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Primary tumours of the calcaneus.

The calcaneus is a rare location for the occurrence and development of primary tumour types. Clinicians are unfamiliar with calcaneal tumour types, which may result in a delay in diagnosis or a missed diagnosis, resulting in unnecessary morbidity and amputation. Heel pain and localized swelling of the ankle are the most common symptoms. X-ray is the first choice for a tentative diagnosis of a calcaneal tumour. The final diagnosis depends on a histological examination. The treatment of calcaneal tumour types varies depending on the Enneking system. The majority of patients with benign tumours h

IETA Ultrasonic Features Combined with GI-RADS Classification System and Tumor Biomarkers for Surveillance of Endometrial Carcinoma: An Innovative Study.

Objectives: We were the first to combine IETA ultrasonic features with GI-RADS and tumor biomarkers for the surveillance of endometrial carcinoma. The aim was to evaluate the efficacy of single IETA ultrasonography GI-RADS classification and combined tumor biomarkers in differentiating benign and malignant lesions in the uterine cavity and endometrium. Methods: A total of 497 patients with intrauterine and endometrial lesions who had been treated surgically between January 2017 and December 2021 were enrolled; all of them had undergone ultrasound examinations before surgery. We analyzed the co

Expanded transnasal approaches to the skull base in the Middle East: Where do we stand?

BACKGROUND: Endoscopic transnasal surgery has gained rapid global acceptance over the last two decades. The growing literature and understanding of anterior skull base endoscopic anatomy, in addition to new dedicated endoscopic instruments and tools, have helped to expand the use of the transnasal route in skull base surgery. OBJECTIVE: Report our early experience in expanded endoscopic transnasal surgery (EETS) and approach to skull base neoplasms. DESIGN: Descriptive, retrospective case series. SETTING: Major tertiary care center. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A retrospective case review was con

Parasites revive hope for cancer therapy.

Parasites have attained a life-long stigma of being detrimental organisms with deleterious outcomes. Yet, recently, a creditable twist was verified that can dramatically change our perception of those parasites from being a source of misery to millions of people to a useful anti-cancerous tool. Various parasites have shown promise to combat cancer in different experimental models, including colorectal, lung, and breast cancers, among others. Helminths and protozoan parasites, as well as their derivatives such as Echinococcus granulosus protein KI-1, Toxoplasma gondii GRA15II, and Trypanosoma c

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… fluid In vitro Induced apoptosis in C26 mouse colon cancer cells [ 71 ] Anti-hydatid cyst fluid antibodies Flow cytometry Reacted with antigens on CT26 mouse cancer colon cells [ 72 ] Human hydatid cyst fluid In vivo Protected against colon cancer growth both prophylactically and therapeutically [ 72 … Melanoma Parasite Type of study Antineoplastic activity References Echinococcus granulosus Hydatid cyst fluid, fraction of hydatid cyst fluid, alive protoscolices or their excretory–secretory antigen In vivo Inhibited melanoma cancer growth in C57/black mice [ 261 – 263 ] Hydatid cyst fluid (fertile/ …

Metastatic melanoma to the ovary in pregnancy: A case report.

Metastatic melanoma to the ovary is an uncommon presentation. We report a case of metastatic melanoma to the ovary that presented as a growing left adnexal mass during pregnancy and was thought to be benign by imaging and frozen section pathology. Here we discuss the challenges in radiologic and pathologic diagnosis, as well as considerations for the mother and newborn.

Emerging therapies for autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease with a focus on cAMP signaling.

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), with an estimated genetic prevalence between 1:400 and 1:1,000 individuals, is the third most common cause of end stage kidney disease after diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Over the last 3 decades there has been great progress in understanding its pathogenesis. This allows the stratification of therapeutic targets into four levels, gene mutation and polycystin disruption, proximal mechanisms directly caused by disruption of polycystin function, downstream regulatory and signaling pathways, and non-specific pathophysiologic processes sha

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… Fluid secretion into the cysts Fluid secretion into the cysts is driven by cAMP-dependent chloride secretion, involving the basolateral Na-K-Cl cotransporter (NKCC1) and the apical cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) chloride channel ( Sullivan et al., 1998 ; Grantham, 2003 ). … It is upregulated in the apical membrane of human cyst-lining cells and may be activated by ATP in the cyst fluid acting on P2Y receptors ( Buchholz et al., 2011b ). …

Chest and Mediastinum

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THE INFLUENCE OF AGE AND OF DURATION OF TREATMENT ON THE PRODUCTION AND REPAIR OF BONE LESIONS IN EXPERIMENTAL HYPERPARATHYROIDISM.

These studies have shown that the bones of guinea pigs given daily injections of parathormone from the age of 2 to 7 days to the age of 110 to 120 days, show relatively very little effect after receiving 20 units daily during the last 65 to 87 days of treatment. But it is probable that their bones underwent decalcification early in the treatment and that subsequently the parathormone, continued at the same dosage, did not maintain the effects on the bones. Healing finally occurred despite it. The bones of guinea pigs treated with intermittent injections of large doses of parathormone from the

BREAST

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Is a Resorbable Citrate-based Bioceramic Device Associated With Osseous Integration? An Early Retrospective MRI Analysis.

