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Kidney Disease and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation.

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a potentially curative therapy for patients with hematologic malignancies and certain solid tumors and nonmalignant hematologic conditions. Both AKI and CKD occur commonly after HSCT and are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. AKI and CKD in this setting may result from direct effects of the transplant or be caused by pretransplant bone marrow conditioning regimens and/or nephrotoxic agents administered in the post-transplant period. In this article, we review the epidemiology, risk factors, etiologies, pathophysiology, diagnos

Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs as Modulators of Cation Channels: Fenamates Repurposing in Channelopathies.

Cationic ion channels are transmembrane proteins that regulate the flux of cations (potassium, sodium, and calcium) across cell membrane, playing a pivotal role in many cellular functions. Disruptions of their activity can lead to the so-called genetic or acquired channelopathies, a heterogeneous group of diseases that affect multiple human systems. Fenamates, a class of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, has recently emerged as modulators of cationic ion channels highlighting the possibility of their repurposing for the treatment ion channel-related disorders, such as channelopathies, chro

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… (Kir). [ 20 ] The discovery of new molecules targeting potassium channels is of great interest because of their numerous roles in human cells, including the repolarization of excitable cells (e.g., muscle and neuronal cells after an action potential), the maintenance of electrolyte homeostasis in nephrons …

Epidemiology, Clinical Data, and Management of Aseptic Abscess Syndrome: Review of Published Cases Outside France.

Aseptic abscess syndrome is a clinical entity that is being increasingly documented. Unfortunately, apart from the French registry, there are no other studies presenting collective data. In this review, we sought to analyze clinical and laboratory data from case reports published from the rest of the world. A total of 107 articles were found through our literature search in PubMed, Scopus, and Google, which contained 108 patients who met our eligibility criteria, including pediatric cases. The mean age at diagnosis was 39.1 years, and 54.6% of the patients were female. Cases were found affecti

A PRoliferation-Inducing Ligand (APRIL) in the Pathogenesis of Immunoglobulin A Nephropathy: A Review of the Evidence.

A PRoliferation-Inducing Ligand (APRIL), the thirteenth member of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily, plays a key role in the regulation of activated B cells, the survival of long-lived plasma cells, and immunoglobulin (Ig) isotype class switching. Several lines of evidence have implicated APRIL in the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy (IgAN). Globally, IgAN is the most common primary glomerulonephritis, and it can progress to end-stage kidney disease; yet, disease-modifying treatments for this condition have historically been lacking. The preliminary data in ongoing clinical trials indicate

IgA Nephropathy: Beyond the Half-Century.

In 1968, Jean Berger first introduced the medical world to IgA nephropathy (IgAN). Fifty-five years later, its pathogenesis is still unclear, but treatments such as renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors (RAAS-Is), tonsillectomies, and glucocorticoids are currently used worldwide. There have been great strides in the past 20 years since the discoveries of the specific dysregulation of mucosal immunity, galactose-deficient IgA1 (Gd-IgA1), and Gd-IgA1 immune complexes in patients with IgAN. According to these findings, a multi-hit hypothesis was developed, and this multi-hit hypothesis

Molecular imaging in oncology: Common PET/CT radiopharmaceuticals and applications.

PET/CT is a commonly used modality in cancer imaging, as it can help in diagnosis, staging and assessment of treatment response in many cancer types. A better understanding of the tumor microenvironment and identification of multiple selective targets are promoting further investigation into different radiotracers for diagnosis and therapy. In the past few decades many radiopharmaceuticals have emerged for specific oncologic indications providing superior detection rate than some morphologic modalities. The purpose of this review is to provide an update on the most current radiopharmaceuticals

Contribution of Population Pharmacokinetics of Glycopeptides and Antifungals to Dosage Adaptation in Paediatric Onco-hematological Malignancies: A Review.

The response to medications in children differs not only in comparison to adults but also between children of the different age groups and according to the disease. This is true for anti-infectives that are widely prescribed in children with malignancy. In the absence of pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic paediatric studies, dosage is frequently based on protocols adapted to adults. After a short presentation of the drugs, we reviewed the population pharmacokinetic studies available for glycopeptides (vancomycin and teicoplanin, n = 5) and antifungals (voriconazole, posaconazole, and amphotericin

Patient-Derived Tumor Organoids for Drug Repositioning in Cancer Care: A Promising Approach in the Era of Tailored Treatment.

Malignancies heterogeneity represents a critical issue in cancer care, as it often causes therapy resistance and tumor relapse. Organoids are three-dimensional (3D) miniaturized representations of selected tissues within a dish. Lately, organoid technology has been applied to oncology with growing success and Patients Derived Tumor Organoids (PDTOs) constitute a novel available tool which fastens cancer research. PDTOs are in vitro models of cancer, and importantly, they can be used as a platform to validate the efficacy of anti-cancer drugs. For that reason, they are currently utilized in cli

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… The same year, Schutgens and collaborators developed human primary kidney tubular epithelial organoids, named tubuloids, given their resemblance to nephrons. …

Nanoparticles for Effective Combination Therapy of Cancer.

Cancer continues to remains a major healthcare problem across the world despite strong translational research efforts towards tackling the disease. Surgery, when possible, along with radiation and chemotherapy continue to remain the mainstay of cancer treatment. Novel targeted therapies or biologics and immunotherapies have recently been approved to improve treatment efficacies while reducing collateral damage to normal, non-cancerous tissues. Combination therapies have shown better results than individual monotherapies in the clinic but often the improvements in therapeutic indices remain mar

Long-term outcomes of children after solid organ transplantation.

