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Identifying Subgroups among Hardcore Smokers: a Latent Profile Approach.

INTRODUCTION: Hardcore smokers are smokers who have little to no intention to quit. Previous research suggests that there are distinct subgroups among hardcore smokers and that these subgroups vary in the perceived pros and cons of smoking and quitting. Identifying these subgroups could help to develop individualized messages for the group of hardcore smokers. In this study we therefore used the perceived pros and cons of smoking and quitting to identify profiles among hardcore smokers. METHODS: A sample of 510 hardcore smokers completed an online survey on the perceived pros and cons of smok

CYP1A2 genotype-dependent effects of smoking on mirtazapine serum concentrations.

INTRODUCTION: Psychopharmacotherapy with mirtazapine is commonplace. Lower serum concentrations of mirtazapine were reported in smokers due … e groups, also considering smoking status, sex, and age of the patients. In total, 124 patients (82 non-smokers and 42 smokers) were eligible for the analyses. RESULTS: Dose-corrected serum concentration (CD) of mirtazapine was associated with smoking status, sex, and age, with lower CD in smokers, females, and older patients. Considering non-smokers and gen …

Impact of smoking cessation on cardiovascular outcomes in patients with myocardial infarction with nonobstructive coronary arteries.

BACKGROUND: : Smoking is a preventable risk factor for incident cardiovascular disease. The impact of smoking status and potential benefits … x analysis, current smoking was independently associated with an increased risk of MACE compared to non-smokers over the median follow-up of 41.7 months [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 1.53; 95 % confidence interval (CI): 1.22-1.89, p < 0.001], whereas ex-smokers had a similar risk of MACE to non-smokers. Current smokers with ≥10 pack-years of exposure had a hig …

Coronally Positioned Flap for Root Coverage: Comparison between Smokers and Nonsmokers.

BACKGROUND: Gingival recession is significantly more common among smokers, while cigarette smoking has been shown to negatively influence healing following periodontal therapeutic procedures as compared to non-smokers. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of cigarette smoking on the outcome of coronally positioned flap (CPF) in the treatment of Miller Class I gingival recession defects. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten current smokers (≥10 cigarettes daily for at least 5 years) and 10 non-smokers (never smokers), each with one 3 to 4-mm Miller Class I recession defect in an upp…

Tongue cancer in non-smoking and non-alcoholic mother and daughter.

Tongue cancer is more prevalent in male smokers and alcoholics. Although an increased incidence of tongue cancer has been noted in non-smoking and non-alcoholic women, reports of its occurrence in mother and daughter are extremely rare. Here, we report a case of a non-smoking and non-alcoholic mother and her daughter diagnosed and treated surgically for tongue squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The daughter is still being monitored and the mother died from complications from COVID-19 after 6 years of treatment. This report shows that OSCC should be considered in the differential diagnosis of oral

The Role of Smoking as a Modifiable Risk Factor in Diabetic Nephropathy.

OBJECTIVE: To study the relation of smoking and abnormal renal function in type 2 diabetes mellitus by estimating urine protein- creatinine ratio, blood urea, serum creatinine, glomerular filtration rate and serum lipid profile in selected subjects. METHODS: Diabetic patients who attended the Diabetic Clinic, Medical College, Kozhikode were enrolled in the study. The study duration was 6 months, from July 2008 to December 2008. It was conducted in four groups of 40 subjects: diabetic smokers, diabetic non-smokers, non-diabetic smokers and non-diabetic non-smokers. The parameters assayed were:…

Smoking influences on the thickness of marginal gingival epithelium.

Smoking patients show reduction of inflammatory clinical signs that might be associated with local vasoconstriction and an increased gingival epithelial thickness. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the thickness of the marginal gingival oral epithelium in smokers and non-smokers, with clinically healthy gingivae or with gingivitis. Twenty biopsies were obtained from four different groups. Group I: non-smokers with clinically healthy gingivae (n = 5). Group II: non-smokers with gingivitis (n = 5). Group III: smokers with clinically healthy gingivae (n = 5). Group IV: smokers with gingivi…

Changes in use of cigarettes and non-cigarette alternative products among college students.

