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Biomimetic materials for medical applications.

AbstractRecent advances in biomedical research have facilitated the exploration of biomimetic materials and their potential for diagnosing and treating diseases. This review synthesizes reports of recent research into biomimetic materials and provides a focused analysis of their therapeutic and diagnostic efficacy across multiple physiological systems, including the locomotor, digestive, respiratory, urinary, endocrine, nervous, integumentary, hematopoietic, and circulatory systems. These findings highlight the transformative potential of these materials in the management of systemic diseases.

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… AB@LRM has been loaded with the photosensitizer black phosphorus quantum dots and the antibiotic amikacin. The excellent photothermal and photodynamic properties of black phosphorus quantum dots under NIR laser irradiation substantially enhance bacterial sensitivity to antibiotics. …

Nanomaterials in gene therapy and genome editing: challenges and emerging directions.

Nanomaterials are redefining the landscape of gene and genome editing, yet their translation to clinical reality remains constrained by multiple unresolved challenges. While they provide structural and functional advantages for delivering nucleic acids and CRISPR/Cas systems across biological barriers, their behavior within living systems is often unpredictable, leading to issues such as off-target editing, immune activation, and inconsistent biodistribution. The design of nanocarriers, whether lipid-based, polymeric, inorganic, must therefore balance efficiency with safety, integrating physic

Polydatin: Pharmacological Mechanisms, Therapeutic Targets, Biological Activities, and Health Benefits.

Polydatin is a natural potent stilbenoid polyphenol and a resveratrol derivative with improved bioavailability. Polydatin possesses potential biological activities predominantly through the modulation of pivotal signaling pathways involved in inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. Various imperative biological activities have been suggested for polydatin towards promising therapeutic effects, including anticancer, cardioprotective, anti-diabetic, gastroprotective, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, anti-microbial, as well as health-promoting roles on the renal system, the respiratory s

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… Novel Delivery Systems of Polydatin Various novel drug delivery systems, including nanoparticles [ 238 ], liposomes [ 239 ], micelles [ 240 ], quantum dots [ 241 ], and polymeric nanocapsules [ 242 ], are designed to enhance polydatin pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics [ 243 ]. … ZnO#ZnS quantum dot (QD) heterojunctions (QDHJs) have been reported to lower free concentration of stilbenes such as polydatin and their pharmacological effects through increasing the affinity of polydatin for common bovine plasma proteins [ 241 ]. …

Nanobodies for Medical Imaging: About Ready for Prime Time?

Recent advances in medical treatments have been revolutionary in shaping the management and treatment landscape of patients, notably cancer patients. Over the last decade, patients with diverse forms of locally advanced or metastatic cancer, such as melanoma, lung cancers, and many blood-borne malignancies, have seen their life expectancies increasing significantly. Notwithstanding these encouraging results, the present-day struggle with these treatments concerns patients who remain largely unresponsive, as well as those who experience severely toxic side effects. Gaining deeper insight into t

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… A recently developed method uses a CTLA-4-specific nanobody-fluorescent carbon quantum dots complex (QDs-Nb) in order to detect CTLA-4-positive cells by assays such as flow cytometry and immunofluorescent staining [ 105 ]. …

Электрохимические датчики на основе полимера для диагностики нейродегенеративных заболеваний.

Острые и хронические нейродегенеративные заболевания (ND), включая множественный склероз (MS), болезнь Альцгеймера (AD) и болезнь Паркинсона (PD), характеризуются нейродегенерацией, которая представляет собой постепенный сбой и повреждение нейронов и аксонов в центральной нервной системе. Благодаря обнаружению соответствующих биомаркеров нейродегенеративных заболеваний (ND) стало возможным совершенствование клинических диагностических исследований, а также разработка и отслеживание успешных методов лечения заболеваний. Важные биомаркеры, такие, как белки тау, амилоид-β и α-синуклеины, имеют ва

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… Nanomaterials, including quantum dots (QDs), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and metal NPs, were often incorporated in constructing nanobiosensors. Because of their high reactivity and quick electron transfer rates, nanomaterials may shorten the response time of electrochemical sensors. …

The Application of Aptamer and Research Progress in Liver Disease.