Solid organ transplantation has transformed the lives of many children and adults by providing treatment for patients with organ failure who would have otherwise succumbed to their disease. The first successful transplant in 1954 was a kidney transplant between identical twins, which circumvented the problem of rejection from MHC incompatibility. Further progress in solid organ transplantation was enabled by the discovery of immunosuppressive agents such as corticosteroids and azathioprine in the 1950s and ciclosporin in 1970. Today, solid organ transplantation is a conventional treatment with

Prognostic utility of Palliative Prognostic Index in advanced cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

ObjectivesTo evaluate the prognostic utility of Palliative Prognostic Index (PPI) scores in predicting the death of adults with advanced cancer.MethodsA systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted. Six databases were searched for articles published from inception till 16 February 2024. Observational studies reporting time-to-event outcomes of PPI scores used in any setting, timing and score cutoffs were eligible. Participants were adults with advanced cancer residing in any setting. Random effects meta-analysis was used to pool hazard, risk, or odds ratios. Findings were narratively syn

Patterns of Glomerular Injury: Histopathological Classification and Clinical Correlation.

Glomerular diseases represent a diverse group of conditions that significantly contribute to chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) worldwide. Understanding the histopathological patterns of glomerular injury is essential for accurate diagnosis, prognosis, and targeted therapy. This comprehensive review explores the morphologic, immunopathologic, and clinical characteristics of major glomerular disorders, including minimal change disease, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, membranous nephropathy, immunoglobulin A nephropathy, lupus nephritis, and others. Histological

Biotechnological Innovations from Ocean: Transpiring Role of Marine Drugs in Management of Chronic Disorders.

Marine drugs are abundant in number, comprise of a diverse range of structures with corresponding mechanisms of action, and hold promise for the discovery of new and better treatment approaches for the management of several chronic diseases. There are huge reserves of natural marine biological compounds, as 70 percent of the Earth is covered with oceans, indicating a diversity of chemical entities on the planet. The marine ecosystems are a rich source of bioactive products and have been explored for lead drug molecules that have proven to be novel therapeutic targets. Over the last 70 years, m

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… The destruction of other microstructures such as neurons, nephrons, and retina depicts the severity of the disease, highlighting its role in affecting nerves, kidney, and eyes. Several cardiovascular disorders and other conditions also occur upon the emergence of diabetes [ 45 ]. …

Assessment and monitoring of patients receiving chemotherapy for multiple myeloma: strategies to improve outcomes.

Improved understanding as to the biology of multiple myeloma (MM) and the bone marrow microenvironment has led to the development of new drugs to treat MM. This explosion of new and highly effective drugs has led to dramatic advances in the management of MM and underscores the need for supportive care. Impressive and deep response rates to chemotherapy, monoclonal antibodies, and small molecule drugs provide hope of a cure or prolonged remission for the majority of individuals. For most patients, long-term, continuous therapy is often required to suppress the malignant plasma cell clone, thus

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… amyloidosis are at a higher risk for renal insufficiency. 99 In patients with active MM, excess urinary light chains can overwhelm the proximal tubules as the level of light chain burden increases, hindering the kidneys’ ability to compensate, and combine with Tamm–Horsfall mucoprotein at the level of the nephrons …

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Guidelines for treatment of renal injury during cancer chemotherapy 2016.

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Биология и болезни крыс

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… The rat is also widely used as a model for investigating nephron transport in an in vivo micropuncture system, because of the presence of superficial nephrons in the renal cortex ( Vallon, 2009 ). …

Эффективность и безопасность терапии клеток CAR-T и биконкретных антител в повторной/отредактированной миеломе с повреждением ренальности: анализ пропенсиентности.

Иммунотерапия с перенаправкой Т, включая химериковую антигенную рецепторную терапию T-клеток (CAR-T) и биконкретные антитела (BSAbs), изменила лечение повторной/охлажденной миеломы (RRMMM). В то же время в ходе важнейших регистрационных испытаний, как правило, исключались пациенты с существенными почечными нарушениями (РИ), что создавало критический разрыв в данных о населении, в котором болезни почек 20-50% пациентов с диагнозом. Прямого сопоставления результатов по расчетному спектру широтной фильтрации (eGFR) для обоих вариантов не проводится.МЕТОДЫ: Мы провели ретроспективное когортное исс

The perioperative management of geriatric patients in transplantation surgery-clinical, immunological, and translational considerations.

Transplant surgery encompasses two primary branches: solid organ transplantation (SOT) and vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA). As the global population ages, elderly transplant patients become a more pressing clinical challenge. Elderly transplant recipients require specialized care that addresses their unique needs, including increased comorbidities and frailty. Despite the growing recognition of these challenges, there is a paucity of studies that synthesize the current knowledge on this patient cohort, from immunological changes over translational challenges to tailored clinic

Pathophysiological Roles of the CX3CL1-CX3CR1 Axis in Renal Disease, Cardiovascular Disease, and Cancer.

CX3CL1 and its unique receptor, CX3CR1, are leukocyte migration factors and are involved in the pathogenesis and progression of many inflammatory diseases and malignancies. The CX3CL1-CX3CR1 axis induces a variety of responses, including cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis resistance. CX3CL1 is a transmembrane protein, and proteolysis generates a soluble form. The membrane and soluble forms of CX3CL1 exhibit different functions, but both bind to the chemokine receptor CX3CR1. The CX3CL1-CX3CR1 axis is a chemokine system that has attracted attention not only as a therapeutic