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Progress of Cancer Nanotechnology as Diagnostics, Therapeutics, and Theranostics Nanomedicine: Preclinical Promise and Translational Challenges.

Early detection, right therapeutic intervention, and simultaneous effectiveness mapping are considered the critical factors in successful cancer therapy. Nevertheless, these factors experience the limitations of conventional cancer diagnostics and therapeutics delivery approaches. Along with providing the targeted therapeutics delivery, advances in nanomedicines have allowed the combination of therapy and diagnostics in a single system (called cancer theranostics). This paper discusses the progress in the pre-clinical and clinical development of therapeutics, diagnostics, and theranostics canc

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… These upon irradiation of NIR at 808 nm showed induction of higher temperature for cytotoxicity against A549 cells vis-à-vis the Fe 3 O 4 NPs. … The MTT assay revealed low cytotoxicity of these NPs and confocal fluorescence images illustrated that the folate receptors-overexpressed cancer cells (HeLa cells) selectively targeted rather than folate receptors-deficient A549 cells. …

Properties of Approved Antitumour Chinese Herbal Medicines: Integrating Evidence and Tradition.

The properties and meridian affinities of Chinese herbal medicine are closely associated with their therapeutic efficacy. This review focuses on approved antitumour Chinese medicines listed in the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China (2020 Edition, Volume I), highlighting their key components. Statistical methods were used to analyse the properties, flavours and channel tropisms of antitumour traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), including both proprietary formulations and commercially available individual herbs. Distinctive patterns were identified by comparing herb profiles with con

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… Lü et al 49 showed that schisandrin B inhibits A549 cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner by downregulating cyclin D1, CDK4 and CDK6 expression while upregulating p53 and p21, thereby inducing G0/G1 phase cell-cycle arrest. … Schisandrin B inhibits the proliferation of human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells by inducing cycle arrest and apoptosis. Int J Clin Exp Med . 2015;8(5):6926–6936. 50. Chen MC, Wu SV, Reeve JR Jr, Rozengurt E. …

Current Advances in Coptidis Rhizoma for Gastrointestinal and Other Cancers.

Cancer is a serious disease with an increasing number of reported cases and high mortality worldwide. Gastrointestinal cancer defines a group of cancers in the digestive system, e.g., liver cancer, colorectal cancer, and gastric cancer. Coptidis Rhizoma (C. Rhizoma; Huanglian, in Chinese) is a classical Chinese medicinal botanical drug for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders and has been shown to have a wide variety of pharmacological activity, including antifungal, antivirus, anticancer, antidiabetic, hypoglycemic, and cardioprotective effects. Recent studies on C. Rhizoma present sig

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… In addition to A549 cells, 8-cetylcoptisine also inhibits cell viability of BGC-823, HepG2, HCT-116 and MDA-MB-231 cells ( Han et al., 2019 ). … Rhizoma aqueous extract in TRAIL-resistant A549 cells ( Chiang et al., 2018 ). As a potential anticancer agent for NSCLC, C. …

Mechanisms of IFNalpha-1a-Induced Apoptosis in a Laryngeal Cancer Cell Line.

BACKGROUND Interferon alpha (IFNalpha) exerts its anti-proliferative effect on many human cancers. Among the 13 subtypes of human IFNalpha, IFNalpha-1 subtype has 2 variants, named IFNalpha-1a and IFNalpha-1b, that differ from each other in only 1 amino acid, at residue 114. However, the mechanism by which IFNalpha-1a mediates growth inhibition is still unclear. MATERIAL AND METHODS Human laryngeal carcinoma HEp2 cells were treated with IFNalpha-1a by either transient transfection or exogenous delivery. Western blot and RT-PCR analysis were carried out to assess apoptotic pathways active in IF

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… Cell culture, transient transfection, and cell treatment The human laryngeal squamous cancer cell line HEp-2 cells, human embryonic kidney HEK293T cells, human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells, and human lung carcinoma A549 cells were obtained from the Cell Culture Center of the Basic Institute … To address this question directly, 3 human cell lines (transformed human embryotic kidney HEK293T cells, human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells, and human lung carcinoma A549 cells) were selected for the treatment of IFNalpha-1a. …

A Comprehensive Review on the Benefits and Problems of Curcumin with Respect to Human Health.

