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Nm23-H1 inhibits lung cancer bone-specific metastasis by upregulating miR-660-5p targeted SMARCA5.

BackgroundNm23-H1 gene has been found to be an inhibitor of tumor metastasis in lung cancer. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play key roles in tumor metastasis through multiple signaling pathways. This study explored whether the nm23-H1 gene could inhibit invasion and metastasis of lung cancer cells by regulating miRNA-660-5p targets.MethodsQuantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blots were used to measure the expression of nm23-H1 and miR-660-5p of various human lung cancer cell lines. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), wound-healing and transwell assay were carried out to assess cell proliferation, mi

Nostoc commune-derived scytonemin induced mitochondrial cell death in leukemia models.

Cyanobacteria have long attracted scientific interest through their potential application in the development of new therapeutic approaches, particularly those related to the treatment of cancer. In this study, the antiproliferative effects of Nostoc commune extract (NOS) and the cyanobacterial compound scytonemin (SCY) were evaluated against a variety of in vitro cancer models, including cervix, colon, breast, lung, and leukemia cell lines, using resazurin assays. Both of the studied compounds were found to have inhibited metabolic activity in a dose-dependent manner, with IC50 values ranging

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… HeLa, MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, and A549 cells were maintained in high-glucose DMEM (Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium; Biosera, Kansas City, MO, USA) supplemented with sodium pyruvate (GE Healthcare, Piscataway, NJ, USA), 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), and a 1% antibiotic/antimycotic solution (Merck, Darmstadt …

Marine Natural Products as Potent Anticancer Agents (2020-2024): Structural Diversity, SARs and Target Prediction.

In recent years, Marine Natural Products (MNPs) have emerged as a significant source for anticancer drug discovery, as many natural products can offer structural diversity, unique mechanisms of action, and relatively low toxicity. This article provides a systematic review of MNPs with reported anticancer activities from 2020 to 2024. These compounds are classified into seven major categories: terpenoids, alkaloids, sterols, polyketides, peptides and proteins, polysaccharides, and macrolides. For each category, we elaborate on the marine sources, structural identification, in vitro anticancer a

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… Results showed that Copteremophilane H ( 10 ) had selective inhibitory activity against A549 cells, with an IC 50 value of 3.23 μM. … Using CCK-8 assay, anti-tumor activity assays showed that after 24 h of treatment at a concentration of 50 μg/mL, PCP1 reduced the viability of A549 cells to 0.77 μg/mL, H1299 cells to 0.78 μg/mL, and LTEP-a-2 cells to 0.80 μg/mL. …

Regulation of microRNAs by natural agents: new strategies in cancer therapies.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short noncoding RNA which regulate gene expression by messenger RNA (mRNA) degradation or translation repression. The plethora of published reports in recent years demonstrated that they play fundamental roles in many biological processes, such as carcinogenesis, angiogenesis, programmed cell death, cell proliferation, invasion, migration, and differentiation by acting as tumour suppressor or oncogene, and aberrations in their expressions have been linked to onset and progression of various cancers. Furthermore, each miRNA is capable of regulating the expression of many

Molecular interactions of miR-338 during tumor progression and metastasis.

BackgroundCancer, as one of the main causes of human deaths, is currently a significant global health challenge. Since the majority of cancer-related deaths are associated with late diagnosis, it is necessary to develop minimally invasive early detection markers to manage and reduce mortality rates. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), as highly conserved non-coding RNAs, target the specific mRNAs which are involved in regulation of various fundamental cellular processes such as cell proliferation, death, and signaling pathways. MiRNAs can also be regulated by long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (

Natural Products as Anticancer Agents: Current Status and Future Perspectives.

