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Doxorubicin-induced neurotoxicity differently affects the hippocampal formation subregions in adult mice.

Doxorubicin (DOX) is an anthracycline used to treat a wide range of tumours. Despite its effectiveness, it is associated with a long range of adverse effects, of which cognitive deficits stand out. The present study aimed to assess the neurologic adverse outcome pathways of two clinically relevant cumulative doses of DOX. Adult male CD-1 mice received biweekly intraperitoneal administrations for 3 weeks until reaching cumulative doses of 9 mg/kg (DOX9) or 18 mg/kg (DOX18). Animals were euthanized one week after the last administration, and biomarkers of oxidative stress and brain metabolism we

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… The role of the metabolism of anticancer drugs in their induced-cardiotoxicity. Curr. Drug Metabol. 2015;17(1):75–90. doi: 10.2174/1389200216666151103114926. 14. Ohnishi T., Tamai I., Sakanaka K., Sakata A., Yamashima T., Yamashita J., et al. … Osteocrin attenuates inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and cardiac dysfunction in doxorubicin‐induced cardiotoxicity. Clin. Transl. Med. 2020;10(3):e124. doi: 10.1002/ctm2.124. 61. Renault T.T., Manon S.J.B. Bax: addressed to kill. …

The dark side of immunotherapy.

Immunotherapy has broadened the therapeutic scope and response for many cancer patients with drugs that are generally of higher efficacy and less toxicity than prior therapies. Multiple classes of immunotherapies such as targeted antibodies and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), cell-based immunotherapies, immunomodulators, vaccines, and oncolytic viruses have been developed to help the immune system target and destroy malignant tumors. ICI targeting programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) or its ligand (PD-L1) are among the most effective immunotherapy agents and are a major focus of current

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… Immune-mediated myocarditis is the most common type of cardiotoxicity occurring with immunotherapy. Although the incidence is low partly due to under-recognition, the cardiovascular-specific mortality rate is relatively high and varies with different therapies. … In patients who developed cardiotoxicity, the cardiovascular-specific mortality was 12% in patients receiving nivolumab monotherapy, 19% in pembrolizumab monotherapy cohorts, and 65% in combined CTLA-4 and PD-1 blockade (ipilimumab and nivolumab combination) ( 40 ). …

The Anti-Cancer Effect of Cinnamon Aqueous Extract: A Focus on Hematological Malignancies.

Cinnamon is an evergreen and tropical plant of the family Lauraceae, growing particularly in Sri Lanka, whose aqueous extract has been tested in different studies to evaluate its possible use as an anti-cancer compound. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments seem to confirm that it acts on various cellular pathways, contributing to down-regulating the activity of molecules that stimulate the proliferation and survival of cells such as the transcription factors NF-KB and AP-1, COX-2, dihydrofolate reductase and pro-angiogenic substances such as VEGF, while up-regulating the function of immune ce

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… Regulated cell death pathways in doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity Cell Death Dis. 2021 12 339 10.1038/s41419-021-03614-x 33795647 PMC8017015 107. Tadokoro T. Ikeda M. Ide T. Deguchi H. Ikeda S. Okabe K. Ishikita A. Matsushima S. Koumura T. Yamada K.-I. … Mitochondria-dependent ferroptosis plays a pivotal role in doxorubicin cardiotoxicity J. Clin. Investig. 2020 5 e132747 10.1172/jci.insight.132747 32376803 PMC7253028 108. Yahfoufi N. Alsadi N. Jambi M. Matar C. …

High dose and hepatobiliary dysfunction are associated with hand-foot syndrome in patients with lymphoma using pegylated liposomal doxorubicin: a retrospective study.

PURPOSE: In clinical practice, the risk factors for pegylated liposomal doxorubicin-related hand-foot syndrome remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to determine the risk factors associated with hand-foot syndrome in patients with lymphoma using pegylated liposomal doxorubicin. METHODS: This retrospective descriptive analysis included patients with lymphoma who received PLD treatment (≥ 2 cycles of chemotherapy) at our cancer centre and had complete follow-up data from January 2016 to February 2020. Clinical, laboratory data, as well as the occurrence of hand-foot syndrome (incidence,

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… The ability of PLD to reduce many of the adverse side effects of doxorubicin (including reducing cardiotoxicity) is now clear, but the subsequent emergence of special adverse reactions (such as hypersensitivity, mucositis, and hand-foot syndrome) has undoubtedly added to clinicians’ concerns about the … Reduced cardiotoxicity and comparable efficacy in a phase III trial of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin HCl (CAELYX/Doxil) versus conventional doxorubicin forfirst-line treatment of metastatic breast cancer. Ann Oncol. 2004;15(3):440–449. doi: 10.1093/annonc/mdh097. 11. …

Emerging and underexplored ginsenosides in cancer therapy (2020-2025): Beyond cytotoxic mechanisms.

