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Микроглию и миэлопероксидазу в нейронных и нейродегенеративных болезнях.

Догма непроницаемого кровеносного барьера (ББД) уступила место мнению о том, что постоянные иммунные клетки в центральной нервной системе реагируют на различные растворимые в крови факторы, особенно цитокины, и играют важную функциональную роль. В частности, микроглиатические клетки способствуют регулированию нейроинфламмации, выполняя как защитные, так и патологические функции. Специфическая микроглиа активация может оказывать влияние на прогресс нервно-воспалительных и нейродегенеративных заболеваний, включая болезнь Альцгеймера, болезнь Паркинсона, множественный склероз и амиотропический бо

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
The dogma of an impenetrable blood-brain barrier (BBB) has given way to the view that resident immune cells within the central nervous syste … the BBB. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) catalyzes the conversion of hydrogen peroxide and chloride ions into hypochlorous acid, a potent oxidant implicated in oxidative tissue damage and modulation of inflammatory signaling. Elevated MPO levels in the central nervous system have been correlated with human disease and the dysregulation of MPO activity in microglia is particu …

Dual action electrochemical bandage operated by a programmable multimodal wearable potentiostat.

We have developed electrochemical bandage (e-bandage) prototypes that generate the reactive oxygen species hypochlorous acid (HOCl) or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) for potential use to treat biofilm-infected wounds in humans. We have shown that both e-bandage-generated HOCl and H2O2 kill biofilms in vitro and in infected wounds on mice, with the former being more active in vitro. The H2O2-generating e-bandage, more so than the HOCl-generating e-bandage, was associated with improved healing of infected wounds. Here, a strategy in which H2O2 and HOCl are alternately generated-for dual action-was exp…

In vitro evaluation of multiple antibacterial agents for the treatment of chronic staphylococcal anterior blepharitis.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the bactericidal efficacy of several compounds used in the treatment of chronic staphylococcal anterior blepharitis through an in vitro study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Standard commercial strains of Staphylococcus aureus (SAu) (ATCC 25923 Culti-Loops) and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CoNS) (ATCC 12228 Culti-Loops) were cultured. Susceptibility tests were performed to vancomycin 30 μg, netilmicin 30 μg, hypochlorous acid (HOCl) 0.01% (Ocudox™, Brill®), Melaleuca alternifolia leaf oil (MeAl) (Navyblef® Daily Care, NOVAX®) and 1% chlorhexidine digluconate (DGCH) (Crist…

Dehalococcoides mccartyi NIT01, a novel isolate, dechlorinates high concentrations of chloroethenes by expressing at least six different reductive dehalogenases.

This study presents the isolation of a novel strain of Dehalococcoides mccartyi, NIT01, which can completely dechlorinate up to 4.0 mM of trichloroethene to ethene via 1,2-cis-dichroroethene and vinyl chloride within 25 days. Strain NIT01 dechlorinated chloroethenes (CEs) at a temperature range of 25-32 °C and pH range of 6.5-7.8. The activity of the strain was inhibited by salt at more than 1.3% and inactivated by 1 h exposure to 2.0% air or 0.5 ppm hypochlorous acid. The genome of NIT01 was highly similar to that of the Dehalococcoides strains DCMB5, GT, 11a5, CBDB1, and CG5, and all include…

Decontamination of aerosolised bacteria from a pig farm environment using a pH neutral electrochemically activated solution (Ecas4 anolyte).

An electrochemically activated solution (ECAS), generated by electrolysis of a dilute sodium chloride solution in a four-chamber electrolytic cell (Ecas4), was tested as a sanitising aerosol in eliminating bacteria from the environment of a weaning room vacated 24-48h earlier, at a continuous flow pig farm. An ultrasonic humidifier was used to fill the environment with a fog (droplets with diameters of 1-5 μm) containing 0.25 ppm of hypochlorous acid. The weaning room was fogged for 3 min at 30 min intervals during five hours of aerosol disinfection. An innovative sample treatment with propidi…

Antioxidant capacities of flavones and benefits in oxidative-stress related diseases.