Natural products have been an invaluable and useful source of anticancer agents over the years. Several compounds have been synthesized from natural products by modifying their structures or by using naturally occurring compounds as building blocks in the synthesis of these compounds for various purposes in different fields, such as biology, medicine, and engineering. Multiple modern and costly treatments have been applied to combat cancer and limit its lethality, but the results are not significantly refreshing. Natural products, which are a significant source of new therapeutic drugs, are cu

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… Recently, Aucubin has been reported to produce antitumoral effects in lung cancer (A549) cells by inducing cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase, inducing p53 activation, and also increasing the activity of the Fas/Fas-ligand system [ 100 ]. … Additionally, cepharanthine isolated from Stephania cepharantha inhibited the growth and proliferation of lung cancer H1299 and A549 cells by increasing ROS, loss of membrane potential, and cell cycle arrest [ 105 ]. 3.2. …

The Role of Plant-Derived Natural Products as a Regulator of the Tyrosine Kinase Pathway in the Management of Lung Cancer.

One of the most common malignant tumors worldwide is lung cancer, and it is associated with the highest death rate among all cancers. Traditional treatment options for lung cancer include radiation, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and surgical resection. However, the survival rate is low, and the outlook is still dreadfully dire. The pursuit of a paradigm change in treatment approaches is, therefore, imperative. Tyrosine kinases (TKs), a subclass of protein kinases, regulate vital cellular function by phosphorylating tyrosine residues in proteins. Mutations, overexpression, and autocrine parac

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… . | [ 123 ] Cucurbitacin E | Tetracyclic triterpenes | Cucurbitaceo-us plants | Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell line A549 | Cucurbitacins E exhibited anti-proliferative effect against A549 cells by targeting the EGFR/MAPK signaling pathway. | [ 124 ] Cucurbitacin B | MKN-45 gastric carcinoma … Inhibiting SIRT6 eliminates the sensitization effect of AS-IV in NSCLC cells, such as HCI-H1299, HCC827, and A549 cells [ 233 ]. SIRT6 is an NAD-dependent deacetylase that facilitates NSCLC. …

Exosomes and organ-specific metastasis.

The transmission of information between tumor cells and other cell types in the tumor microenvironment plays an important role in tumor metastasis and is critically modulated by exosomes and other mediators. Tumor-derived exosomes can promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition, angiogenesis, immune escape, formation of the pre-metastatic microenvironment, and transmission of drug-resistant molecules, thereby promoting tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis. Integrins are important regulatory molecules on exosomes that can locate metastatic cells at the initial stage of metastasis and show good

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… cells under DDP exposure can reduce the sensitivity of other A549 cells to DDP. … Qin et al. 60 found that miR-100-5p can alter the sensitivity of A549 cells to DDP by regulating expression of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) gene. …

Immunotherapy Combined with Metronomic Dosing: An Effective Approach for the Treatment of NSCLC.

Pioneering studies on tumor and immune cell interactions have highlighted immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) as revolutionizing interventions for the management of NSCLC, typically combined with traditional MTD chemotherapies, which usually lead to toxicities and resistance to treatment. Alternatively, MTR chemotherapy is based on the daily low dose administration of chemotherapeutics, preventing tumor growth indirectly by targeting the tumor microenvironment. The effects of MTR administration of an oral prodrug of gemcitabine (OralGem), alone or with anti-PD1, were evaluated. Relevant in vit

Identification of broad anti-coronavirus chemical agents for repurposing against SARS-CoV-2 and variants of concern.

Endemic human coronaviruses (hCoVs) 229E and OC43 cause respiratory disease with recurrent infections, while severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV-2 spreads across the world with impact on health and societies. Here, we report an image-based multicycle infection procedure with α-coronavirus hCoV-229E-eGFP in an arrayed chemical library screen of 5440 clinical and preclinical compounds. Toxicity counter selection and challenge with the β-coronaviruses OC43 and SARS-CoV-2 in tissue culture and human airway epithelial explant cultures (HAEEC) identified four FDA-approved compounds with ora

The versatile emodin: A natural easily acquired anthraquinone possesses promising anticancer properties against a variety of cancers.