Ginsenosides from Panax plants have long been studied as potential anticancer agents. In earlier years, most research focused on a few well-known ginsenosides that showed strong direct cytotoxicity, such as Rg3 and Rh2. As a result, many other ginsenosides were considered less active and received limited attention. However, studies published between 2020 and 2025 indicate that several previously underexplored ginsenosides also exhibit meaningful anticancer activity. These compounds often do not function as strongly cytotoxic agents. Instead, they act through broader and more indirect mechanism

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… Several ginsenosides also improve chemotherapy sensitivity or reduce treatment-related toxicities, including cardiotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and gastrointestinal injury. … Rg1 enables the formation of self-assembled Dox@Rg1 nanoparticles, which improve tumor-targeted drug delivery and significantly attenuate doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity by suppressing cardiomyocyte apoptosis. …

Prodrugs in Oncology: Bioactivation and Impact on Therapeutic Efficacy and Toxicity.

A prodrug is a molecule that lacks pharmacological activity, but upon enzymatic bioactivation, it can generate a therapeutically active molecule. The primary reason behind the design of a prodrug is to help circumvent challenges associated with the physicochemical properties of a drug molecule, such as solubility, absorption, distribution, and instability. Chemotherapy has been at the forefront of cancer treatment for over 70 years due to its ability to target rapidly proliferating tumor cells. However, a major concern with conventional chemotherapy is the lack of selectivity and its associate

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… The incidence of CPA-related cardiotoxicity varies between 7 and 28% [ 27 ]. CPA-induced cardiotoxicity is dose dependent, where a dose greater than 150 mg/kg usually results in cardiac damage. … Molecular mechanism involved in cyclophosphamide-induced cardiotoxicity: Old drug with a new vision Life Sci. 2019 218 112 131 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.12.018 30552952 28. Boussios S. Pentheroudakis G. Katsanos K. Pavlidis N. …

Nanoparticles and bone microenvironment: a comprehensive review for malignant bone tumor diagnosis and treatment.

Malignant bone tumors, which are difficult to treat with current clinical strategies, originate from bone tissues and can be classified into primary and secondary types. Due to the specificity of the bone microenvironment, the results of traditional means of treating bone tumors are often unsatisfactory, so there is an urgent need to develop new treatments for malignant bone tumors. Recently, nanoparticle-based approaches have shown great potential in diagnosis and treatment. Nanoparticles (NPs) have gained significant attention due to their versatility, making them highly suitable for applica

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… However, while it effectively kills tumor cells, it also causes significant adverse effects, including myelosuppression, cardiotoxicity, and gastrointestinal toxicity. Notably, its cardiotoxicity is dose-dependent, which limits its clinical use. … Moreover, PLD significantly reduced the incidence of febrile neutropenia (FN), alopecia, and cardiotoxicity compared to ADM. …

Autophagic mechanisms in longevity intervention: role of natural active compounds.

The term 'autophagy' literally translates to 'self-eating' and alterations to autophagy have been identified as one of the several molecular changes that occur with aging in a variety of species. Autophagy and aging, have a complicated and multifaceted relationship that has recently come to light thanks to breakthroughs in our understanding of the various substrates of autophagy on tissue homoeostasis. Several studies have been conducted to reveal the relationship between autophagy and age-related diseases. The present review looks at a few new aspects of autophagy and speculates on how they m

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… with H9c2 cells Autophagy inhibition Decreases p-AMPK and p-mTORC2 (Ref. 179 ) Alkaloids Berberine in vivo Constriction of abdominal aorta (CAA)-induced yyocardial hypertrophy Autophagy induction Reduces LncRNA MIAT expression (Ref. 180 ) Diterpenoids Tanshinone IIA in vivo Doxorubicin (DOX)-induced cardiotoxicity … cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis | Autophagy inhibition | Activates mTOR | (Ref. 195 ) Senevol glycosides | Allicin | in vivo | Pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy | Autophagy inhibition | Activates PI3K/Akt/mTOR and MAPK/ERK/mTOR | (Ref. 196 ) Stilbenes | Resveratrol | in vivo | DOX-induced cardiotoxicity …

Chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma: efficacy and mode of action.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a dreaded malignancy that every year causes half a million deaths worldwide. Being an aggressive cancer, its incidence exceeds 700,000 new cases per year worldwide with a median survival of 6-8 months. Despite advances in prognosis and early detection, effective HCC chemoprevention or treatment strategies are still lacking, therefore its dismal survival rate remains largely unchanged. This review will characterize currently available chemotherapeutic drugs used in the treatment of HCC. The respective mode(s) of action, side effects and recommendations will be

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… Unlike other anthraquinone derivatives, MX has a lower cardiotoxic effect probably because it does not reduce semiquinone (resulted from quinone reduction in the cardiocytes) that interacts with oxygen to produce free radicals. 134 Epirubicin Epirubicin hydrochloride is a semisynthetic anthracycline … Nohl H Gille L Staniek K The exogenous NADH dehydrogenase of heart mitochondria is the key enzyme responsible for selective cardiotoxicity of anthracyclines . Z Naturforsch C 1998 ; 53 : 279 - 85 . 9618942 10.1515/znc-1998-3-419 128. …

Safety of solid oncology drugs in older patients: a narrative review.

