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Evaluation of resistance patterns and bioremoval efficiency of hydrocarbons and heavy metals by the mycobiome of petroleum refining wastewater in Jazan with assessment of molecular typing and cytotoxicity of Scedosporium apiospermum JAZ-20.

Jazan Industrial Economic City (JIEC) is located on the Red Sea coast in the province of Jazan, southwest of Saudi Arabia anchors diverse heavy and secondary industries in the energy, water desalination, petroleum, aluminum, copper, refineries, pharmaceuticals and food manufacturing fields. These various industries generate a large quantity of industrial wastewaters containing various toxicants. The present work represents ecologically beneficial alternatives for the advancement of environmental biotechnology, which could help mitigate the adverse impacts of environmental pollution resulting f

SARS-CoV-2 infection mediates differential expression of human endogenous retroviruses and long interspersed nuclear elements.

SARS-CoV-2 promotes an imbalanced host response that underlies the development and severity of COVID-19. Infections with viruses are known to modulate transposable elements (TEs), which can exert downstream effects by modulating host gene expression, innate immune sensing, or activities encoded by their protein products. We investigated the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on TE expression using RNA-Seq data from cell lines and from primary patient samples. Using a bioinformatics tool, Telescope, we showed that SARS-CoV-2 infection led to upregulation or downregulation of TE transcripts, a subse

m6A mRNA methylation initiated by METTL3 directly promotes YAP translation and increases YAP activity by regulating the MALAT1-miR-1914-3p-YAP axis to induce NSCLC drug resistance and metastasis.

BackgroundMETTL3 is an RNA methyltransferase that mediates m6A modification and is implicated in mRNA biogenesis, decay, and translation. However, the biomechanism through which METTL3 regulates MALAT1-miR-1914-3p-YAP axis activity to induce NSCLC drug resistance and metastasis is not very clear.MethodsThe expression of mRNA was analyzed by qPCR assays. Protein levels were analyzed by western blotting and immunofluorescent staining. Cellular proliferation was detected by CCK8 assays. Cell migration and invasion were analyzed by wound healing and transwell assays, respectively. Promoter activit

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… Furthermore, the cell viability of DDP-treated A549 cells was decreased compared with vehicle-treated A549 cells, but that this effect was reversed upon YAP overexpression in the DDP-treated A549 cells. … Additionally, the level of m 6 A modification of YAP Mut1-3 ( YAP M1-3 ) pre-mRNA was unchanged by the ectopic expression of METTL3 KD or METTL3 WT in A549 cells (Fig. 3 e). These similar results for YAP mRNA levels were obtained in A549 cells (Fig. 3 f). …

USP33 Promotes Lung Adenocarcinoma Brain Metastasis by Inhibiting the K48-Linked Ubiquitination and Degradation of S100A9 and Facilitating Vimentin Secretion.

Brain metastasis has a deterministic influence on the evolutionary trajectory of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Given the profound clinical importance of LUAD brain metastases and the formidable obstacles that hinder their precise prediction, novel therapeutic targets are urgently needed. Notably, a substantial fraction of lung carcinoma cells in brain metastatic foci demonstrates marked S100A9 overexpression. However, whether these cells represent the primary drivers of brain metastasis requires further elucidation. Coculture of S100A9-overexpressing LUAD cells with human brain microvascular end

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… Groups (A-Q): The following groups of cells were used in the experiments: Vector group A549 cells cocultured with HBMECs; S100A9-OE group A549 cells cocultured with HBMECs; S100A9-OE+si-NC group A549 cells cocultured with HBMECs; and S100A9-OE+si-Vimentin group A549 cells cocultured with HBMECs. … Groups (A-N): The following groups of cells were used in the experiments: Vector group A549 cells cocultured with HBMECs; S100A9-OE group A549 cells cocultured with HBMECs; S100A9-OE+si-NC group A549 cells cocultured with HBMECs; and S100A9-OE+si-Vimentin group A549 cells cocultured with HBMECs. …

Targeting HLA-E in Lung Cancer: The Therapeutic Potential of IRF5-Engineered M1-Macrophage-Derived Exosomes.

Immunotherapy is a pivotal approach in the treatment of lung cancer. Although HLA-E is a potential target for tumor immunotherapy, its role in lung cancer remains unclear. Previous studies have identified the transcription factor IRF5 as a characteristic gene of M1-like macrophages, highlighting its crucial role in promoting antitumor immune responses. In this study, we developed an engineered M1-like macrophage exosomes expressing IRF5 (IRF5 M1-exos) and demonstrated their ability to inhibit proliferation, migration, and invasion of lung cancer cells. Moreover, our experiments using a nude mo

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… (E) qRT‐PCR was performed to detect the mRNA levels of IRF5 and HLA‐E in OE‐IRF5‐transfected A549 cells. (F) Western blot was conducted to detect the protein levels of IRF5 and HLA‐E in OE‐IRF5‐transfected A549 cells. … (G) qRT‐PCR was performed to detect the mRNA levels of IRF5 and HLA‐E in OE‐HLA‐E‐transfected A549 cells. (H) Western blot was conducted to detect the protein levels of IRF5 and HLA‐E in OE‐ HLA‐E‐transfected A549 cells. …

IL-20RB mediates tumoral response to osteoclastic niches and promotes bone metastasis of lung cancer.