Flavonoids, a group of secondary metabolites widely distributed in the plant kingdom, have been acknowledged for their interesting medicinal … superoxide and nitric oxide) and/or of reactive species (e.g. hydrogen peroxide, peroxynitrite and hypochlorous acid) thus preventing their amplification and the consequent damage of other biomolecules such as lipids, proteins and DNA. Flavones can also hinder the activity of central free radical-producing enzymes, such as xanthine oxidase and nicotinamide adenine …

The role of myeloperoxidase in the pathogenesis of systemic vasculitis.

Wegener's granulomatosis, microscopic polyangiitis, Churg-Strauss syndrome and idiopathic pauci-immune necrotizing crescentic glomerulonephr … in increased myeloperoxidase activity. Myeloperoxidase produces not only the strong oxidant bleach (hypochlorous acid) out of hydrogen peroxide and chloride ions but also oxidizes LDL into a macrophage high-uptake form, inactivates protease inhibitors, and consumes nitric oxide. These may contribute to endothelial dysfunction and add to the chronic renal lesions ob …

Melatonin and its relation to the immune system and inflammation.

Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) was initially thought to be produced exclusively in the pineal gland. Subsequently its synthesis wa … nged by melatonin include the highly toxic hydroxyl radical (.OH), peroxynitrite anion (ONOO-), and hypochlorous acid (HOCl), among others. These agents all contribute to the inflammatory response and associated tissue destruction. Additionally, melatonin has other means to lower the damage resulting from inflammation. Thus, it prevents the translocation of nuclear …

Comparative Evaluation of Efficacy of Three Disinfectants on Polyvinyl Siloxane Impression Material: An In Vitro Study.

Background Dental impressions represent a potential source of cross-contamination between clinical and laboratory settings. While disinfection protocols are essential for infection control, selecting an agent with reliable antimicrobial efficacy remains a key clinical consideration. This study aimed to compare the antimicrobial efficacy of three disinfection methods: 2% glutaraldehyde, Sterilox (hypochlorous acid-based), and gaseous ozone on polyvinyl siloxane (PVS) impression material. Aim The study aimed to determine and compare the antimicrobial efficacy of three disinfectants against Strep…

Paradigm shift in hydrogen medicine: Target molecules and catalytic mechanisms elucidated at the atomic level.

Molecular hydrogen (H2) has been shown to exert antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects across a broad spectrum of disease models and clin … ) = O·P•+] of myeloperoxidase during neutrophil extracellular trap formation, selectively arresting hypochlorous acid production and immunothrombosis without compromising normal bactericidal function. Third, we discuss how the identical concept of "high-valent iron overheat protection" applies to mitochondrial Complex IV, potentially explaining the maintenance of a …

Unraveling the Mechanisms of Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation and the Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in Myocardial Bridging.

Myocardial bridging (MB) is a congenital coronary anomaly in which a segment of a coronary artery courses through the myocardium, resulting … endothelial dysfunction by reducing NO bioavailability, generating highly reactive oxidants such as hypochlorous acid, and promoting oxidative endothelial injury. Hemodynamic alterations characteristic of MB may promote MPO activation and the MPO-H2O2 pathway, thereby facilitating mechanisms involved in neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation and contributing …

Pantoea agglomerans in Equine Ulcerative Keratitis: Prevalence and Comparative Efficacy of Four Topical Antiseptics.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) and effective contact time of four topical antiseptics-polyhexanide, povidone-iodine (PVP-I), hypochlorous acid (HOCl), and N-acetylcysteine (NAC)-against Pantoea agglomerans, a pathogen frequently isolated in equine ulcerative keratitis. ANIMALS STUDIED: Over a 17-month sampling period, clinical isolates were collected from horses with ulcerative keratitis. The most frequently isolated strain (Pantoea agglomerans, n = 14) was selected for in vitro analysis. PROCEDURE(S): All isolates were used to determine the MBCs of the …

Oxidative damage to urinary proteins from the GRMD dog and mdx mouse as biomarkers of dystropathology in Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a lethal, X-chromosome linked muscle-wasting disease affecting about 1 in 3500-6000 boys worldwide. Myofibre necrosis and subsequent loss of muscle mass are due to several molecular sequelae, such as inflammation and oxidative stress. We have recently shown increased neutrophils, highly reactive oxidant hypochlorous acid (HOCl) generation by myeloperoxidase (MPO), and associated oxidative stress in muscle from the GRMD dog and mdx mouse models for DMD. These findings have led us to hypothesise that generation of HOCl by myeloperoxidase released from neutrop…

Thiol oxidation of hemolymph proteins in oysters Crassostrea brasiliana as markers of oxidative damage induced by urban sewage exposure.