Cancers are generally recognized as the leading cause of death and a predominant barrier to prolonging life expectancy in both developed and developing countries. Emodin is a typical anthraquinone derivative from various plants that exhibits a wide spectrum of biological activities, such as anticancer, antibacterial, hepatoprotective and anti-inflammatory activities. Much previous preclinical evidence has demonstrated that emodin exhibits reliable effects on several cancer types, including lung cancer, liver cancer, colon cancer, breast cancer, pancreatic cancer, leukemia, cervical cancer, and

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… Lai et al . revealed that emodin could induce mitochondria-dependent apoptosis in A549 cells by activating the ROS-elicited ATM-p53-Bax signaling pathway 15 . … Previous studies have also found that emodin can significantly induce apoptosis of A549 cells 50 . …

Non-Curcuminoids from Turmeric and Their Potential in Cancer Therapy and Anticancer Drug Delivery Formulations.

Over the past decades curcuminoids have been extensively studied for their biological activities such as antiulcer, antifibrotic, antiviral, antibacterial, antiprotozoal, antimutagenic, antifertility, antidiabetic, anticoagulant, antivenom, antioxidant, antihypotensive, antihypocholesteremic, and anticancer activities. With the perception of limited toxicity and cost, these compounds forms an integral part of cancer research and is well established as a potential anticancer agent. However, only few studies have focused on the other bioactive molecules of turmeric, known as non-curcuminoids, wh

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… Moreover, turmeric oil loaded nanocapsules were found to have antiproliferative activity on A549 cell lines by using MTT assay [ 126 ]. Hence, this suggests that non-curcuminoid loaded nanocapsules may also accelerate their anticancer activities. 6.5. … Liua Y.P. β-elemene induces apoptosis as well as protective autophagy in human non-small-cell lung cancer A549 cells J. Pharm. pharmacol. 2011 64 146 153 22150682 10.1111/j.2042-7158.2011.01371.x 51. Li L. Xu L. Qu X. Zhao M. Yu P. Kang J. Liu Y. Hu X. …

Parasites revive hope for cancer therapy.

Parasites have attained a life-long stigma of being detrimental organisms with deleterious outcomes. Yet, recently, a creditable twist was verified that can dramatically change our perception of those parasites from being a source of misery to millions of people to a useful anti-cancerous tool. Various parasites have shown promise to combat cancer in different experimental models, including colorectal, lung, and breast cancers, among others. Helminths and protozoan parasites, as well as their derivatives such as Echinococcus granulosus protein KI-1, Toxoplasma gondii GRA15II, and Trypanosoma c

Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Cancer Cell Cytotoxicity: Implications for Multi-Targeted Cancer Therapy.

Cancer is a major disease worldwide. Despite progress in cancer therapy, conventional cytotoxic therapies lead to unsatisfactory long-term survival, mainly related to development of drug resistance by tumor cells and toxicity towards normal cells. n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), can exert anti-neoplastic activity by inducing apoptotic cell death in human cancer cells either alone or in combination with conventional therapies. Indeed, n-3 PUFAs potentially increase the sensitivity of tumor cells to conventional therapies, poss

Marine-Derived Bisindoles for Potent Selective Cancer Drug Discovery and Development.

Marine-derived bisindoles exhibit structural diversity and exert anti-cancer influence through multiple mechanisms. Comprehensive research has shown that the development success rate of drugs derived from marine natural products is four times higher than that of other natural derivatives. Currently, there are 20 marine-derived drugs used in clinical practice, with 11 of them demonstrating anti-tumor effects. This article provides a thorough review of recent advancements in anti-tumor exploration involving 167 natural marine bisindole products and their derivatives. Not only has enzastaurin ent

Sorcin: a novel potential target in therapies of cancers.

Soluble resistance-related calcium-binding protein (sorcin) is a member of the penta-EF-hand protein family. Sorcin is widely distributed in normal human tissues, such as the brain, heart, lymphocytes, kidneys, breast and skin. Findings suggest that sorcin is associated with the regulation of calcium homeostasis, cell cycle and vesicle trafficking. It has been reported that many types of non-neoplastic diseases such as diabetes, viral infection, infertility, and nervous system diseases were affected by the expression of sorcin. One of the main issues is the role of sorcin in neoplastic disease

Resveratrol Nanoformulations for Cancer Management: A Comprehensive Review of Disease-Specific Strategies and Clinical Translational Barriers.