Bone is a common site of metastasis in lung cancer, but the regulatory mechanism remains incompletely understood. Osteoclasts are known to play crucial roles in osteolytic bone metastasis by digesting bone matrix and indirectly enhancing tumor colonization. In this study, we found that IL receptor 20 subunit β (IL-20RB) mediated a direct tumoral response to osteoclasts. Tumoral expression of IL-20RB was associated with bone metastasis of lung cancer, and functionally, IL-20RB promoted metastatic growth of lung cancer cells in bone. Mechanistically, tumor cells induced osteoclasts to secrete th

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… However, when A549 cells were treated with conditioned medium (CM) of osteoclasts, the proliferation of IL20RB -overexpressing tumor cells, as measured by EdU labeling, was markedly stimulated by the CM, while the control A549 cells demonstrated no response from osteoclastic CM ( Figure 3A ). … Incubating tumor cells in osteoclastic CM led to a noticeable rise of JAK1 and STAT3 phosphorylation in IL20RB -overexpressing A549 cells, but not in control A549 cells ( Figure 5A ). …

Panobinostat reduces hypoxia-induced cisplatin resistance of non-small cell lung carcinoma cells via HIF-1α destabilization.

BackgroundLung cancer is one of the most frequent cancer types and the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Cisplatin is a widely used chemotherapeutic for non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), however, its positive effects are diminished under hypoxia. We wanted to determine if co-treatment with cisplatin and histone deacetalyse (HDAC) inhibitor panobinostat can reduce hypoxia-induced cisplatin resistance in NSCLC cells, and to elucidate mechanism involved.MethodsExpression status of different HDACS was determined in two cell lines and in tumor tissue from 20 patients. Cells were treated

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… In A549 cells similar, although milder effects were observed. … (D) Immunoblotting for HIF in A549 cells. A549 cells treated with panobinostat (P, 16 nM), cisplatin (C, 16 μM) and combination of both (P + C), under normoxia (NOX) or hypoxia (HOX), were analyzed by immunoblotting. …

Image-based drug screen identifies HDAC inhibitors as novel Golgi disruptors synergizing with JQ1.

The Golgi apparatus is increasingly recognized as a major hub for cellular signaling and is involved in numerous pathologies, including neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. The study of Golgi stress-induced signaling pathways relies on the selectivity of the available tool compounds of which currently only a few are known. To discover novel Golgi-fragmenting agents, transcriptomic profiles of cells treated with brefeldin A, golgicide A, or monensin were generated and compared with a database of gene expression profiles from cells treated with other bioactive small molecules. In parallel, a p

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… To this end, A549 cells were incubated in the presence of each test compound for 72 h before fixation. … (A) Quantification of Golgi area of A549 cells treated with (+)-JQ1 alone or in combination with Panobinostat for 72 h. (B) Quantification of Golgi area of A549 cells treated with (+)-JQ1 alone or in combination with BFA for 72 h. …

Chimeric antigen receptor T cells targeting CD147 for non-small cell lung cancer therapy.

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a highly malignant tumor, with a significant mortality and morbidity. With the development of tumor immunotherapy, chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CART) gets increasingly attention and achieves prominent contributions in the treatment of hematologic malignancies. However, CART therapy for NSCLC proceeds slowly and further researches need to be investigated. In our study, we performed bioinformatics analysis to evaluate the significant role of CD147 in NSCLC. The expression level of CD147 was detected in human NSCLC cell lines and NSCLC tissues. Meanwhil

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… D -F Cytokine secretion of CD147-CART cells and PBMCs were detected using the co-culture supernatant; A549 cells at an E:T ratio of 8:1(D), H460 cells at an E:T ratio of 8:1(E), and H2170 cells at an E:T ratio of 20:1(F). … D -F Cytokine secretion of CD147-CART cells and PBMCs were detected using the co-culture supernatant; A549 cells at an E:T ratio of 8:1(D), H460 cells at an E:T ratio of 8:1(E), and H2170 cells at an E:T ratio of 20:1(F). …

The potential role of cannabidiol (CBD) in lung cancer therapy: a systematic review of preclinical and clinical evidence.

