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Cellular immune responses against hepatitis C virus.

Cellular immune responses are typically important in recovery from acute infections, and studies of acute hepatitis C confirm that broadly directed CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses are associated with spontaneous clearance of infection. However, a major unanswered question is what role the cellular immune response plays in progression of liver disease during chronic infection. Classic models of hepatitis C suggest that cellular immune responses promote liver injury, either by causing direct cytolysis of infected cells or by promoting inflammation. However, clinical evidence suggests that persons…

Extrahepatic manifestations in hepatitis C virus infection.

The authors present a revision of the literature and also their own experience concerning extrahepatic manifestations in hepatitis C virus infection. A special attention receives the lymphotropism of HCV with mixed cryoglobulinemia and leukocytoclastic vasculitis, lichen planus and porphyria cutanea tarda.

Биопсия печени вирусного гепатита С.

По оценкам Всемирной организации здравоохранения, распространенность вирусного гепатита С в мире составляет 3%. Наступление терапевтического режима для вирусного гепатита сделало биопсию печени обычным образцом в хирургической патологической лаборатории. Клинику нужно знать степень и тип некроинфламационной активности, а также наличие и уровень фиброза, прежде чем принимать решение о начале терапии. Биопсия необходима для определения характера и масштабов печени, степени воспаления, типа подстрекательской реакции, распределения фиброза и наличия других данных, влияющих на прогноз пациента. Для

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
The World Health Organization estimates the world prevalence of viral hepatitis C at 3%. The advent of therapeutic regimens for viral hepatitis has made the liver biopsy a routine specimen in the surgical pathology laboratory. The clinician will need to know the degree and type of necroinflammatory activity and the presence and level of fibrosis, before maki…

Transverse myelitis associated with chronic hepatitis C.

An infectious etiology is one of the postulated mechanisms for autoimmune diseases. An emergence of autoimmune phenomena associated with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has been reported. Transverse myelitis is an inflammatory disease of the spinal vasculature attributed to viral infections and to autoimmune diseases including systemic lupus erythematosus and the antiphospholipid syndrome. A 34-year-old male was admitted for the rapid onset of numbness of the lower extremities and urinary retention. His past history included hepatitis C infection. The neurological examination and MRI of the …

[Risk factors for hepatitis C virus infection].

INTRODUCTION: Hepatitis C viral infection represents a major health problem in the world. The estimated global incidence is about 3%, whereas the number of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) carriers worldwide is estimated to be between 150-300 million people. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This retrospective analysis included 82 patients whose diagnosis of viral hepatitis C infection was based upon the following criteria: case history, physical examination, laboratory and abdominal ultrasound examination, histological examination of the liver, radiological examination, serological analysis and viral ana…

[Hepatitis C infection among patients receiving hemodialysis].

In France, the prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in chronic hemodialysis patients is high, about 15 to 42%. Although the incidence and the prevalence of HCV infection decreased during the last decade, de novo cases of HCV infection still occur in hemodialysis units. To date the nosocomial transmission is the principal cause of contamination. The strict application of universal precautions and the separation of chronic hemodialysis patients according to their virological status may decrease the incidence of HCV infection in hemodialysis units. The transaminase level and HCV viremi…

Treatment of chronic hepatitis C in Europe.

The lifetime cumulative risk of developing cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma is the rationale for treating patients with chronic hepatitis C with antivirals. The standard treatment is combination therapy with interferon-alfa and ribavirin. In patients with high transaminases and histologic signs of chronic hepatitis, 6- to 12-month therapy with 3 mega units (MU) interferon-alfa thrice weekly, combined with ribavirin, yielded up to 30% sustained responders, and this was increased to 50% with pegylated interferon combined with ribavirin. Favorable predictors of response to the former treatm…

Hepatitis C virus infection and kidney transplantation.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is an important problem in the patient with end-stage renal disease. After transplantation, liver disease is more frequent in HCV-positive patients than in HCV-negative patients. In the long run, this leads to important liver complications. The patients have a higher risk for developing proteinuria and infections. Long-term patient and graft survival rates are lower in HCV-positive patients than in HCV-negative graft recipients. Mortality is higher, mainly as a result of liver disease and infections. Despite this, transplantation is the best option for the HCV…

