5-Dimension questionn …

Endovascular Treatment of Bow Hunter's Syndrome Presenting With Acute Vertebral Artery Occlusion: A Case Report.

BackgroundBow Hunter's Syndrome (BHS) is a rare condition in which dynamic vertebral artery (VA) compression during neck rotation induces tr … hemiparesis, and sensory disturbance. Magnetic resonance imaging showed acute infarcts in the left pons and cerebellum, while magnetic resonance angiography showed poor visualization from the VA to the basilar artery. Emergency cerebral angiography showed VA occlusion, and subsequent thrombectomy was performed, which resulted in successful recanalizat …

Hypertrophic Olivary Degeneration Following Brainstem Hemorrhage in a Patient with Tremor: A Case Report with Serial MRI Follow-Up.

Background: Hypertrophic olivary degeneration (HOD) is a rare neurological condition resulting from trans-synaptic degeneration of the infer … : A 43-year-old male presented with intracerebral hemorrhage involving the left midbrain, bilateral pons, and cerebellum. Serial MRI was prospectively performed starting four weeks post-hemorrhage, at which time no signal abnormalities were detected in the ION. However, at 9 weeks, T2 hyperintensity first emerged in the bilateral ION. Approximately 2 w …

Неврологические последствия гипергликемии: сообщение о редком представлении о синдроме осмотической демиелинации.

Синдром осмотического обезвоживания (ОРД) представляет собой редкое, но потенциально опасное для жизни неврологическое расстройство. Она характеризуется невоспалительным обезвоживанием, которое, как правило, вызвано внезапными сменами сыворотки. Однако появляющиеся данные свидетельствуют о том, что резкие осмотические изменения, вызванные сильной гипергликемией, даже при отсутствии натриевого дисбаланса, могут также приводить к образованию ОРВ. ПРЕДОСТАВЛЕНИЕ СЛУЧАИ: А 57-year-old мужского пола с плохо управляемым типом 2 Больной диабет и хроническое употребление алкоголя сопровождаются период

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
BACKGROUND: : Osmotic demyelination syndrome (ODS) is a rare but potentially life-threatening neurological disorder. It is characterized by … 11 showed symmetric T2/FLAIR (Fluid-Attenuated Inversion Recovery) hyperintensities in the central pons extending into the middle cerebellar peduncles. These findings, in the absence of diffusion restriction or enhancement, were characteristic of central pontine myelinolysis (CPM). No extrapontine involvement was observed. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS: : R …

Automated radiosynthesis and clinical experience of [18F]SMBT-1 PET imaging for in vivo evaluation of reactive astrocyte in Parkinson's disease: a pilot study.

BACKGROUND: Neuroinflammation plays an important role in progression of Parkinson disease (PD). [18F]SMBT-1 is a promising novel radiotracer … e [18F]FDOPA showed increased [18F]SMBT-1 in prefrontal cortex, temporal lobes, striatum, thalamus, pons, medullar, and midbrain while severe PD showed globally increased [1⁸F]SMBT-1. Healthy control also showed globally increased [18F]SMBT-1 uptake. There was no significant correlation between the degree of [18F]FDOPA uptake and [18F]SMBT-1 uptake in …

Multicentre prospective study on the diagnostic and prognostic validity of malnutrition assessment tools in surgery.

BACKGROUND: Malnutrition is a risk factor for postoperative morbidity but the optimal tool for the assessment of malnutrition is unclear. M … tion universal screening tool), NRI (nutritional risk index), NRS-2002 (nutrition risk scale 2002), PONS (perioperative nutrition screen) and SNAQ (short nutrition assessment questionnaire) tools were applied for malnutrition risk assessments. Indicators of diagnostic accuracy (sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic odds ratio, areas under the receiver o …

Progression of biological markers in spinocerebellar ataxia type 3: analysis of longitudinal data from the ESMI cohort.

BACKGROUND: Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) is an autosomal dominantly inherited adult-onset disease. We aimed to describe longitudinal … ich its value, as determined by modelling, exceeded the mean ±2 SD of healthy controls. To study responsiveness of markers, we determined the sensitivity to change ratios (SCSs). RESULTS: Data from 291 SCA3 mutation carriers before and after clinical onset and 121 healthy controls were included. NfL levels became abnormal more than 20 years (-21.5 yea …

Case Report: Improved hearing in a rare, adult IDH2-mutant brainstem astrocytoma successfully treated with radiation and temozolomide.

INTRODUCTION: Brain stem gliomas harboring IDH mutations can be sensitive to temozolomide (TMZ) treatment, unlike their H3K27-altered counterparts, so distinguishing the two is essential. CASE PRESENTATION: Here, we report an adult brainstem glioma patient whose hearing loss normalized after treatment. He presented with gradual left hearing loss from two years before, and magnetic resonance (MR) images showed a diffuse mass lesion involving the pons to left middle cerebral peduncle, including the vestibular and cochlear nuclei. On MR spectroscopy (MRS), 2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG) was elevated t…

In search of the optimal MRI marker for progressive supranuclear palsy: a large, single-center, retrospective study on the effect of phenotype, diagnostic certainty and disease duration.