INTRODUCTION: The present study examined change in use of various smoked and smokeless non-cigarette alternative products in a sample of college students, stratified by current, or past 30-day, cigarette smoking status. METHODS: Participants were 698 students from seven four-year colleges in Texas. Participants completed two waves of online surveys regarding tobacco use, knowledge, and attitudes, with 14 months between each wave. RESULTS: The most prevalent products used by the entire sample at Wave 1 were cigarettes, followed by hookah, cigars/cigarillos/little cigars, and electronic cigare

Second-hand smoke and bladder cancer risk among nonsmokers: a systematic review and a meta-analysis.

Bladder cancer is the 10 th most frequently diagnosed cancer worldwide. While tobacco smoking is a well-established risk factor for bladder cancer, the association between second-hand smoke (SHS) exposure and bladder cancer remains less clear. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to update the evidence on the association between SHS exposure and bladder cancer risk, considering sex differences and exposure settings. By combining an umbrella review and a systematic review, we identified and combined in a meta-analysis all epidemiological studies assessing the association between SHS ex

Mucus clears from the trachea in a helix: a new twist to understanding airway diseases.

BACKGROUND: Mucociliary clearance (MCC) is critical to lung health and is impaired in many diseases. The path of MCC may have an important impact on clearance but has never been rigorously studied. The objective of this study is to assess the three-dimensional path of human tracheal MCC in disease and health. METHODS: Tracheal MCC was imaged in 12 ex-smokers, 3 non-smokers (1 opportunistically imaged during acute influenza and repeated after recovery) and 5 individuals with primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD). Radiolabelled macroaggregated albumin droplets were injected into the trachea via the …

The effect of smoking on open carpal tunnel release recovery.

INTRODUCTION: This study examines the relationship between smoking status and surgical outcomes in open carpal tunnel release. Smoking statu … carpal tunnel release from the patients' charts. Patients were dichotomized as smokers (n = 58) or non-smokers (n = 73). Data comprised preoperative pain, postoperative pain at 2 and 6 weeks, postoperative wrist stiffness, wound healing time, and infection status. Data were compared on chi square, Fisher exact, and one-sided Fisher exact tests. RESULTS: Inf …

Cigarette smoking, blast crisis, and survival in chronic myeloid leukemia.

We reviewed the records of all patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) seen in the CML Clinic of the University of Colorado Health Sciences Center between 1968 and 1987 for a history of cigarette smoking. Patients who smoked for five or more pack/years within the ten years preceding, or after the diagnosis of CML, were defined as smokers. Adequate smoking histories were obtained on 122 patients. Eighty-seven of these were non-smokers and 35 were smokers by the above criteria. The smoking group had a higher predominance of males, an older median age, and were diagnosed earlier in the cours…

[Smoking and postoperative complications].

INTRODUCTION: Smoking has a negative impact on the outcome of surgical procedures. Smoking leads to higher risk of postoperative complications and it delays wound healing. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We observed pulmonary complications, wound healing complications, and the length of the postoperative hospitalization period of 877 patients admitted for elective surgery.. Patients were divided according to their smoking status in to 3 groups: the current smokers were 32% (279/877), the former smokers 31% (274/877) and the non-smokers 37% (324/877). RESULTS: Pulmonary complications occurred more fre…

Influence of Smoking on the Expression of Genes and Proteins Related to Fat Infiltration, Inflammation, and Fibrosis in the Rotator Cuff Muscles of Patients With Chronic Rotator Cuff Tears: A Pilot Study.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the altered gene and protein expression patterns in the rotator cuff muscles of smokers and non-smokers with rotator cuff tears and to identify the smoking-associated key genetic factor(s) involved in rotator cuff muscle physiology. METHODS: Twenty-four samples of rotator cuff muscle from 12 current heavy smokers (mean age 61.8 ± 5.1 years) and age- and sex-matched 12 non-smokers (mean age 61.8 ± 6.9 years) with medium-sized tears were acquired during arthroscopic surgery. As a statistical method, the propensity score matching technique was used to select control group by…

Evaluation of the roles of serum vitamin B(12), folate and homocysteine levels in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.

