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Джанкарло Коми: наследие в неврологии и многочисленных склерозовых исследованиях.

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… : Neurology and Neuroscience. … of Neurology. …

Clinical utility of square-wave jerks in neurology and psychiatry.

Human eye fixation is steadily interrupted by small, physiological or abnormal, eye movements. Square-wave jerks (SWJ) are the most common saccadic intrusion which can be readily seen at the bedside and also quantified using oculographic techniques. Various neurological, neuropsychiatric and psychiatric disorders display abnormal fixational eye movement patterns characterized by frequent SWJ. For the clinician, SWJ are particularly important because they can be readily observed at the bedside. Here, we will discuss the pathological conditions that present with SWJ and explore the expanding bod

[Bladder Dysfunction and Neurology: How to Assess Neurogenic Bladder Dysfunction?].

Here we reviewed bladder dysfunction in neurological diseases. Diseases of the brain cause overactive bladder (OAB); peripheral neuropathy including lumbar spondylosis results in postvoid residual; and spinal cord diseases cause a combination of OAB and postvoid residual. Multiple system atrophy mimics bladder dysfunction related to spinal cord disease. Conversely, in cases of bladder dysfunction of unknown etiologies, the underlying disease can be identified by the bladder dysfunction pattern. Aging also causes nocturnal polyuria. The collaboration between neurologists and urologists is highl

A review on approach to a twitchy tongue in neurology.

BACKGROUND: Several etiologies are responsible for presentation of a twitching tongue in clinical practice. Some of these etiologies cause an isolated hyperkinetic tongue muscle, and some others cause it along with other signs and symptoms. OBJECTIVES: The present paper aims to review the causes, pathology, and presentations reported with twitchy tongue. An anatomical basis of the etiologies responsible for presentation of a twitchy tongue and hyperkinetic movement disorders of this muscle is pursued. METHOD: The reporting of this systematic review was guided by the standards of the Preferre

Frank's Sign: A Link Between Dermatovenerology, Cardiac Pathology, and Neurology.

Dear Editor, Although some of my colleagues may find this surprising, as a neurologist, I have noticed many connections between dermatology and neurology. Neurological and dermatological signs and symptoms are common in many clinical entities, especially in the so-called phakomatoses or neurocutaneous syndromes (Von Recklinghausen's disease type 1 and 2, Bourneville-Pringle syndrome, Sturge-Weber syndrome, Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome, Louis-Bar syndrome) (1). The terms "neurodermatitis" and "neurodermatology" also confirm the above. Inspection is the basis of every clinical examination and an i…

Clinical Motor Coordination Tests in Adult Neurology: A Scoping Review.

Purpose: This scoping review aimed to identify which clinical tests are used to assess upper limb, lower limb, and trunk motor coordination, and their metric and measurement properties for adult neurological populations. Method: MEDLINE (1946-) and EMBASE (1996-) databases were searched using keywords such as movement quality, motor performance, motor coordination, assessment, and psychometrics. Data regarding the body part assessed, neurological condition, psychometric properties, and scored metrics of spatial and/or temporal coordination were independently extracted by two reviewers. Alterna

The use of optical coherence tomography in neurology: a review.

Optical coherence tomography is a non-invasive, cost-efficient technique that provides high-resolution in vivo imaging of retinal tissue. The peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer and macular ganglion cell complex are surrogate markers of neuroaxonal integrity in not only the eye, but also the CNS. Retinal atrophy may occur in tandem with CNS pathologies as a result of injury to ganglion cells, direct degeneration of the pregeniculate pathway, or retrograde trans-synaptic degeneration secondary to postgeniculate lesions. In this review, we outline the basic principles of optical coherence to

Current Perspective of COVID-19 on Neurology: A Mechanistic Insight.

SARS-CoV-2, the novel coronavirus and the causative organism of the Covid-19 pandemic wreaked havoc worldwide producing asymptomatic to symptomatic cases leading to significant morbidity and mortality even after infection. Most of the countries reported a mortality rate of 2-3 % majorly due to cardiorespiratory failures. Recent studies highlighted the neurological involvement playing a key role in cardiorespiratory failures and other symptoms such as headache, anosmia, and ageusia observed in Covid-19 patients. Studies suggest SARS-CoV-2 entry via Olfactory Epithelium (OE), and the expression

[Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy involves ophthalmology otorhinolaryngology neurology and their clinical features].