Curcumin is the most important active component in turmeric extracts. Curcumin, a natural monomer from plants has received a considerable attention as a dietary supplement, exhibiting evident activity in a wide range of human pathological conditions. In general, curcumin is beneficial to human health, demonstrating pharmacological activities of anti-inflammation and antioxidation, as well as antitumor and immune regulation activities. Curcumin also presents therapeutic potential in neurodegenerative, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. In this review article, we summarize the advancem

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… The mechanism of curcumin inhibiting the proliferation of human non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells and promoting apoptosis by up-regulating the expression of miR-15a/16 Chin. J. Geriatr. 2019 39 5615 5620 11. Dong X.D. Mu S.H. … Curcumin inhibits proliferation and enhances apoptosis in A549 cells by downregulating lncRNA UCA1 Pharmazie 2018 73 402 407 30001775 10.1691/ph.2018.8402 30. Yu H. Xie Y. Zhou Z. Wu Z. Dai X. Xu B. Curcumin Regulates the Progression of Colorectal Cancer via LncRNA NBR2/AMPK Pathway Technol. …

Anti-Cancer Research Progress of Triptolide: Mechanisms of Action, Structural Modifications, Nanodelivery Systems and Clinical Challenges.

Triptolide is a bioactive diterpenoid lactone from traditional Chinese medicine with notable anti-tumor, immunosuppressive, and anti-inflammatory properties. However, its clinical utility is hampered by poor solubility, a narrow therapeutic index, and multi-organ toxicity. In response, extensive efforts have been made to improve its efficacy and safety profile. This review critically examines recent progress in Triptolide research, covering its mechanisms of action, derivative design, drug delivery systems, and cancer-specific applications. It also evaluates its clinical potential against panc

Next-Generation HDAC Inhibitors: Advancing Zinc-Binding Group Design for Enhanced Cancer Therapy.

Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are pivotal epigenetic regulators that control gene expression, cell proliferation, and differentiation, and their dysregulation is closely associated with the onset and progression of multiple cancers. The therapeutic importance of these enzymes is reflected by FDA approval of HDAC inhibitors for oncology indications. Despite this clinical success, most FDA-approved agents employ conventional zinc-binding groups (ZBGs) such as hydroxamic acid and 2-aminoanilide, which are frequently linked to metabolic instability, genotoxicity, and poor pharmacokinetic behavior.

Efficacy of Polymer-Based Nanocarriers for Co-Delivery of Curcumin and Selected Anticancer Drugs.

Cancer remains a heavy health burden resulting in a high rate of mortality around the world. The presently used anticancer drugs suffer from several shortcomings, such as drug toxicity, poor biodegradability and bioavailability, and poor water solubility and drug resistance. Cancer is treated effectively by combination therapy whereby two or more anticancer drugs are employed. Most of the combination chemotherapies result in a synergistic effect and overcome drug resistance. Furthermore, the design of polymer-based nanocarriers for combination therapy has been reported by several researchers t

Parasites' immunomodulators: a breakthrough in immunotherapeutics displaying antineoplastic activity against human colorectal and hepatocellular carcinoma cells.

The complex interplay between parasites and cancer is yielding promising advances in the field of cancer therapeutics. This study explored the in vitro anti-cancer potential of parasite immunomodulators (antigens and antibodies) of Schistosoma mansoni, Trichinella spiralis, and Toxoplasma gondii on human HT-29 colorectal and HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cells using the MTT assay. Results revealed that those parasites' immunomodulators exhibited antineoplastic activity and demonstrated a statistically significant inhibition of both cancer cell lines' proliferation (P ˂0.05). Notably, Trichine

Organelle-oriented nanomedicines in tumor therapy: Targeting, escaping, or collaborating?

Precise tumor therapy is essential for improving treatment specificity, enhancing efficacy, and minimizing side effects. Targeting organelles is a key strategy for achieving this goal and is a frontier research area attracting a considerable amount of attention. The concept of organelle targeting has a significant effect on the structural design of the nanodrugs employed. Most notably, the intricate interactions among different organelles in a tumor cell essentially create a unified system. Unfortunately, this aspect might have been somewhat overlooked when existing organelle-targeting nanodru

Recent Advances in Nanoparticle-Based Co-Delivery Systems for Cancer Therapy.

Cancer therapies have advanced tremendously throughout the last decade, yet multiple factors still hinder the success of the different cancer therapeutics. The traditional therapeutic approach has been proven insufficient and lacking in the suppression of tumor growth. The simultaneous delivery of multiple small-molecule chemotherapeutic drugs and genes improves the effectiveness of each treatment, thus optimizing efficacy and improving synergistic effects. Nanomedicines integrating inorganic, lipid, and polymeric-based nanoparticles have been designed to regulate the spatiotemporal release of

The potential anti-cancer effects of quercetin on blood, prostate and lung cancers: An update.

