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Modern diagnosis and treatment of multiple sclerosis: advances, challenges, and future directions.

The diagnosis and treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) remain an evolving challenge in modern neurology. Recent advances are reflected in the 2024 revision of the McDonald criteria, which aim to facilitate earlier, more accurate and biologically informed diagnosis of MS. Key updates include expansion of dissemination in space to incorporate the optic nerve, integration of relapsing and progressive onset MS within a unified diagnostic framework, provision for diagnosis in selected asymptomatic individuals, dispensing with the requirement for dissemination of time in certain situations and incor…

Diagnosing multiple sclerosis: implementation and unintended effects of the 2024 McDonald criteria.

Diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis have evolved substantially since the Schumacher criteria were published in 1965. The most recent iteration, the 2024 McDonald diagnostic criteria, was recently released. Each revision has broadened the range of evidence that can support diagnosis while attempting to preserve specificity. The central question raised by the 2024 revision is therefore not simply whether the criteria are valid in principle, but whether they can be applied safely outside expert centres, where imaging quality, laboratory infrastructure and subspecialist interpretation vary …

Smoking and disability outcomes in multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Smoking is a well-established environmental risk factor for multiple sclerosis (MS), yet its impact on disability progression remains incompletely understood, with conflicting evidence across studies. OBJECTIVE: This review evaluated smoking and clinical outcomes in MS. Disability progression was the primary outcome; disability severity, imaging, relapse recovery, functional status, and patient-reported outcomes were secondary outcomes. METHODS: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochr…

EBV reactivation priming of the peripheral immune system in multiple sclerosis relapse.

Despite decades of research, the cellular and molecular events preceding multiple sclerosis (MS) relapse remain incompletely understood. Here, in this observational study of longitudinal blood samples from patients with relapsing-remitting MS, we used single-cell RNA sequencing, bulk transcriptomics, multiparameter flow cytometry and targeted viral reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) to construct a time-resolved atlas of immune perturbations surrounding relapse. A reproducible pre-relapse signature in monocytes and B cells, emerging up to 3 months before clin…

Свойства измерений и их применение WHODAS 2.0 в многоразовом склерозе: систематический обзор.

Фон/задачи: Множественный склероз (МС) влияет на моторное, когнитивное, психологическое и социальное функционирование, которое не в полной мере фиксируется на основе нарушений. В ходе этого систематического обзора была проведена оценка свойств измерений и их применения в соответствии с графиком Всемирной организации здравоохранения по оценке инвалидности (WHODAS) 2.0 для взрослых с МЗ в исследовательских и клинических контекстах. Методы: с момента создания библиотеки Пубмед/МЕДЛИН, Эмбазы, Скопуса, Сети науки и Кокрана до 25 мая 2026 года был проведен обыск. В ходе соответствующих экспертных и

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Background/Objectives: Multiple sclerosis (MS) affects motor, cognitive, psychological, and social functioning that impairment-based scales do not fully capture. This systematic review evaluated the measurement properties and applications of the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS) 2.0 in adults with MS across research and clinic…

Роль сигнализации CD5 для про воспламенительной реакции TH17 при множественном склерозе.

Провозглашение 17 (Th17) клеток имеет жизненно важное значение для таких аутоиммунных заболеваний человека, как множественный склероз (MS). Из-за дифференциации и функциональной пластичности клетки TH17 способны производить различные провоспалительные цитокины, такие, как интерлейкин (IL)-17A, интерферон (IFN)-__ и гранулоцит-макропатажный коэффициент оптимизации колонии (GM-CSF), и модуляция деятельности клеток TH17 является желательным инструментом для лечения болезней. Здесь мы поставили перед собой цель понять роль поверхностной молекулы CD5 и ее партнера по внутриклеточному взаимодействию

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Pro-inflammatory T-helper 17 (Th17) cells are of vital importance in human autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS). Due to differentiation and functional plasticity, Th17 cells are able to produce a variety of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-17A, interferon (IFN)-γ and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF),…

Overlap autoimmune hepatitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis in a patient with multiple sclerosis.

A 16-year-old boy was diagnosed from multiple sclerosis (MS) after suffering from paresthesia in upper limbs and VI cranial nerve paresis. Corticosteroids and fingolimod were started. After 13 months a worsening of liver biochemical tests (LBT) was noticed: ALP 787 U/L, GGT 737 U/L, AST 195, ALT 321, Bi 0.5 mg/dL, so fingolimod was stopped. Serologies were negative, thyroid function, Alpha-1-antitrypsin, ceruloplasmin, and iron metabolism tests were normal. He had ANA 1/320 and c-ANCA positive autoantibodies. After 3 months there was no improvement of LBT: ALP 726 AST 87 ALT 95 GGT 515 Bi 0.7.…

Experiences of Word-Finding Difficulties in Multiple Sclerosis: A Qualitative Interview Study.

