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Микробиота человека в области здравоохранения и отдельные раковые заболевания.

Большинство эпителиальных поверхностей нашего тела, пищеварительный тракт, дыхательные и врожденные системы, колонизируются большим количеством бактерий, археи, грибов, протозоанов и вирусов. Эти микробиота, особенно кишки, играют важную и полезную роль в пищеварении, метаболизме и синтезе витаминов. Их метаболиты стимулируют производство цитокина человеком, которое используется против потенциальных патогенов. На состав микробиоты влияет ряд внутренних и внешних факторов, включая питание, возраст, болезни и образ жизни. Такие изменения, называемые дисбиозом, могут быть связаны с развитием разл

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
The majority of the epithelial surfaces of our body, and the digestive tract, respiratory and urogenital systems, are colonized by a vast number of bacteria, archaea, fungi, protozoans, and viruses. These microbiota, particularly those of the intestines, play an important, beneficial role in digestion, metabolism, and the synthesis of vitamins. Their metabol…

Thioaldehydes from Aldehyde-Hydrogen Sulfide Interaction Under Organocatalysis.

Thioaldehydes are an important class of sulfur compounds involved in atmospheric, synthetic organic, and biological chemistry. Traditionally … ialdehyde→aspartate semithioaldehyde conversion, which is a key biosynthetic reaction in methanogen archaea. The unique ability of the active site aspartate or glutamate residue to catalyze hydrosulfidation of semialdehyde may explain catalysis inside these enzymes.

Microarray analysis of the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus exposed to gamma irradiation.

The remarkable survival of the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus to ionizing radiation was previously demonstrated. Using a time course study and whole-genome microarray analyses of mRNA transcript levels, the genes and regulatory pathways involved in the repair of lesions produced by ionizing irradiation (oxidative damage and DNA strand breaks) in P. furiosus were investigated. Data analyses showed that radA, encoding the archaeal homolog of the RecA/Rad51 recombinase, was moderately up regulated by irradiation and that a putative DNA-repair gene cluster was specifically induced …

Wastewater-impacted Skagerrak Sea microbiomes anaerobically demethylate micropollutants.

Methylated micropollutants such as naproxen and caffeine persist in wastewater effluents and accumulate in coastal sediments, including Hake … ³CH₄ production. These results show that methylated micropollutants can activate both bacterial and archaeal demethylation pathways in coastal sediment microbiomes.

Diversity and functional traits of indigenous microbiome in Hilla agricultural soils: implications for biocontrol and bioremediation.

Indigenous bacterial and archaeal communities in agricultural soils were analyzed to provide a basis for biocontrol and bioremediation solutions to be reintroduced in affected areas. Samples from five agricultural soils in Hilla province, Iraq, were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for total and bioavailable metals. Bacterial community was identified using 16S rRNA metabarcoding and a cultivable approach. Plant growth-promoting, metal tolerance, and antifungal activities were evaluated on the established culture collection. Chemical analysis revealed elevated levels of …

Archaeal and Bacterial Communities Within the Wetland Alkaline Har Lake of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau.

Har Lake (HL) is in the northeastern basin of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau (QTP), sits at an altitude of 4379 m, and is classified as a soda lake within a wetland ecosystem. Evaluating the archaeal and bacterial communities in HL could offer valuable insights into the biogeochemical cycling within plateau wetland lakes. Consequently, high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA genes was conducted in this study to assess the composition of HL microbial communities and their association with environmental factors. The HL archaeal communities comprised 5 phyla, 5 classes, and 30 genera, while the bacter…

Nitrogen Redox Controls on Greenhouse Gas Production in Yedoma Taliks.

Large carbon and nitrogen pools are disproportionately concentrated in the icy, Pleistocene-aged silt deposits of Arctic Yedoma permafrost. … urface reduced CH4 emissions. Nitrate/nitrite-mediated anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) by both archaea (ANME-2d clade) and bacteria (NC10 phylum) occurred at and above the anoxic methanogenic zone, further offsetting CH4 production. In contrast to CH4 production potentials, which were higher in surface soils in winter compared to summer, we observed …

Isolation of a methyl-reducing methanogen outside the Euryarchaeota.

Methanogenic archaea are main contributors to methane emissions, and have a crucial role in carbon cycling and global warming. Until recently, methanogens were confined to Euryarchaeota, but metagenomic studies revealed the presence of genes encoding the methyl coenzyme M reductase complex in other archaeal clades1-4, thereby opening up the premise that methanogenesis is taxonomically more widespread. Nevertheless, laboratory cultivation of these non-euryarchaeal methanogens was lacking to corroborate their potential methanogenic ability and physiology. Here we report the isolation of a thermo…

[Functional Exams in the gastroenterology - new developments and tips for the common practice].

The functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) have a high prevalence and are associated with high healthcare costs. The diagnosis of these diseases could be difficult and require func-tional tests such as high-resolution manometry (HRM) of the esophagus, anorectal manometry and H2-Breathtests. Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic and the fear of infections there was a marked reduction in the number of performed exams in the last months - nevertheless some exams are necessary, in order to exclude or to diagnose important and dangerous diseases like Achalasia. Goal of this article is to present some

Design features of offshore oil production platforms influence their susceptibility to biocorrosion.