BACKGROUND: Bioresorbable fixation devices may be advantageous because they eliminate the question of whether they ought to be removed, have biomimetic qualities, and minimize artifacts seen on MRI. Most bioresorbable devices utilized during orthopaedic surgery consist of thermoplastic polymers derived from lactic and glycolic acids. These devices are linked to implant-related osteolysis, inflammation, and bone tunnel enlargement, and their integration with surrounding bone is inconsistent. Citregen®, a resorbable composite of a citrate-based thermoset polymer and hydroxyapatite, recently has

Acupoint application improves IVF outcomes and rescues granulosa cell steroid metabolic dysregulation in ovarian endometriosis.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Ovarian endometriosis (OE), characterized by endometriotic cysts, adversely affects ovarian function and comprises in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) outcomes. Acupoint application therapy (AAT), which integrates transdermal drug delivery with acupoint stimulation, may offer therapeutic benefits; however, its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. METHODS: In this randomized trial, 81 IVF-ET patients were stratified into: a treatment group comprising OE patients (n=27) undergoing a gonadotropin hormone-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist protocol with

Acute, subchronic and chronic safety studies with genistein in rats.

Genistein is a phytoestrogen that occurs naturally in the diet, especially in soy based foods. There is wide spread interest in phytoestrogens as chemopreventive agents for a variety of diseases and cancers based on epidemiologic evidence. Although soy, and its constituents such as genistein, have been consumed at high levels in several Asian populations without apparent adverse effects, concern has been raised about potential adverse effects due to the estrogenic and other activities. Safety studies with genistein were conducted in the Wistar rat including two acute studies, two subchronic (4

Radiolucent lesions of the mandible: a pattern-based approach to diagnosis.

ObjectivesRadiolucent mandibular lesions seen on panoramic radiographs develop from both odontogenic and non-odontogenic structures. They represent a broad spectrum of lesions with a varying degree of malignant potential. The purpose of this review is to illustrate the characteristic imaging findings-as well as the clinical and histological features-of common and uncommon radiolucent lesions of the mandible.MethodsThis review article is based on the retrospective evaluation of 11,725 panoramic radiographs seen in our institution during the past 6 years. It provides a comprehensive, practical a

Miscellaneous Spinal Cord Diseases

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TB AND OTHER CHEST INFECTIONS

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Pathological Fractures in Rare Bone Diseases: Clinical Cases.

Rare bone diseases, though uncommon, present significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges due to their clinical variability and overlapping symptoms with more prevalent conditions. This article describes a clinical case series of three patients with bone fragility fractures caused by rare bone diseases - primary hyperparathyroidism with brown tumor, Gorham-Stout disease, and alkaptonuria - treated at the Department of Orthopedic and Traumatology of Pisa University Hospital between 2018 and 2023. Each case highlights the diagnostic complexities, including inconclusive biopsies, nonspecific

Coexistence of Autoantibodies against the Golgi Complex and Ro52 Antigen in a Patient with Nonspecific Interstitial Pneumonia.

Nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) is often associated with connective tissue diseases (CTD). The diagnosis of NSIP was confirmed in a 63-year-old man by high-resolution computed tomography and an open lung biopsy. Anti-Golgi complex autoantibodies (AGA) and anti-Ro52 antibodies were simultaneously detected at high concentrations. Autoantibodies to aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARS) were negative. The patient was treated with corticosteroids for six months. During the seven-year follow-up, NSIP had a slow progression and patient had not developed the clinical features of CTD. The present

Imaging Evaluation of Bone Tumors in the Cervical Spine: A Comprehensive Review.

The cervical spine, a critical junction between the head and torso, is a rare but significant site for both primary and metastatic tumors. While primary tumors of the cervical spine are uncommon, certain types, such as chordomas and giant cell tumors, are particularly notable for their potential to affect this region. Metastatic lesions, although more frequent, present unique diagnostic and therapeutic challenges due to the complex anatomy of the cervical spine. Imaging is indispensable for the evaluation of cervical spine tumors, serving as the foundation for diagnosis, treatment planning, an

Tumoral parkinsonism-Parkinsonism secondary to brain tumors, paraneoplastic syndromes, intracranial malformations, or oncological intervention, and the effect of dopaminergic treatment.

INTRODUCTION: Secondary tumoral parkinsonism is a rare phenomenon that develops as a direct or indirect result of brain neoplasms or related conditions. OBJECTIVES: The first objective was to explore to what extent brain neoplasms, cavernomas, cysts, paraneoplastic syndromes (PNSs), and oncological treatment methods cause parkinsonism. The second objective was to investigate the effect of dopaminergic therapy on the symptomatology in patients with tumoral parkinsonism. METHODS: A systematic literature review was conducted in the databases PubMed and Embase. Search terms like "secondary parki

Multiple cystic lung disease.

Multiple cystic lung disease represents a diverse group of uncommon disorders that can present a diagnostic challenge due to the increasing number of diseases associated with this presentation. High-resolution computed tomography of the chest helps to define the morphological aspects and distribution of lung cysts, as well as associated findings. The combination of appearance upon imaging and clinical features, together with extrapulmonary manifestations, when present, permits confident and accurate diagnosis of the majority of these diseases without recourse to open-lung biopsy. The main dise