Hepatitis C-positive donors in heart transplantation.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) can be transmitted to heart transplant recipients by donor organs. Mid-term results were reported using HCV-positive donors in patients at risk of imminent death (group I, n = 10), or in patients who otherwise would not have been offered heart transplantation (group II, n = 10) because of age (9/10) or associated medical risk (1/10). Medical records pertaining to patients receiving HCV-positive allografts between July 1994 and December 1999 were reviewed. The recipients consisted of 19 males and one female, with a median age of 54 years for group I and 66 for group II. …

Update on chronic hepatitis C in hemophiliacs.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in patients affected by hereditary bleeding disorders and treated with non-virus inactivated clotting factor concentrates during the 1970s. INFORMATION SOURCES: In this review, we briefly report the present knowledge about HCV infection in hemophilic patients. The natural course of hepatitis C virus infection in hemophiliacs is described, by analyzing the prevalence of HCV infection, the genotype distribution and the risk factors involved in the progression of chronic hepatitis into s…

Ocular manifestations of hepatitis C virus infection.

Approximately 3.6 million persons in the United States are infected with the hepatitis C virus (HCV), a condition with both hepatic and extrahepatic sequelae. Although no pathognomonic manifestation of HCV infection in the eye has been demonstrated, associations between HCV infection and various ocular syndromes have been reported in small case series and individual patients. At this time, the ocular manifestations of HCV infections best supported by the literature include a dry eye syndrome similar to Sjögren syndrome, and ischemic retinopathy caused by either an HCV-induced vasculitis or tre…

mIL-2R, T cell subsets & hepatitis C.

AIM: To study the levels of membrane interleukin-2 receptor (mIL-2R) and T cell subsets in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from patients with hepatitis C and their role in the pathogenesis of hepatitis C. METHODS: The levels of mIL-2R and T cells subsets in PBMC were detected by biotin- streptatividin (BSA) technique before and after stimulation with PHA in 203 patients with hepatitis C with HCV-RNA(+), anti-HCV(+), anti-HCV(-). RESULTS: The total expressive levels of mIL-2R before and after stimulation with PHA(0.03+/-0.01, 0.03+/-0.02, 0.04+/-0.02, 0.36+/-0.03), and T cell subset…

[Nosocomial infection with hepatitis C virus(HCV)].

Nosocomial infection with HCV occurs in three ways. 1) Infection from medical personnel to patients is extremely rare, and only one report e … be around 1%, and there are no methods of prevention. Interferon therapy is administered when acute hepatitis C infection develops. 3) Patient to patient infection is thought to have occurred frequently in the past as a result of re-use of syringes for intravenous injections. The most important measure against this occurrence is the strict disposal of disposa …

Erythrocyte protoporphyrins in hepatitis C viral infection.

OBJECTIVES: Protoporphyrin is the immediate precursor of the heme molecule. Due to a spillover from hemaotopoietic tissue it is regularly fo … cyte protoporphyrin and zinc protoporphyrin concentrations were studied in 50 patients with chronic hepatitis C infection and various degrees of liver damage. High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis with fluorescence detection was used. RESULTS: Erythrocyte protoporphyrin was increased in 32% of the patients studied; in 12 patients up to two-fold hi …

[Skin diseases and hepatitis virus C infection].

INTRODUCTION: Using a creative molecularbiologic technique in 1989 Choo and co-workers isolated a new virus of hepatitis C, an agent responsible for numerous cases of parenterally transmissible viral hepatitis. Hepatitis C virus is a RNA virus with unique genomic organisation. Six genotypes of hepatitis C virus have been identified, which differ in geographical distribution, tendency towards chronicity and sensitivity to antiviral therapy. Transmission occurs due to apparent and inapparent parenteral procedures (after transfusion, transplantation, transplacentally, during lactation, sexually o…