Offshore oil-producing platforms are designed for efficient and cost-effective separation of oil from water. However, design features and op … MIC). Microbial diversity was evaluated by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and numbers of total bacteria, archaea, and sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) were estimated by qPCR. The rates of 35S sulfate reduction assay (SRA) were measured as a proxy for metal biocorrosion potential. A variety of microorganisms common to oil production facilities were found, but di …

Effects of the application of digestates from wet and dry anaerobic fermentation to Japanese paddy and upland soils on short-term nitrification.

Wet and dry anaerobic fermentation processes are operated for biogas production from organic matter, resulting in wet and dry digestates as … ns led to rapid increases in NO3 -N contents in both soils, and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria, but not archaea may play a critical role in net nitrification in the amended soils. The net nitrification rates for both soils were the highest after the application of dry digestates, followed by wet digestates and then the chemical fertilizer in order of decreasi …

Microbial ecosystem and fermentation traits in the caecum of growing rabbits given diets varying in neutral detergent soluble and insoluble fibre levels.

The effect of the level of neutral detergent fibre (NDF: 0.35, LI and 0.42, HI) and neutral detergent soluble fibre (NDSF: 0.14, LS and 0.17 … .70), nor biodiversity was affected (average Shannon and richness indexes 3.50 and 33.1; P > 0.10). Archaeal population revealed changes in the amount and composition that were particularly evident in HS diets, decreasing in concentration (from 4.37 to 4.12 log10 gene copy number/g) and biodiversity (Shannon index from 3.14 to 2.52 and richness index from …

Structural and functional analysis of peptidyl-tRNA hydrolase 2 from Candidatus Lokiarchaeum sp. GC14_75.

Peptidyl-tRNA hydrolase (Pth2) hydrolyzes peptidyl-tRNA, an immature product of aborted translation, into peptide and tRNA, thereby maintaining cellular protein synthesis through peptide release and tRNA recycling. Here, we present the crystal structure of Pth2 from Candidatus Lokiarchaeum sp. GC14_75 (LokiPth2) at 2.12 Å resolution. This is the first structure of Pth2 from a lineage within Promethearchaeati, a kingdom of archaea closely related to eukaryotes. The structure reveals that LokiPth2 forms a homodimer and closely resembles Pth2 structures from other species. However, LokiPth2 exhib…

Study on the treatment of corn alcohol wastewater by the internal circulation anaerobic reactor.

To comprehensively assess the efficacy of employing the internal circulation (IC) anaerobic reactor for corn alcohol wastewater treatment an … bsequent analysis revealed a high diversity of prokaryotes in granular sludge, with the predominant archaea primarily involved in methane production through the acetic acid pathway. The IC anaerobic reactor shows exceptional performance in treating corn alcohol wastewater by optimizing its operating conditions. Energy balance analysis confirmed the feasib …

Endogenous chemicals guard health through inhibiting ferroptotic cell death.

Ferroptosis is a new form of regulated cell death caused by iron-dependent accumulation of lethal polyunsaturated phospholipids peroxidation. It has received considerable attention owing to its putative involvement in a wide range of pathophysiological processes such as organ injury, cardiac ischemia/reperfusion, degenerative disease and its prevalence in plants, invertebrates, yeasts, bacteria, and archaea. To counter ferroptosis, living organisms have evolved a myriad of intrinsic efficient defense systems, such as cyst(e)ine-glutathione-glutathione peroxidase 4 system (cyst(e)ine-GPX4 syste…

Cyclic di-AMP traps proton-coupled K+ transporters of the KUP family in an inward-occluded conformation.

Cyclic di-AMP is the only known essential second messenger in bacteria and archaea, regulating different proteins indispensable for numerous physiological processes. In particular, it controls various potassium and osmolyte transporters involved in osmoregulation. In Bacillus subtilis, the K+/H+ symporter KimA of the KUP family is inactivated by c-di-AMP. KimA sustains survival at potassium limitation at low external pH by mediating potassium ion uptake. However, at elevated intracellular K+ concentrations, further K+ accumulation would be toxic. In this study, we reveal the molecular basis of…

CRISPR-Cas9 Gene Therapy for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy.

Discovery of the CRISPR-Cas (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat, CRISPR-associated) system a decade ago has opened new possibilities in the field of precision medicine. CRISPR-Cas was initially identified in bacteria and archaea to play a protective role against foreign genetic elements during viral infections. The application of this technique for the correction of different mutations found in the Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) gene led to the development of several potential therapeutic approaches for DMD patients. The mutations responsible for Duchenne muscular dyst…

Utilization of Sugarcane Bagasse by Halogeometricum borinquense Strain E3 for Biosynthesis of Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate).

Sugarcane bagasse (SCB), one of the major lignocellulosic agro-industrial waste products, was used as a substrate for biosynthesis of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) by halophilic archaea. Among the various wild-type halophilic archaeal strains screened, Halogeometricum borinquense strain E3 showed better growth and PHA accumulation as compared to Haloferaxvolcanii strain BBK2, Haloarcula japonica strain BS2, and Halococcus salifodinae strain BK6. Growth kinetics and bioprocess parameters revealed the maximum PHA accumulated by strain E3 to be 50.4 ± 0.1 and 45.7 ± 0.19 (%) with specific productiv…

Computational prediction shines light on type III secretion origins.

Type III secretion system is a key bacterial symbiosis and pathogenicity mechanism responsible for a variety of infectious diseases, ranging … fied previously unknown effectors, suggesting that type III secretion may have evolved prior to the archaea/bacteria split. Crucially, our method performs well for short sequence fragments, facilitating evaluation of microbial communities and rapid identification of bacterial pathogenicity - no genome assembly required. pEffect and its data sets are avail …