INTRODUCTION: Multiple MRI markers have been introduced as surrogate markers of progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). Midbrain surface, midbrain/pons surface ratio (M/P) and the Magnetic Resonance Parkinsonism Index (MRPI) have produced high diagnostic accuracy in differentiating PSP from other parkinsonian disorders. A systematic comparison of the diagnostic accuracy of available MRI markers, and the effect of disease duration, clinical presentation, level of clinical certainty on the performance of these markers is lacking. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this single-center, retrospective study, …

Computed Tomography Perfusion Parameters: A Potential Tool for Treatment Selection in Basilar Artery Occlusion.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the association between computed tomography perfusion (CTP) parameters and outcomes in basilar arter … CTP-posterior circulation acute stroke prognosis early computed tomography score (CTP-pc-ASPECTS), pons-midbrain-thalamus (PMT) hypoperfusion. Multivariable Firth logistic regression was used to analyze associations between CTP parameters and outcomes and to explore treatment interactions. The primary outcome was favorable outcome, defined as modified …

How to deal with the superior petrosal vein in microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia?

OBJECTIVE: How to manage the superior petrosal vein (SPV) obstructing the operative field during microvascular decompression (MVD) for trige … d conservatively (n = 1); transient mild ataxia associated with a small infarct in the dorsolateral pons (n = 1); and intracerebellar hemorrhage that manifested with transient right-sided ataxia (n = 1). The overall complication rate was not statistically different between the group in which the SPV division technique was used and the group in which th …

Presence of Cryptosporidium spp and other enteroparasites with pathogenic potential in hemodialysis patients: an open controlled study.

INTRODUCTION: The World Health Organization (WHO) points out that infection by enteroparasites can affect ~3.5 billion people around the world. Hemodialysis (HD) patients may be more susceptible to infections by opportunistic pathogens due to impaired immune function. We evaluated enteroparasite infection in a sample of HD-patients from two dialysis centers and in a control group. METHODS: Fecal samples were processed using the Hoffmann-Pons-Janner, Ritchie, Willis, and Rugai techniques. Patients with kidney failure from two dialysis centers undergoing HD for more than 3 months were included.…

Factors to predict recurrence after epidural blood patch in patients with spontaneous intracranial hypotension.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to identify predictors for the recurrence of spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) after epidural blood pa … ents, p = 0.001; 11/19 [57%] vs. seven of 36 [19%] patients, p = 0.010, respectively). The midbrain-pons angle decreased in the recurrence group compared to the no-recurrence group after EBP, at a mean (standard deviation [SD]) of -12.0 [16.7] vs. +1.8[18.3]° (p = 0.048). In volumetric analysis, volume changes after EBP were smaller in the recurrence g …

Redefining the phenotype of alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase (AMACR) deficiency.

BACKGROUND: Alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase (AMACR) deficiency is a rare peroxisomal enzyme deficiency caused by biallelic variants in the AMA … adult patients showed a typical MRI pattern involving the thalami and gray matter structures of the pons and midbrain. One patient had a hepatocellular carcinoma at the time of the AMACR deficiency diagnosis and two patients suffered from gallstones. All three included children had elevated liver transaminases as single presenting sign and showed no br …

Spinocerebellar Ataxias: Phenotypic Spectrum of PolyQ versus Non-Repeat Expansion Forms.

Spinocerebellar ataxias (SCA) are most frequently due to (CAG)n (coding for polyglutamine, polyQ) expansions and, less so, to expansion of o … n SCA, but the difference in SARA score was not statistically significant. Cerebellar peduncles and pons atrophy were more common in polyQ ataxias, as was axonal neuropathy. SCA had a wide range of genetic etiology, age-at-onset and presentation. Proportion of polyQ and non-repeat expansion SCA was similar; the latter had a higher genetic heterogeneity …

Twenty-Month Regression Following Concurrent Conventional Whole-Brain Irradiation and Chemoimmunotherapy for ≥3.8 cm Cerebellar Metastasis From Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Standard whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) alone for large brain metastases (BMs) from small cell lung cancer (SCLC) has limited efficacy and … rge cerebellar lesion had remarkably regressed, and the smaller lesions (≤17 mm) showed complete responses (CRs) without local progression at 20 months. However, six and 16 months after WBRT, the thoracic lesions had progressed, and although amrubicin was administered, four new BMs, including pons involvement, had developed, respectively. Despite the C …

The medullary serotonergic centres involved in cardiorespiratory control are disrupted by fetal growth restriction.

Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is associated with cardiovascular and respiratory complications after birth and beyond. Despite research show … we assessed histopathological alterations in the brainstem cardiorespiratory control centres of the pons and medulla in early-onset FGR versus control fetal sheep. The FGR cohort were hypoxaemic and asymmetrically growth restricted. Compared to the controls, the brainstem of FGR fetuses exhibited signs of neuropathology, including elevated cell death a …