Cancer is caused by abnormal proliferation of cells and aberrant recognition of the immune system. According to recent studies, natural products are most likely to be effective at preventing cancer without causing any noticeable complications. Among the bioactive flavonoids found in fruits and vegetables, quercetin is known for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer properties. This review aims to highlight the potential therapeutic effects of quercetin on some different types of cancers including blood, lung and prostate cancers.

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… A previous study reported that quercetin could downregulate IL-6, STAT-3, Bcl2 activity, NF-kB expression, and upregulate the Annexin and the PI cell population through induction of mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis in A549 cells in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) ( 96 ) ( Figure 2 ). … The anti-cancer effect in A549 cell-bearing mice after once-daily oral administration of PMX/DCK-QCN-NE showed an inhibition and reduction of tumor growth and tumor mass compared with the oral PMX/DCK-NE and control groups ( 115 ). …

Combining Radiation Therapy with ALK Inhibitors in Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase-Positive Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC): A Clinical and Preclinical Overview.

Over the past years, the identification of genetic alterations in oncogenic drivers in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has significantly and favorably transformed the outcome of patients who can benefit from targeted therapies such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Among these genetic alterations, anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangements were discovered in 2007 and are present in 3-5% of patients with NSCLC. In addition, radiotherapy remains one of the cornerstones of NSCLC treatment. Moreover, improvements in the field of radiotherapy with the use of hypofractionated or ablative stereo

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… Combined therapy was even less efficient in inhibiting A549 cell growth than radiotherapy alone, suggesting a potential radioprotective effect of an ALK inhibitor on this cell line. … However, crizotinib only modestly sensitized A549 cells with photons (SER = 1.08 ( p ≤ 0.05)), whereas no significant difference was observed with carbon ions. …

Recent progress on the effects of microRNAs and natural products on tumor epithelial-mesenchymal transition.

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a biological process of phenotypic transition of epithelial cells that can promote physiological development as well as tissue healing and repair. In recent years, cancer researchers have noted that EMT is closely related to the occurrence and development of tumors. When tumor cells undergo EMT, they can develop enhanced migration and local tissue invasion abilities, which can lead to metastatic growth. Nevertheless, two researches in NATURE deny its necessity in specific tumors and that is discussed in this review. The degree of EMT and the detection

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… cells and increase the expression of transcription factors, including TWIST, SNAIL, and ZEB ( P <0.01). … Besides TGF-β1/Smad pathway, Chen et al 132 have verified that TGF-β induced EMT via PI3K/Akt/NF-κB/SNAIL pathway in lung cancer A549 cells, and luteolin could inhibit this pathway and then repressed migration of A549 cells. …

Recent advancement in the anticancer efficacy of the natural flavonoid scutellarin: a comprehensive review.

Scutellarin (SC), a natural flavonoid, has been expansively employed in treating innumerable inflammation-related diseases due to its antitumor, antiinflammatory, anticancer, and antioxidant potential. Scutellarin can inhibit significant inflammatory cell signaling pathways, comprisingPI3K/Akt, NF-κB, and MAPK, and while activating antioxidant-related pathways such as Nrf2 and ARE. Numerous reviews have outlined scutellarin's pharmacological effects and associated mechanisms in inflammation-related diseases. Several studies have elucidated the mechanisms of anticancer activity by inhibiting va

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… Zhang et al. examined anticancer activity of SC and reported a substantial reduction in cell viability and apoptosis activation in SC treated A549 cells. SC also facilitated caspase activation, intracellular ROS generation, and the TGF-β1/smad2 signaling pathway activation ( Figure 5 ). … Scutellarin-induced A549 cell apoptosis depends on activation of the transforming growth factor-β1/smad2/ROS/caspase-3 pathway . Open life Sci. 16 ( 1 ), 961 – 968 . 10.1515/biol-2021-0085 34568577 PMC8424968 Zhao H. Ming T. Tang S. Ren S. Yang H. Liu M. ( 2022 ). …

Gambogenic acid synergistically potentiates bortezomib-induced apoptosis in multiple myeloma.