Aptamers, as a kind of small-molecule nucleic acid, have attracted much attention since their discovery. Compared with biological reagents such as antibodies, aptamers have the advantages of small molecular weight, low immunogenicity, low cost, and easy modification. At present, aptamers are mainly used in disease biomarker discovery, disease diagnosis, treatment, and targeted drug delivery vectors. In the process of screening and optimizing aptamers, it is found that there are still many problems need to be solved such as the design of the library, optimization of screening conditions, the tr

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… Aptamer conjugated quantum dots for imaging cellular uptake in cancer cells. Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology. 2019;19(7):3798–3803. doi: 10.1166/jnn.2019.16735. 91. Zhou Y, Li W, Tseng Y, Zhang J, Liu J. …

Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles as Drug Delivery Vehicles in Cancer.

Even though cancer treatment has improved over the recent decades, still more specific and effective treatment concepts are mandatory. Surgical removal is not always possible, metastases are challenging and chemo- and radiotherapy can not only have severe side-effects but also resistances may occur. To cope with these challenges more efficient therapies with fewer side-effects are required. One promising approach is the use of drug delivery vehicles. Here, mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) are discussed as biodegradable drug carrier to improve efficacy and reduce side-effects. MSN excellen

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… Drug delivery systems can also be based on inorganic materials, e.g., gold nanoparticles, metal oxide such as iron oxide particles, carbon nanotubes, quantum dots and mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) [ 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ]. …

Структура-ориентированное исследование ДНК-аптамера, целевого PTK7, выявляет сложную 3D-составляющую, направляющую оптимизацию функции.

DNA аптамеры вышли в качестве новых молекулярных инструментов в терапевтической и диагностической медицине благодаря своей высокой аффинности и специфичности к белковым целям, что определяется их способностью сворачиваться в отличительные трехмерные (3D) структуры. Однако при проектировании и моделировании аптамеров часто игнорируются тонкие атомные взаимодействия, формирующие 3D структуры, что приводит к неэффективной оптимизации функциональных свойств. Проблемы сохраняются при определении высокоразрешающих структур комплексов аптамер-белок. Кроме того, экспериментально определенные 3D структ

Novel Strategies for Tumor Treatment: Harnessing ROS-Inducing Active Ingredients from Traditional Chinese Medicine Through Multifunctional Nanoformulations.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) encompass a diverse group of chemically reactive molecules or ions distinguished by their substantial oxidative potential. Empirical studies have shown that the targeted administration of high toxic concentrations of ROS can effectively induce tumor cell death in various types. Numerous bioactive ingredients derived from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), recognized for their ROS-inducing properties, have demonstrated significant anti-tumor activity. Nonetheless, their clinical application has been hindered by challenges such as low solubility, limited bioavailab

Polyphenols: Chemoprevention and therapeutic potentials in hematological malignancies.

Polyphenols are one of the largest plant-derived natural product and they play an important role in plants' defense as well as in human health and disease. A number of them are pleiotropic molecules and have been shown to regulate signaling pathways, immune response and cell growth and proliferation which all play a role in cancer development. Hematological malignancies on the other hand, are cancers of the blood. While current therapies are efficacious, they are usually expensive and with unwanted side effects. Thus, the search for newer less toxic agents. Polyphenols have been reported to po

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… The combination of a chemotherapy formulation of cysteamine-modified cadmium tellurium (Cys-CdTe) quantum dots coloaded with daunorubicin and gambogic acid (GA) nanoparticles displayed a dose-dependent antiproliferative activity on multidrug-resistant lymphoma Raji/DNR cells in vitro and in vivo ( 322 …

Vitamin C-Sources, Physiological Role, Kinetics, Deficiency, Use, Toxicity, and Determination.

Vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid) has been known as an antioxidant for most people. However, its physiological role is much larger and encompasses very different processes ranging from facilitation of iron absorption through involvement in hormones and carnitine synthesis for important roles in epigenetic processes. Contrarily, high doses act as a pro-oxidant than an anti-oxidant. This may also be the reason why plasma levels are meticulously regulated on the level of absorption and excretion in the kidney. Interestingly, most cells contain vitamin C in millimolar concentrations, which is much highe

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… In this regard, a cost-effective preparation of carbon quantum dots to determine Fe 3+ ions and L-ascorbic acid detection in living cells showed a limit of detection of 196 nmol/L [ 258 ]. Finally, commercially available vitamin C kits are often used in routine and research clinical applications. …

Updates in Anthracycline-Mediated Cardiotoxicity.

Cardiotoxicity is one of the main adverse effects of chemotheraphy, affecting the completion of cancer therapies and the short- and long-term quality of life. Anthracyclines are currently used to treat many cancers, including the various forms of leukemia, lymphoma, melanoma, uterine, breast, and gastric cancers. World Health Organization registered anthracyclines in the list of essential medicines. However, anthracyclines display a major cardiotoxicity that can ultimately culminate in congestive heart failure. Taking into account the growing rate of cancer survivorship, the clinical significa

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… Mitochondria-based aircraft carrier enhances in vivo imaging of carbon quantum dots and delivery of anticancer drug. Nanoscale 10 3744 – 3752 . 10.1039/C7NR08816G 29411807 Lim C. C. Zuppinger C. Guo X. Kuster G. M. Helmes M. Eppenberger H. M. ( 2004 ). …

Exogenous α-ketoglutarate Modulates Redox Metabolism and Functions of Human Dendritic Cells, Altering Their Capacity to Polarise T Cell Response.

Alpha-ketoglutarate (αKG) emerged as a key regulator of energetic and redox metabolism in cells, affecting the immune response in various conditions. However, it remained unclear how the exogenous αKG modulates the functions of dendritic cells (DCs), key cells regulating T-cell response. Here we found that non-toxic doses of αKG display anti-inflammatory properties in human APC-T cell interaction models. In a model of monocyte-derived (mo)DCs, αKG impaired the differentiation, and the maturation of moDCs induced with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/interferon (IFN)-γ, and decreased their capacity to

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… Graphene quantum dots suppress proinflammatory T cell responses via autophagy-dependent induction of tolerogenic dendritic cells. Biomaterials. 2017;146:13–28. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.08.040. 20. Tomic S, Ilic N, Kokol V, Gruden-Movsesijan A, Mihajlovic D, Bekic M. et al. …

Множественный склероз: то, что мы узнали и можем узнать из электронной микроскопии.

Множественный склероз (MS) — воспалительное нейродегенеративное заболевание, характеризующееся возникновением демиелинированных повреждений в центральной нервной системе. Повреждения MS могут подвергаться воспоминанию, временно смягчая симптомы, но по мере развития болезни воспроизводство становится менее эффективным. Помимо повреждений, нормальные появляющиеся ткани мозга имеют тонкие изменения, потенциально указывающие на более широкую диффузную патологию и/или повышенную подверженность воздействию повреждений. Патология MS варьируется между повреждениями серых и белых веществ и их нормальны

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… CLEM offers the advantage of not obscuring ultrastructural details, unlike labelling methods such as diaminobenzidine (DAB), immunogold, or quantum dots, which can mask ultrastructure by adding label intensity to the original EM contrast. …

Advancements in Targeted Radiopharmaceuticals: Innovations in Diagnosis and Therapy for Enhanced Cancer Management.