Urban sewage is a concerning issue worldwide, threatening both wildlife and human health. The present study investigated protein oxidation i … oxidation. Dominin susceptibility to oxidation was confirmed in vitro by exposure to peroxides and hypochlorous acid, and 2 cysteine residues were identified as potential sites of oxidation. Overall, these data indicate that urban sewage contamination in local waters has a toxic potential and that protein thiol oxidation in hemolymph could be a useful biomarker of …

Proteomic analysis of human macrophages exposed to hypochlorite-oxidized low-density lipoprotein.

The invasion of monocytes through the endothelial wall of arteries and their transformation from macrophage into form cells has been implica … roteomic analysis of THP-1 macrophages exposed to oxLDL generated by treatment with native LDL with hypochlorous acid/hypochlorite (HOCl/OCl(-)). We detected more than a thousand proteins, of which 104 differentially expressed proteins were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF) and the NCBI database. …

In vitro study of the antioxidant properties of non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs by chemiluminescence and electron spin resonance (ESR).

OBJECTIVES: To determine the antioxidant activities of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS), we examined by chemiluminescence (CL) and electron spin resonance (ESR) their scavenging properties towards lipid peroxides, hypochlorous acid and peroxynitrite. METHODS: The antioxidant properties of nimesulide (NIM), 4-hydroxynimesulide (4-HONIM), aceclofenac (ACLO), 4-hydroxyaceclofenac (4-HOA-CLO), diclofenac (DICLO) and indomethacin (INDO) were tested on four different reactive oxygen species (ROS) generating systems: (I) phorbol-myristate acetate (PMA)-activated neutrophils, (II) Fe2+/a…

A dual-responsive phenothiazine-based fluorescent probe for differential visual imaging of HClO and N2H4 in food, plant, soil, and biological samples.

Hypochlorous acid (HClO) and hydrazine (N2H4) are both toxic to the soil and water environments. Developing a probe that can accurately and sensitively detect HClO and N2H4 in biological and environmental systems is of great significance for revealing detection methods of various pollutants and their related physiological and pathological functions. In this study, a long-wavelength fluorescence probe (PT-A) for visual colorimetric detection of HClO and N2H4 was successfully developed and designed, which was composed of a phenothiazine-coupled coumarin moiety and an enol-β-diketone part. Probe …

Illustration on phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of typical multi-antibiotic resistant bacteria in aquatic environments through complete genomes and comparative genomics.

Antibiotic-resistant bacteria, especially multi-antibiotic-resistant bacteria (MARBs), greatly threaten environmental safety and human healt … t UV is ineffective at low intensity, and it is easy to be revived by light. A low concentration of hypochlorous acid is effective for sterilization, but it can cause the release of DNA, becoming a potential source of ARGs discharged from WWTPs to environmental water bodies.

A near-infrared fluorescent probe with rapid-response hypochlorite for imaging rheumatoid arthritis and wound healing in vivo.

Real-time monitoring of hypochlorite (ClO-) fluctuations in inflamed tissues is crucial for evaluating the onset, progression, and prognosis of inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In this study, we rationally developed a small-molecule fluorescent probe (SX-ClO) based on a malononitrile-isophorone fluorophore skeleton coupled with a diaminomaleonitrile moiety as the ClO--responsive unit. The probe operated through an intramolecular ICT modulation mechanism upon specific reaction with ClO-, enabling a remarkable fluorescence turn-on response with high selectivity, excellent

A dual-functional rhodamine B and azo-salicylaldehyde derivative for the simultaneous detection of copper and hypochlorite: synthesis, biological applications and theoretical insights.

A multifunctional rhodamine derivative containing azo-salicylaldehyde (BBS) was designed and synthesized as a colorimetric and fluorescence turn-on probe for the selective detection of copper cations (Cu2+) and hypochlorite anions (OCl-) in aqueous media. In the presence of Cu2+, the probe BBS exhibited turn-on absorption and fluorescence change at 554 nm and 585 nm, respectively. The binding mechanism of BBS with Cu2+ induces the opening of a spirolactam ring in the rhodamine moiety by the formation of a metal-ligand complex, achieving 10-fold enhancement in fluorescence and quantum yield, al