Cancer remains a leading cause of mortality worldwide, highlighting the need for therapeutic strategies that reduce systemic toxicity and drug resistance. Resveratrol (RES), a natural polyphenolic stilbenoid, possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, pro-apoptotic, anti-metastatic, and chemosensitizing activities. However, its clinical translation is limited by poor aqueous solubility, chemical instability, rapid metabolic clearance, and consequently low systemic bioavailability. Nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems provide a promising strategy to address these limitations. This review s

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… In A549 cells, the optimized formulation enhanced cellular uptake and cytotoxicity relative to the free-drug combination. … In A549 cells, this co-delivery system reduced cell viability, increased apoptosis, induced G2/M cell-cycle arrest, upregulated BAX, p53, and cleaved caspase-3/-9, and downregulated survivin and Bcl-2. …

The therapeutic potential of colchicine in oncology studies: from structural modification and targeted delivery to clinical management.

Colchicine, a classical microtubule-targeting agent (MTA), exhibits remarkable anti-tumor potential, but its clinical translation is severely restricted by a narrow therapeutic window, systemic off-target toxicity, and complex pharmacokinetic vulnerabilities. Driven by the objective of "toxicity reduction and efficacy enhancement," this review comprehensively summarizes colchicine's multidimensional translational research. First, precise chemical modifications of its tricyclic scaffold and multi-site synergistic strategies are analyzed, exploring structure-activity relationship (SAR) mechanism

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… Notably, the C7 6-chlorohexyloxycarboxamide derivative 18 exhibited extraordinary IC 50 values of 0.1 ± 0.01 nM against LoVo (SI = 87.1) and 1.2 ± 0.4 nM against A549 cells—an in vitro efficacy ∼4,100-fold greater than the clinical drug cisplatin ( Krzywik et al., 2021b ). … Concurrently, off-target toxicity was substantially mitigated; the SI of compound 23 for A549 cells increased to 6.60 (colchicine: 1.11), validating the capacity of triple-site modifications to broaden the therapeutic safety window ( Majcher et al., 2018c ). …

Withania somnifera: Progress towards a Pharmaceutical Agent for Immunomodulation and Cancer Therapeutics.

Chemotherapy is one of the prime treatment options for cancer. However, the key issues with traditional chemotherapy are recurrence of cancer, development of resistance to chemotherapeutic agents, affordability, late-stage detection, serious health consequences, and inaccessibility. Hence, there is an urgent need to find innovative and cost-effective therapies that can target multiple gene products with minimal adverse reactions. Natural phytochemicals originating from plants constitute a significant proportion of the possible therapeutic agents. In this article, we reviewed the advances and t

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… In H1299 and A549 cells, paclitaxel, and WA co-treatment reduced cell proliferation, colony formation, migration, invasion, and enhanced apoptosis. … On the other hand, Withaferin A inhibited both paclitaxel-susceptible (TS-A549) and paclitaxel-resistant (TR-A549) cells in in vitro and in vivo. Withaferin A suppresses NSCLC cell growth via oxidizing thiols. …

Genome Editing Approaches with CRISPR/Cas9 for Cancer Treatment: Critical Appraisal of Preclinical and Clinical Utility, Challenges, and Future Research.

The increasing burden on human malignant diseases became a major concern for healthcare practitioners, that must deal with tumor relapse and the inability to efficiently treat metastasis, in addition to side effects. Throughout the decades, many therapeutic strategies have been employed to improve the clinical outcomes of cancer patients and great efforts have been made to develop more efficient and targeted medicines. The malignant cell is characterized by genetic and epigenetic modifications, therefore targeting those specific drivers of carcinogenesis is highly desirable. Among the genome e

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… This targeting approach has been also supported by other studies that take advantage of a mutation in the KRAS oncogene, G12S, to specifically inhibit the proliferation of G12S-bearing lung cancer A549 cells [ 29 ]. … The lung cancer H2228 cell line, which is negative for the G12S mutation, retained its proliferative and tumor growth potential despite being subjected to the same CRISPR/Cas9 treatment as the A549 cell line, both in in vitro and in vivo animal models. …