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Nurse-Led Digital Interventions for Patients with Multiple Sclerosis: A Scoping Review.

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a condition that requires long-term, multidisciplinary management. The growing digital transformation in healthcare has highlighted the central role of nurses in supporting key aspects such as patient self-management, continuity of (at home) care, and patient empowerment. However, evidence on nurse-led digital interventions in MS remains fragmented. Objective: To map the available literature on nurse-led digital interventions in MS, focusing on the role of nurses, clinical outcomes, and research gaps. Methods: The review was conducted using the methodolog…

Heterocyclic Scaffolds as Therapeutic Agents in Multiple Sclerosis: Mechanisms and SAR Study.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a progressive, immune-mediated condition characterized by the destruction of myelin, the protective insulation surrounding nerve fibers. This ongoing assault triggers a cascade of damage, including persistent inflammatory responses, loss of myelinproducing oligodendrocytes, axonal degradation, and cumulative neurological impairment. While motor and sensory difficulties are hallmark features, patients frequently contend with less visible but equally debilitating symptoms such as cognitive dysfunction, profound fatigue, affective disorders, nerve pain, and autonomic in…

Interaction between smoking and HLA-A*02:01 in multiple sclerosis progression.

BACKGROUND: Gene-environment interactions between smoking and HLA genotypes have been reported in multiple sclerosis (MS) susceptibility, although their relevance beyond disease onset remains unclear. OBJECTIVES: To examine whether the effect of smoking on disability progression differs according to HLA-A*02:01 and HLA-DRB1*15:01 status. METHODS: Patients from two population-based case-control cohorts were classified by smoking status at diagnosis and by HLA-A*02:01 and HLA-DRB1*15:01 status and were followed for up to 15 years through the Swedish MS registry (n = 6807). Cox regression model…

Peripheral redox biomarkers in multiple sclerosis: associations with phenotype, cognition, and fatigue.

BACKGROUND: Oxidative stress (OS) plays a pivotal role in MS pathogenesis, but its relationship with cognitive impairment, mood disorders, and fatigue remains underexplored. This study assessed blood OS markers and their association with clinical and symptomatic measures. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 67 adults (>18 years) with definite MS (2017 revised McDonald criteria). Measured oxidative markers included total oxidative status (TOS), TAS (total antioxidant status), prooxidative-antioxidative balance (PAB), malondialdehyde (MDA), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), s

Immunoglobulin dynamics and infection risk with ofatumumab versus ocrelizumab in multiple sclerosis.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the impact of ofatumumab versus ocrelizumab on immunoglobulin levels in people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS). METHODS: Consecutive pwMS treated with ofatumumab (N = 321) or ocrelizumab (N = 328) were enrolled. Predictors of low IgG and IgM levels were assessed using multivariable logistic regression, including sex, Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score, prior disease-modifying therapy (DMT), disease duration, treatment type, baseline immunoglobulin levels, and age at treatment initiation. Predictors of infections were analyzed using multivariable logistic regr…

Diffusion tensor imaging parameters in the presence of optic neuritis in multiple sclerosis.

OBJECTIVE: This study examined how different diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) acquisition planes affect diffusion tensor indices in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, stratified by optic neuritis (ON) history. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-seven relapsing-remitting MS patients were prospectively enrolled: 20 with a history of ON (MSwON) and 17 without (MSwoON). Each participant underwent DTI in both axial and coronal planes using a 1.5 Tesla MRI system. Optic nerve regions of interest were drawn independently for each plane, and 18 DTI-derived parameters were compared between groups using linear…

Personality Traits and Their Association With Medication Non-Adherence in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis.

BACKGROUND: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated disease of the central nervous system that typically requires lifelong treatment. The management of MS relies on a multifaceted approach that includes disease-modifying therapy along with the treatment of acute relapses, MS-related symptoms, and comorbid conditions. Medication adherence is crucial for achieving favorable treatment outcomes, but non-adherence remains a prevalent issue. The aim of this study was to explore how individual personality traits and other factors contribute to suboptimal adherence in people with MS (pwMS). MET…

Potential role of Akkermansia massiliensis in multiple sclerosis protection by the FcRL3 gene.

The contribution of human genetics in shaping the abundance of gut microbiota is small, about 5%; however, it can inform about disease etiopathogenesis, including multiple sclerosis (MS). Searching for MS-gut microbiota cross-comparison of reported genome-wide association studies (GWAS), we identified a coincident association of the disease with a commensal - Akkermansia massiliensis-in the selective Fc receptor of secretory IgA gene (FcRL3). Those two signals colocalized, supporting that lower abundance of A.massiliensis may contribute to MS predisposition. In cis, the FcRL3-MS predisposing s…

Encompassing the complexity of personality to understand its association with disability in multiple sclerosis.

While specific personality traits have been associated with disability in multiple sclerosis (MS), less is known about how combinations of these traits relate to disability. This study explored personality profiles in people living with MS (PwMS) and their associations with disability. Eighty-two PwMS (55 women, 27 men; mean age = 45.7 years) were assessed using the NEO-Personality Inventory-third edition, the Expanded Disability Status Scale, and the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0. Cluster analysis including 30 personality facets identified two profiles, labeled …

Gastrointestinal symptoms and disorders in multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms and disorders are frequently reported in multiple sclerosis (MS), but the evidence remains fragmented and highly diverse. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to define the extent and range of GI symptoms and disorders in people with MS (pwMS). METHODS: PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched from inception through October 1, 2025. Eligible studies included observational and interventional designs that reported GI symptoms or diseases in MS. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed for outcomes reported by three or more stud…

Between-hospital variation in discontinuation of treatment with dimethyl fumarate in multiple sclerosis.