Objective:This study aimed to provide better understanding of the otolaryngologic features, combined with ophthalmologic and neurologic characteristics in mitochondrial encephalomyopathy（MEM）, and to help ENT and auditory practitioner making correct diagnosis as well. Methods:Twenty-eight patients with MEM were enrolled between September 2001 and January 2020. Information about family histories and clinical symptoms was retrospectively analyzed. All patients underwent otorhinolaryngological, ophthalmological and neurological examinations, including: pure-tone audiometry, acoustic immittance（AI

Precision Medicine in Neurology: The Inspirational Paradigm of Complement Therapeutics.

Precision medicine has emerged as a central element of healthcare science. Complement, a component of innate immunity known for centuries, has been implicated in the pathophysiology of numerous incurable neurological diseases, emerging as a potential therapeutic target and predictive biomarker. In parallel, the innovative application of the first complement inhibitor in clinical practice as an approved treatment of myasthenia gravis (MG) and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) related with specific antibodies raised hope for the implementation of personalized therapies in detriment

Orthostatic hypotension, dizziness, neurology outcomes, and death in older adults.

OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that orthostatic hypotension (OH) might cause cerebral hypoperfusion and injury, we examined the longitudinal relationship between OH or orthostatic symptoms and incident neurologic outcomes in a community population of older adults. METHODS: Cardiovascular Health Study participants (≥65 years) without dementia or stroke had blood pressure (BP) measured after lying down for 20 minutes and after standing 3 for minutes. Participants reported dizziness immediately upon standing and any dizziness in the past 2 weeks. OH was defined as a drop in standing systolic/

Beyond Fever, Cough and Dyspnea: The Neurology of COVID-19.

The pandemic due to Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV- 2) has rapidly engulfed the entire world, and continues to evolve at an aggressive pace. Although the characteristic concern in patients with COVID-19 is acute respiratory distress, there is meteoric accrual of data on neurological involvement. Neurological manifestations in COVID-19 have staggering diversity, ranging from mild olfactory and gustatory perception abnormalities to necrotising encephalopathy and stroke. Understanding of pathophysiological mechanisms underlying neurological invasion and disease is still

Comparison of optic disc evaluation methods in neurology emergency patients.

BACKGROUND: The optic disc examination is critical for the diagnostics of several acute neurological disorders. However, dilation of the pupil is not recommended for neurological patients, which complicates ophthalmoscopy. AIMS OF THE STUDY: Present pilot study compared a portable fundus camera to an ophthalmoscope in fundus examinations of neurological emergency patients. To our knowledge, this is the first comparative study of the subject. The fundus photographs were later reviewed with an ophthalmologist. METHODS: The study included 60 adults, volunteer neurological emergency patients wit

Multiple Sclerosis and Autoimmune Neurology of the Central Nervous System.

Autoimmune disorders of the central nervous system are common and often affect people in the most productive years of their lives. Among primary autoimmune diseases of the central nervous system, multiple sclerosis is most prevalent in the United States. Many other autoantibody-mediated neurologic syndromes have been identified within the past 2 to 3 decades, including neuromyelitis optica and anti-N-methyl-D aspartate receptor encephalitis. Finally, the central nervous system can also be affected by systemic autoimmune diseases such as sarcoidosis. Many of these diseases are treatable when de

Women physicians underrepresented in American Academy of Neurology recognition awards.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate representation by gender among recipients of physician recognition awards presented by the American Academy of Neurology (AAN). METHODS: We analyzed lists of individual recipients over the 63-year history of the AAN recognition awards. Included were awards intended primarily for physician recipients that recognized a body of work over the course of a career. The primary outcome measures were total numbers and proportions of men and women physician award recipients. RESULTS: During the period studied, the proportion of women increased from 18% (1996) to 31.5% (2016) …

Intravenous immunoglobulin in neurology--mode of action and clinical efficacy.

Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg)-a preparation of polyclonal serum IgG pooled from thousands of blood donors-has been used for nearly three decades, and is proving to be an efficient anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory treatment for a growing number of neurological diseases. Evidence from controlled clinical trials has established IVIg as a first-line therapy for Guillain-Barré syndrome, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy and multifocal motor neuropathy. IVIg is also an effective rescue therapy in some patients with worsening myasthenia gravis, and is beneficial as a second-