UNLABELLED: Abstract. BACKGROUND: The ability to communicate may be impaired in people with multiple sclerosis (MS), as both speech and language may be affected. Although word-finding difficulty is a common impairment, little is known about how this affects everyday life for people with MS. METHODS: In this qualitative study, word-finding difficulty was explored via interviews with 18 individuals with MS. The results were reviewed via qualitative content analysis. RESULTS: In the analysis, 3 overarching themes emerged: (1) word-finding difficulty affects everyday life; (2) word-finding diff…

Cognitive outcomes in multiple sclerosis are shaped by divergent functional connectivity trajectories.

Cognitive impairment in people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) is highly heterogeneous, highlighting the need to better understand the underlying pathophysiological processes of cognitive decline and the brain's mechanisms for adapting to MS damage. This longitudinal study explores functional connectivity (FC) changes and their relationship with cognitive trajectories over seven years in pwMS. We aimed to determine whether individuals with cognitive decline exhibited different FC patterns compared to those with stable cognitive performance. For this purpose, we analysed data from 58 pwMS, inclu…

Воздействие криотерапии всего тела на баланс тела у пациентов с множественным склерозом.

Цель: Множественный склероз (MS) характеризуется многофукальными и повреждениями, которые своевременно распространяются в центральной нервной системе. Это вызывает различные клинические симптомы, включая спастически повышенный мышечный тон и нарушения баланса, которые уже происходят на ранних стадиях заболевания, увеличивая частоту падений, что негативно сказывается на мобильности и независимости пациентов. Целая криотерапия (ВБК) используется для реабилитации пациентов с НР, однако нет никаких сообщений о воздействии ОВБ без последующей кинезиотерапии на баланс тела у пациентов с МП. Цель исс

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Purpose: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterised by multifocal and damage disseminated in time to the central nervous system. This causes various clinical symptoms, including spastically increased muscle tone and balance disorders, which already occur in the early stages of the disease, increasing the frequency of falls, which negatively affects the mobilit…

Обзор подтверждения краткой когнитивной оценки множественного склероза в Латинской Америке.

СПРАВОЧНАЯ ИНФОРМАЦИЯ: Цель настоящего обзора заключалась в выявлении опубликованных исследований, в которых сообщалось о подтверждении краткой когнитивной оценки множественного склероза (БИКАМС) в Латинской Америке (ЛАТАМ). МЕТОДЫ: Для составления всеобъемлющего перечня имеющихся оценочных исследований мы провели систематический обзор литературы с помощью электронного поиска PubMed и Web of Science через ключевые слова "Validation", "Brief Coginative Assessment for Multial Sclerosis", "BICAMS" и "Latin America". Из 27 выявленных источников лишь четыре обеспечивают подтверждение БИКАМС в LATAM

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
BACKGROUND: The present review aimed to identify published studies that reported the validation of the Brief Cognitive Assessment for Multiple Sclerosis (BICAMS) in Latin America (LATAM). METHODS: To compile a comprehensive list of available validation studies, we performed a systematic review of the literature via an electronic search of PubMed and Web of …

Fatigue and Its Association with Upper Limb Function in People with Multiple Sclerosis.

Background and Objectives: This cross-sectional study investigates the association between fatigue and upper limb (UL) function in people with Multiple Sclerosis (PwMS). Methods: Adult PwMS were recruited from five Italian MS centers. Fatigue was evaluated using the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS), while UL function was assessed through the Box and Block Test (BBT), Nine-Hole Peg Test (9HPT), and Hand-Grip Strength (HGS). Data analysis included Spearman rank correlations and Mann-Whitney U tests. Results: A total of 261 participants were involved. Significant correlations were found betwe…

The impact of changing diagnostic criteria on disability in a Brazilian multiple sclerosis cohort.

Updating multiple sclerosis (MS) diagnostic criteria over recent decades may have impacted disability progression.To assess the effects of the passage of time and changes in diagnostic criteria on disability.A retrospective study of Brazilian people with relapsing-remitting MS from 1994 to 2019. Descriptive analysis compared three periods based on admission: Epoch 1 (1994-2001), 2 (2002-2010), and 3 (2011-2019). Cox regressions were performed for the outcomes of the expanded disability status scale (EDSS) 6.0 and conversion to secondary progressive MS (SPMS). We compared the three Epochs in se…

Contribution of Polygenic Scores to Progression Independent of Relapse Activity in Multiple Sclerosis.