BackgroundLung cancer is one of the most prevalent and lethal cancers worldwide, with limited therapeutic options in advanced stages. Cannabinoids have recently attracted attention as potential anticancer agents; however, cannabidiol (CBD), a non-psychoactive compound derived from Cannabis sativa, has emerged as the most promising candidate. Unlike Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), CBD lacks psychoactive properties, is generally well tolerated, and demonstrates a favorable safety profile. Moreover, CBD influences multiple cancer-relevant pathways-including apoptosis, epithelial-to-mesenchymal tra

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… Both cannabinoids inhibited EMT induction in A549 cells and reversed EMT-related gene expression profiles. Combined THC + CBD was more effective in CAFs. … Both cannabinoids inhibited EMT induction in A549 cells and reversed EMT-related gene expression profiles. …

Natural anti-cancer products: insights from herbal medicine.

Herbal medicine exhibits a broad spectrum of potent anti-cancer properties, including the enhancement of tumor immune responses, reversal of multidrug resistance, regulation of autophagy and ferroptosis, as well as anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic, and anti-metastatic effects. This review systematically explores recent advances (primarily documented since 2019) in research on key anti-cancer compounds derived from herbal medicine, such as apigenin, artemisinin, berberine, curcumin, emodin, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), ginsenosides, icariin, resveratrol, silibinin, triptolide, and ursolic

Picropodophyllin inhibits the growth of pemetrexed-resistant malignant pleural mesothelioma via microtubule inhibition and IGF-1R-, caspase-independent pathways.

BackgroundAcquired pemetrexed resistance leads to treatment interruption in patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). Insulin-like growth factor-I receptor (IGF-1R) inhibitor is a candidate for treating pemetrexed-naïve MPM. However, the efficacy of cytotoxic and targeted drugs in acquired-pemetrexed resistant MPM is unclear. We explored anticancer drugs, including the IGF-1R inhibitor picropodophyllin, against acquired pemetrexed-resistant MPMs.MethodsAcquired pemetrexed-resistant human MPM cell lines, named as H2452/PEM and 211H/PEM after their parental lines H2452 and 211H, respec

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… (G) Levels of PARP and cPARP in A549 cells treated with 1 µM PPP for 72 h detected using immunoblot analysis. (H) MPM cells treated with 0.7 µM (H2452) or 0.6 µM (211H) PPP for 72 h (H2452) or 48 h (211H) were stained with annexin V/propidium iodide. … (I) Levels of Chk2 and phospho-Chk2 in MPM and A549 cells treated with 1 µM PPP for 72 h measured through immunoblot analysis. …

Food-derived compounds targeting ferroptosis for cancer therapy: from effects to mechanisms.

Ferroptosis is distinctive type programmed cell death. Tumor cells, with their higher iron levels, render them more susceptible to ferroptosis Inducing ferroptosis can activate immune cells, regulate immune evasion, and inhibit the biology activity of cancer cells. Therefore, ferroptosis-induced cancer cell death could become a promising approach for cancer treatment. Dietary compounds are an important source for drug discovery, and there has been an increasing amount of literature on food-derived ferroptosis inducers and their applications in cancer treatment. This review provides an overview

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… In addition, API-Fe2O3/Fe3O4@mSiO2-HA obviously increased the levels of ROS and cellular lipid peroxidation in A549 cells. … Both in vitro and in vivo studies show that FP@SFN effectively eliminates A549 cells and inhibits subcutaneous lung cancer tumors. …

Exploring the mechanism of rosmarinic acid in the treatment of lung adenocarcinoma based on bioinformatics methods and experimental validation.

ObjectiveRosmarinic acid (RosA) is a natural polyphenol compound that has been shown to be effective in the treatment of inflammatory disease and a variety of malignant tumors. However, its specific mechanism for the treatment of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) has not been fully elucidated. Therefore, this study aims to clarify the mechanism of RosA in the treatment of LUAD by integrating bioinformatics, network pharmacology and in vivo experiments, and to explore the potential of the active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine in treating LUAD.MethodsFirstly, the network pharmacology was u

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… After adaptative feeding for 3d, each mouse was injected with 5 × 10 5 A549 cells in the right axilla to establish a subcutaneous tumor model in nude mice. … Another study also showed that CLA was able to inhibit the proliferation of A549 cells by enhancing the expression of PPARG, enhance the expression level of apoptotic genes, and induce apoptosis [ 83 ]. …

Proteasome inhibition paradoxically degrades gain-of-function mutant p53 R273H in NSCLC and could have therapeutic implications.

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality. Despite therapeutic advances in recent years, new treatment strategies are needed to improve outcomes of lung cancer patients. Mutant p53 is prevalent in lung cancers and drives several hallmarks of cancer through a gain-of-function oncogenic program, and often predicts a poorer prognosis. The oncogenicity of mutant p53 is related to its stability and accumulation in cells by evading degradation by the proteasome. Therefore, destabilization of mutant p53 has been sought as a therapeutic strategy, but so far without clinical success. In this

Pectin: A Bioactive Food Polysaccharide with Cancer Preventive Potential.