Radiopharmaceuticals (RPhs) represent a breakthrough in nuclear medicine due to their ability to provide precise diagnosis and targeted therapy for cancer by incorporating radioactive isotopes into carrier molecules. This review systematically discusses the recent advances in the development of RPhs, focusing on state-of-the-art probe design strategies and click chemistry applications that accelerate RPh syntheses and improve targeting efficiency. The manuscript synthesizes literature from multiple databases spanning January 2014 to April 2025, encompassing diagnostic modalities including posi

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… Figure 16b presents a range of nanovehicles to carry RPhs, such as metallic nanoparticles, quantum dots, carbon nanotubes, mesoporous materials, and magnetic nanoparticles. Similarly, dendrimer, micelle, and liposome are common biological elements used for targeted delivery. …

Smart Lipid-Based Nanosystems for Therapeutic Immune Induction against Cancers: Perspectives and Outlooks.

Cancer immunotherapy, a promising and widely applied mode of oncotherapy, makes use of immune stimulants and modulators to overcome the immune dysregulation present in cancer, and leverage the host's immune capacity to eliminate tumors. Although some success has been seen in this field, toxicity and weak immune induction remain challenges. Liposomal nanosystems, previously used as targeting agents, are increasingly functioning as immunotherapeutic vehicles, with potential for delivery of contents, immune induction, and synergistic drug packaging. These systems are tailorable, multifunctional,

Целевые стратегии лечения рака цвета кожи: изучение использования аптемеров и золотых нанопчастей.

Рак цвета кожи (КЗК) является второй ведущей причиной смертности от рака и является причиной ~10% из всех случаев рака. По оценкам, во всем мире случаи, связанные с КПР 1.9 million и 930,000 смертями в 2022. Несмотря на расширение доступа к обследованиям и лечению в рамках КПР, ожидается, что показатели смертности резко возрастут в районах с низким уровнем ресурсов, что подчеркивает настоятельную необходимость принятия новаторских мер по лечению в рамках КПР. Текущая химиотерапия создает проблемы, такие, как плохая биодоступность, резистентность к многочисленным лекарствам и негативные побочны

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… They are also easy to modify by conjugation with drugs, fluorophores, quantum dots, reporters and linkers [ 136 ] with no significant effect on their binding affinity and activity. …

Prediction of cancer drugs by chemical-chemical interactions.

Cancer, which is a leading cause of death worldwide, places a big burden on health-care system. In this study, an order-prediction model was built to predict a series of cancer drug indications based on chemical-chemical interactions. According to the confidence scores of their interactions, the order from the most likely cancer to the least one was obtained for each query drug. The 1(st) order prediction accuracy of the training dataset was 55.93%, evaluated by Jackknife test, while it was 55.56% and 59.09% on a validation test dataset and an independent test dataset, respectively. The propos

Landscape of small nucleic acid therapeutics: moving from the bench to the clinic as next-generation medicines.

The ability of small nucleic acids to modulate gene expression via a range of processes has been widely explored. Compared with conventional treatments, small nucleic acid therapeutics have the potential to achieve long-lasting or even curative effects via gene editing. As a result of recent technological advances, efficient small nucleic acid delivery for therapeutic and biomedical applications has been achieved, accelerating their clinical translation. Here, we review the increasing number of small nucleic acid therapeutic classes and the most common chemical modifications and delivery platf

HIV-Associated Lymphomas: Updates from Pathogenesis to Treatment Strategies.

HIV-associated lymphoma (HAL) is an aggressive malignancy directly linked to HIV infection and accounts for more than 30% of cancer-related deaths in people living with HIV (PLWH). HAL subtypes, including diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), Burkitt lymphoma (BL), primary effusion lymphoma (PEL), and plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL), exhibit five to ten times higher incidence rates and distinct molecular profiles compared to HIV-negative lymphomas. Pathogenesis involves HIV-driven CD4+ T-cell depletion, chronic B-cell activation, and oncogenic viral coinfection. First-line therapy combines antir

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… The development of advanced antiviral materials includes heterocyclic compounds, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), metal oxides, and carbon quantum dots (CQDs). …