BACKGROUND: Despite effective therapeutic control of relapses, many patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) experience, from the earliest phases of disease, disability accrual, which mostly occurs as progression independent of relapse activity (PIRA). In this observational study, we aimed at evaluating the genetic contribution to PIRA, using polygenic risk scores (PRS) in a cohort of 1162 Italian patients. METHODS: PRS were derived from the largest multi-centric genome-wide association study on MS severity, conducted on more than 20,000 patients. The scores were computed at 5 p-value thresholds…

Спектральное разрешение и понимание речи в шуме у людей с множественным склерозом.

Хотя множественный склероз является хроническим, аутоиммунным неврологическим заболеванием неизвестной этиологии, воздействие этого заболевания на центральную звуковую систему по-прежнему является предметом исследований. Наше исследование было нацелено на изучение деятельности лиц с множественным склерозом в понимании речи в отношении шума и способности спектрального разрешения, что, как известно, является одной из функций центральной звуковой системы.МЕТОДЫ: Было проведено сопоставление между 32 лицами с множественным склерозом (37,25 ± 9,25 года) и 31 здоровым человеком (34,96 ± 8,42 года) с

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
BACKGROUND: Although multiple sclerosis is a chronic, autoimmune neurological disease of unknown etiology, the effects of the disease on the central auditory system are still a subject of research. Our study aimed to examine the performance of individuals with multiple sclerosis in speech understanding in noise and spectral resolution ability, which is known…

Barriers to dental service access for individuals with multiple sclerosis: a scoping review.

BACKGROUND: Accessing dental care presents a significant challenge for individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS), influenced by the diverse array of symptoms associated with the disease. AIM: This study aimed to identify the challenges faced by people with MS (PwMS) when accessing dental health services. METHOD: The Joanna Briggs Institute scoping review methodology was employed to identify challenges related to dental service utilization among individuals with MS, following the Population-Concept-Context (PCC) framework. A comprehensive search was conducted across Embase, PubMed, Scopus, Web…

Изображение тела, сексуальная дисфункция и психологическое расстройство у людей с множественным склерозом.

ЦЕЛЬ: В этом исследовании рассматривались взаимосвязи между сексуальным функционированием, изображением тела и настроением у людей с множественным склерозом (МС). МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ: 104 человека с MS и 101 специалист по контролю за состоянием здоровья (HC) завершили онлайновое обследование, в ходе которого были проанализированы показатели сексуального функционирования, изображения тела и психологического благополучия. Люди, имеющие НР, сравнивались с НК в зависимости от переменных результатов исследований. В регрессионном анализе в качестве переменных для прогнозирования использовались изобра

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
PURPOSE: This study examined the relationships between sexual functioning, body image and mood in people with multiple sclerosis (MS). MATERIALS AND METHODS: 104 people with MS and 101 healthy controls (HCs) completed an online survey that assessed sexual functioning, body image, and psychological well-being variables. People with MS were compared to HCs ac…

The Variant rs7665090 Is Associated With Interferon-Beta Response in Multiple Sclerosis Patients.

BACKGROUND: GG homozygosity for the risk gene variant rs7665090 has been reported to enhance nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) activity in T cells from multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. Here, we investigated the association between this polymorphism and the response to different disease-modifying therapies in MS. METHODS: The rs7665090 polymorphism was genotyped in 558 MS patients treated with injectable therapies [IFNβ (n = 213) and glatiramer acetate (n = 55)], oral therapies [dimethylfumarate (n = 97), teriflunomide (n = 41), and fingolimod (n = 37)], and natalizumab (n = 115). Treatment respo…

Use of Disease-Modifying Therapies in Patients With Late-Onset Multiple Sclerosis.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The therapeutic strategy in patients with late-onset MS (LOMS) remains poorly defined. In this study, we aimed to evaluate both clinical and MRI outcomes between 2 cohorts of patients with relapsing-remitting LOMS treated or not yet treated. METHODS: Patients with relapsing-remitting MS were included for the analysis if disease onset occurred after 55 years and if they had at least one follow-up visit. The primary outcome was time to first relapse between 2 matched groups of patients with LOMS (treated and not yet treated). Secondary outcomes were as follows: (1) ti