Pectin is an acidic heteropolysaccharide found in the cell walls and the primary and middle lamella of land plants. To be authorized as a food additive, industrial pectins must meet strict guidelines set forth by the Food and Agricultural Organization and must contain at least 65% polygalacturonic acid to achieve the E440 level. Fruit pectin derived from oranges or apples is commonly used in the food industry to gel or thicken foods and to stabilize acid-based milk beverages. It is a naturally occurring component and can be ingested by dietary consumption of fruit and vegetables. Preventing lo

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… The IC 50 values of Pec-gg-ZnO showed that it was bioactive in the A549 cell line. Incubation with Pec and gg biopolymers and Pec-gg-ZnO enhanced apoptosis in A549 lung cells at the Sub-G1 phase. … Moreover, normal DNA fragmentation was observed in A549 cells treated with Pec-gg-ZnO but not Pec and gg after 24 h [ 71 ]. …

Sufficiently activated mature natural killer cells derived from peripheral blood mononuclear cells substantially enhance antitumor activity.

BACKGROUND: Peripheral blood-derived natural killer (NK) cells spontaneously lyse tumor cells without prior sensitization. However, NK cells in peripheral blood (PBNK cells) are in a resting state and exhibit inhibitory phenotypes and impaired cytotoxicity. Thus, strengthening the cytotoxic effector function of PBNK cells and improving NK cell expansion in vitro for a convenient allogeneic therapy are essential. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Pure cytokine activation and expansion of NK cells (super NK [SNK]) from peripheral blood mononuclear cells were studied. Markers of activated and inhibited NK

FK506-Binding Protein 11 Is a Novel Plasma Cell-Specific Antibody Folding Catalyst with Increased Expression in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis.

Antibodies are central effectors of the adaptive immune response, widespread used therapeutics, but also potentially disease-causing biomolecules. Antibody folding catalysts in the plasma cell are incompletely defined. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal chronic lung disease with increasingly recognized autoimmune features. We found elevated expression of FK506-binding protein 11 (FKBP11) in IPF lungs where FKBP11 specifically localized to antibody-producing plasma cells. Suggesting a general role in plasma cells, plasma cell-specific FKBP11 expression was equally observed in lympha

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… Indeed, siRNA-mediated knockdown of XBP1 in A549 cells after induction of ER stress by tunicamycin treatment, resulted in significant downregulation of FKBP11 expression on transcript and protein level ( Figure 4 C,D). … While FKBP11 knockdown resulted in higher susceptibility to ER stress-induced cell death in A549 cells, viability and antibody yield of a hybridoma cell line was not affected relative to control siRNA. …

Circulating Tumour Cells (CTCs) in NSCLC: From Prognosis to Therapy Design.

Designing optimal (neo)adjuvant therapy is a crucial aspect of the treatment of non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). Standard methods of chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy represent effective strategies for treatment. However, in some cases with high metastatic activity and high levels of circulating tumour cells (CTCs), the efficacy of standard treatment methods is insufficient and results in treatment failure and reduced patient survival. CTCs are seen not only as an isolated phenomenon but also a key inherent part of the formation of metastasis and a key factor in cancer death.

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… Lee et al. reported that interferon alpha (IFN-α)-induced activation of NF-κB and COX-2 was inhibited by curcumin in A549 cells [ 299 ]. … For example, Li et al. reported that curcumin significantly decreased the expression of HIF-1α and VEGF in a mouse model of lung cancer (A549 cells) [ 301 ]. …

A Comprehensive Analysis Revealing BUB1B as a Potential Prognostic and Immunological Biomarker in Lung Adenocarcinoma.

BUB1B, a member of the spindle assembly checkpoint family known as BUB1 mitotic checkpoint serine/threonine kinase B, has been associated with the promotion of tumor progression. Nevertheless, its specific contributions to tumorigenesis remain largely unexplored. This study seeks to offer a systematic and comprehensive analysis of the role of BUB1B in the progression of various cancers, with a particular focus on lung adenocarcinoma, utilizing a range of databases. We investigated BUB1B's role in pan-cancer using TCGA data, analyzing it with platforms like HPA, TIMER, TISIDB, GEPIA, cBioPortal

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… Figure 7 Cellular functions of BUB1B. ( A , B ) Western blot and RT-qPCR detection after siRNA-mediated knockdown of BUB1B in A549 cells. ( C ) CCK-8 assay results showing the decrease in the viability of A549 cells upon the knockdown of BUB1B. ( D , E ) Wound healing test. ( F , G ) Transwell assay … results showing the decrease in the migration in A549 cells upon the knockdown of BUB1B. ( H , I ) Western blot results showing the decrease in the EMT progression in A549 cells upon the knockdown of BUB1B. …