Metabolic changes in head and neck carcinogenesis are often non-specifically correlated with carcinomas. The study of metabolic disorders can improve the understanding of tumourigenesis at the cellular level. This study was designed to evaluate the role of serum homocysteine, folate, and vitamin B(12) levels in the pathogenesis of laryngeal squamous cell cancer (LSCC) by measuring serum levels in 60 consecutive untreated patients with LSCC and 60 controls (30 smokers and 30 non-smokers). Compared with smoker and non-smoker control groups, significantly lower levels of vitamin B(12) were found …

Simultaneous measurement of urinary total nicotine and cotinine as biomarkers of active and passive smoking among Japanese individuals.

OBJECTIVES: Measuring urinary cotinine is a popular and established method of biologically monitoring exposure to tobacco smoke. However, th … involuntary exposure to cigarette smoke. METHODS: Urine samples from 118 Japanese smokers and 117 non-smokers were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Voluntary and involuntary smoking status was self-reported and workplace smoking restrictions were objectively evaluated. RESULTS: The integrated sum of all concentrations showed 2.2- and 2. …

Связь между курением и инвалидностью Прогресс у иранских пациентов с множественным склерозом: исследование по изучению конкретных случаев.

СОСТОЯНИЕ: Сопоставление характеристик пациентов с множественным склерозом (МС) между курящими сигареты и некурящими. МЕТОДЫ: В апреле в центре Cashani MS было проведено тематическое исследование пациентов, зарегистрированных в центре Cashani 2019 по апрель 2020 в Исфахане, Иран. Всего, 136 Психиатрические пациенты и 220 В исследовании приняли участие некурящие, которые заполнили вопросник. Результаты: В группе курильщиков частота мужского пола была значительно выше, чем в группе лиц, не являющихся курильщиками.64.7% против. 15%, Р < 0.001). Средний возраст в MSshore был 31.5 ± 9.60 лет среди

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
BACKGROUND: To compare characteristics of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) between cigarette smokers and non-smokers. METHODS: A case-control study was performed on patients registered in the Kashani MS center from April 2019 to April 2020 in Isfahan, Iran. In total, 136 smoker patients and 220 non-smokers participated in the study and completed the qu…

In vitro testing of the responses of human gingival fibroblasts and L-929 cells to nicotine.

Tobacco smoke is considered to be a major risk factor in the development of cardiac diseases and lung cancer. It has also been shown that periodontitis is more prevalent and more severe in smokers than in non-smokers. Nicotine, the major pyridine alkaloid in tobacco, has been shown to participate in periodontal disease, exerting both local and systemic effects. In the present study, the effects of nicotine (6μg/ml, 60μg/ml and 600μg/ml) on human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) were assessed by using various exposure protocols. The responses of HGF cultures obtained from smokers and non-smokers were…

A New Method for Volumetric Analysis of Soft-Tissue Changes Using Three-Dimensional Imaging in Patients With Periodontitis.

AIMS: To quantify changes in soft-tissue volume induced by non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) in patients with periodontitis and correl … correlated with clinical parameters. RESULTS: NSPT reduced soft-tissue volume in both smokers and non-smokers (p < 0.001). Non-smokers had a higher median change in volume than smokers (267.4 vs. 210.5 mm3), without statistically significant differences. Periodontal clinical parameters linearly correlated with soft-tissue volume changes. In multiple linear …

Abstinent adult daily smokers show reduced anticipatory but elevated saccade-related brain responses during a rewarded antisaccade task.

Chronic smoking may result in reduced sensitivity to non-drug rewards (e.g., money), a phenomenon particularly salient during abstinence. Du … influence on inhibitory control, key elements underlying decision-making, in abstinent smokers vs. non-smokers. Abstinent (12-hours) adult daily smokers (N=23) and non-smokers (N=11) underwent fMRI while performing the rAS. Behavioral performances improved on reward vs. neutral trials. Smokers showed attenuated activation in ventral striatum during the rewar …