BACKGROUND: In multiple sclerosis (MS), switching disease modifying treatment is associated with higher relapse rate, healthcare expenses, disease burden, and lower quality of life. We compared drug discontinuation rates of dimethyl fumarate (DMF) between hospitals in Denmark and Norway. METHOD: Data from national MS registries were analyzed, adjusting for sex, age, disease duration, Expanded Disability Status Scale, and baseline relapses. Between-hospital variation was assessed using median hazard ratios (MHR). RESULTS: 3368 patients with relapsing-remitting MS started DMF at all clinics in…

Increased exertion variability is linked to disruptions in effort assessment in multiple sclerosis.

BACKGROUND: Individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) often report fatigue and motor impairments, which may affect how accurately they assess physical exertion. Recent work with healthy individuals suggests that motor variability can distort judgments of exertion (i.e. feelings of effort); however, this relationship has not been explored in individuals with MS. OBJECTIVE: To determine how variability in physical exertion affects subjective effort assessment in individuals with MS compared with healthy participants. METHODS: Individuals with MS and age-matched healthy controls exerted varying …

Скрининг на рак цветов у лиц с множественным склерозом: исследование по смешанным методам.

ВВЕДЕНИЕ: Лица с множественным склерозом (pwMS) имеют более низкий, по сообщениям, риск рака цвета кожи, что может отражать ограниченный доступ к скринингу рака цвета кожи (CCS). ЦЕЛИ: Сопоставление УХУ в ПМС и населения в целом и выявление барьеров и посредников с использованием смешанных методов. МЕТОДЫ: 2022-2024, старость PwMS 50-74 годы и соответствующие меры контроля3::1) были выбраны. Были рассчитаны общие и возрастные показатели охвата УХУ. В PCMS мультивариантные модели материально-технического обеспечения выявили факторы, связанные с УХУ ⩾ 80%. Были проведены полуструктурированные со

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
INTRODUCTION: People with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) have a lower reported risk of colorectal cancer, which may reflect reduced access to colorectal cancer screening (CCS). OBJECTIVES: Compare CCS in pwMS and the general population and identify barriers and facilitators using mixed methods. METHODS: In 2022-2024, PwMS aged 50-74 years and matched controls (…

Nimodipine in animal models of demyelination relevant to multiple sclerosis: a systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common inflammatory neurodegenerative disease in which axonal injury, neuronal death, and demyelination occur. Treatment for MS relapses remains limited, which alleviates acute loss of function but has no impact on long-term disability. This study aimed to perform a systematic review of the effects of nimodipine on experimental demyelination models, including experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and Cuprizone models in rodents. METHODS: This study was conducted following the PRISMA statement. A systematic search was performed in PubMe…

Epitope spreading in multiple sclerosis is shaped by the spatial organisation of immune responses.

Epitope spreading has long been proposed as a mechanism contributing to the progression of multiple sclerosis (MS), yet its role in human disease remains incompletely defined. Traditionally viewed as a consequence of antigen release during tissue damage, epitope spreading is often considered independently of the anatomical context in which immune responses occur. Here, I re-examine epitope spreading in MS by integrating evidence from experimental models and human studies with recent advances in neuroimmunology. I propose that the diversification of autoreactive responses is not solely driven b…

Emotion recognition in multiple sclerosis: The influence of processing speed and cognitive reserve.

Social cognitive impairment significantly impacts the quality of life in multiple sclerosis (MS). This study investigated the structural, clinical and functional predictors of emotion recognition in 48 MS patients (26 Relapsing-Remitting, 22 Progressive) and 40 matched healthy controls (HCs). All participants were assessed for emotion recognition (Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test [RMET]). The MS cohort was additionally assessed for information processing speed (IPS) (Symbol Digit Modalities Test [SDMT]) and cognitive reserve (CR) (Cognitive Reserve Index questionnaire [CRIq]). Confounding cli…

Episodic memory deficits are associated with social cognitive impairments in multiple sclerosis.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is associated with cognitive impairments affecting attention, processing speed, executive functions, and episodic memory. Social cognition (SC), encompassing emotional processing and theory of mind (ToM), is also impaired in MS. However, its relationship with common cognitive functioning is not well defined. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationships between social and non-social cognitive impairments, focusing on episodic memory, executive functions, and information processing speed in people with MS. METHODS: We assessed 5…

Interthalamic adhesion alterations in multiple sclerosis: associations with thalamic damage and cognition.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: We investigated whether the interthalamic adhesion (IA), a midline structure connecting the thalami, is altered in multiple sclerosis (MS) and associated with thalamic damages and cognition. METHODS: We prospectively included 32 clinically isolated syndrome/early MS, 31 relapsing-remitting MS, 31 primary-progressive MS patients, and 103 matched controls. All underwent anatomical 3 T MRI and completed a comprehensive cognitive battery. IA presence, subtype, and volume were assessed by two blinded readers. Thalamic nuclei and other brain structures were segmented automati…

The gut microbiota-miRNA axis in multiple sclerosis: Mechanisms and therapeutic potentials.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic immune-mediated neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative disease characterized by demyelination, blood-brain barrier disruption, and progressive neurological disability. Increasing evidence identifies the gut microbiota (GM) as a key environmental factor in MS pathogenesis, with microbial dysbiosis contributing to immune dysregulation, impaired intestinal barrier integrity, and chronic systemic inflammation. At the same time, microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as pivotal post-transcriptional regulators of immune responses, neuroinflammation, and neurodegenerati…