Background: Although the introduction of protease inhibitor bortezomib (BTZ) and immunomodulatory agent lenalidomide has led to improved outcomes in patients with multiple myeloma (MM), the disease remains incurable. Gambogenic acid (GNA), a polyprenylated xanthone isolated from the traditional Chinese medicine gamboge, has been reported to have potent antitumor activity and can effectively inhibit the survival and proliferation of cancer. In this study, we hypothesized that GNA could synergistically potentiate BTZ-induced apoptosis of MM cells and that combining BTZ and GNA may provide a more

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… Gambogenic acid inhibits proliferation of A549 cells through apoptosis-inducing and cell cycle arresting. Biol Pharm Bull. 2010;33:415–20. doi: 10.1248/bpb.33.415. 17. Lin T, Fang Q, Peng D, Huang X, Zhu T, Luo Q. et al. … Synergistic effects of 5-fluorouracil and gambogenic acid on A549 cells: activation of cell death caused by apoptotic and necroptotic mechanisms via the ROS-mitochondria pathway. Biol Pharm Bull. 2014;37:1259–68. doi: 10.1248/bpb.b13-00972. 25. …

Comprehensive Review of Cyclamen: Development, Bioactive Properties, and Therapeutic Applications.

Plants are being researched as potential sources of novel drugs, which has led to a recent acceleration in the discovery of new bioactive compounds. Research on tissue culture technology for the synthesis and processing of plant compounds has skyrocketed, surpassing all expectations. These plants can be bought either raw or as extracts, where some of the chemicals are extracted by mashing the plant in water, alcohol, or another solvent. The use of herbal medicine may open new chances for reducing the onset of infections and treating different diseases including cancer. A perennial plant that b

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… In addition, the overexpression of miR-200c in A549 cells increased the expression of E-cadherin and decreased that of N-cadherin and vimentin. Consequently, lower ZEB1 expression in the A549 cell line was linked to members of the miR-200 family [ 85 ]. … cells ↓ number of A549 cells | [ 79 ] 5. …

The Most Competent Plant-Derived Natural Products for Targeting Apoptosis in Cancer Therapy.

Cancer is a challenging problem for the global health community, and its increasing burden necessitates seeking novel and alternative therapies. Most cancers share six basic characteristics known as "cancer hallmarks", including uncontrolled proliferation, refractoriness to proliferation blockers, escaping apoptosis, unlimited proliferation, enhanced angiogenesis, and metastatic spread. Apoptosis, as one of the best-known programmed cell death processes, is generally promoted through two signaling pathways, including the intrinsic and extrinsic cascades. These pathways comprise several compone

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… Celastrol induces apoptosis in non-small-cell lung cancer A549 cells through activation of mitochondria- and Fas/FasL-mediated pathways. Toxicol. In Vitro. 2011;25:1027–1032. doi: 10.1016/j.tiv.2011.03.023. 99. Li H.Y., Zhang J., Sun L.L., Li B.H., Gao H.L., Xie T., Zhang N., Ye Z.M. …

Эволюционно сохраненная созвездие функциональных резинов программирует реагирующую на вирус судьбу человека (эпи)генома.

Здоровье человека зависит от запутанной защитной клеточной реакции на микробные патогены, такие как вирусы. Несмотря на предпринятые значительные усилия, (эпи)геномические механизмы, используемые клетками человека для адаптации программ защитного генного экспрессия к микробным атакам, по-прежнему недостаточно изучены, главным образом из-за значительного отсутствия регистрации в vivo функциональных модулей резного регулирования (КРМ) генома человека. Здесь мы представляем реагирующую на вирус судьбу человека (эпи)генома, описываемого в наивных и инфицированных клетках функциональными геномами,

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… HeLa cells (ATCC, CCL-2 ™ ), MRC-5 cells (ATCC, CCL-171™), A549 cells (ATCC, CCL-185 ™ ), and NIH/3T3 cells (ATCC, CRL-1658 ™ ) were grown in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM) medium (Sigma–Aldrich). For MRC-5 cells, the medium was replaced at a ratio of 6/10 (v/v) every 2 days. …

MicroRNA‑145 promotes the apoptosis of leukemic stem cells and enhances drug‑resistant K562/ADM cell sensitivity to adriamycin via the regulation of ABCE1.

Leukemia is a type of cancer which originates in blood‑forming tissues. MicroRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) have been shown to be involved leukemogenesis. In the present study, following the gain‑ and loss‑function of miR‑145 and ATP‑binding cassette sub‑family E member 1 (ABCE1) in K562 cells and K562 adriamycin‑resistant cells (K562/ADM cells), the levels of multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1) and P‑glycoprotein (P‑gp) were measured. The viability of the K562 cells and K562/ADM cells treated with various concentrations of ADM, and cell sensitivity to ADM were measured. The apoptosis of stem cells w

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… Similarly, miR-145 expression has been shown to be significantly decreased in A549/cisplatin cells when compared with A549 cells ( 28 ). … ABCE1 has been found to be overexpressed in drug-resistant cancer cells, and ABCE1 silencing enhances the sensitivity of lung cancer A549 cells to 5-Fluorouracil ( 38 ). …