The older population represents ∼50%-60% of the population of newly diagnosed patients with cancer. Due to physiological and pathological aging and the increased presence of comorbidities and frailty factors, this population is at higher risk of serious toxicity from anticancer drugs and, consequently, often under-treated. Despite the complexity of these treatments, a good knowledge of the pharmacology of anticancer drugs and potentially risky situations can limit the emergence of potentially lethal toxicities in this population. This review focuses on optimizing systemic oncology treatments f

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… Anticancer drug | Risk in the geriatric population, at-risk populations | Therapeutic attitudes in the older and at-risk subpopulations | Refs Chemotherapy | | | Doxorubicin | - High blood pressure and age increase the risk of cardiotoxicity - Risk of non-cardiac AE increased but not directly related … Trastuzumab-related cardiotoxicity among older patients with breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2013;31(33):4222–4228. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2013.48.7884. 62. Dall P., Lenzen G., Göhler T., et al. …

The Potential Role of Sildenafil in Cancer Management through EPR Augmentation.

Enhanced permeation retention (EPR) was a significant milestone discovery by Maeda et al. paving the path for the emerging field of nanomedicine to become a powerful tool in the fight against cancer. Sildenafil is a potent inhibitor of phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE-5) used for the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED) through the relaxation of smooth muscles and the modulation of vascular endothelial permeability. Overexpression of PDE-5 has been reported in lung, colon, metastatic breast cancers, and bladder squamous carcinoma. Moreover, sildenafil has been reported to increase the sensitivity of

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… The treatment continued until 2 weeks after the last scheduled dose of DOX and multiple biomarkers for cardiotoxicity were measured [ 76 ]. … It is very clear that most of the clinical trials focused on using sildenafil as a chemoadjuvant to reverse side effects associated with chemotherapy such as ED or cardiotoxicity. …

Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery System: A Patient-Friendly Chemotherapy for Oncology.

Chemotherapy is widely used to treat cancer. The toxic effect of conventional chemotherapeutic drugs on healthy cells leads to serious toxic and side effects of conventional chemotherapy. The application of nanotechnology in tumor chemotherapy can increase the specificity of anticancer agents, increase the killing effect of tumors, and reduce toxic and side effects. Currently, a variety of formulations based on nanoparticles (NPs) for delivering chemotherapeutic drugs have been put into clinical use, and several others are in the stage of development or clinical trials. In this review, after b

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… BioMed Res Int . 2013 ; 2013 : 1 – 7 . 10.1155/2013/710502 PMC3683435 23862153 23 Shaikh AY Shih JA Chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity . … Cardiotoxicity of doxorubicin is mediated through mitochondrial iron accumulation . J Clin Invest . 2014 ; 124 ( 2 ): 617 – 630 . 24382354 10.1172/JCI72931 PMC3904631 80 Liang K Chen H Protein-based nanoplatforms for tumor imaging and therapy . …

Риск сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний у выживших жертв рака: групповое исследование 446,384 Новозеландские пациенты первичной медико-санитарной помощи.

С учетом успехов, достигнутых в борьбе с раком, все более важное значение приобретает то, чтобы врачи должным образом контролировали риск сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний (КВД) среди выживших жертв рака. Неясно, увеличивается ли риск CVD среди выживших жертв рака в целом, и на сегодняшний день существуют несоответствия в данных о частотности CVD и смертности в разбивке по типам раковых заболеваний. МЕТОДЫ: Пациенты пожилого возраста 30-74 годы, поступившие в открытое когортное исследование на момент первой оценки риска CVD, в период между 2004 и 2018, в системе первичной медико-санитарной помощ

CardioMEMS guided heart failure management in cardio-oncology patients: a tertiary care cancer center experience.

AimsCancer patients and survivors are at increased risk of developing heart failure (HF) and heart failure hospitalization (HFH). Yet, the utilization of wireless pulmonary artery pressure sensing devices (PAPSD), like CardioMEMS, in this group is limited.ObjectivesWe aimed to explore the utilization of CardioMEMS in managing HF among oncology patients.MethodsWe conducted a single-center retrospective study reviewing consecutive patients implanted with the CardioMEMS device between November 11, 2015, and February 21, 2023. We analyzed the device's impact on pulmonary artery pressures and HFH u

Quality of life assessment in cancer patients receiving single-agent versus multidrug chemotherapy protocols.

BackgroundQuality of life (QoL) is an essential factor in therapeutic decision-making for human patients and is commonly used as an endpoint in clinical trials of cancer treatments.AimTo compare owners' perception of QoL in canine and feline patients affected by different tumor histotypes treated with single-agent or multidrug protocols.MethodsOwners were asked to assess the impact on QoL of their pets undergoing chemotherapy treatment by answering a questionnaire and assigning a score to different health-related parameters reported to affect QoL.ResultsQuestionnaires of 101 patients (85 dogs

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… AEs were divided into three categories: gastrointestinal, hematological, and miscellaneous (hepatotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, and lethargy), and were rated using the Veterinary Co-operative Oncology Group (VCOG) scale ( VCOG-CTCAE, 2016 ). … (49%) developed hematological toxicity, including 22 (76%) neutropenic events (41% Grade 1, 32% Grade 2, 18% Grade 3, and 9% Grade 4), 7 (24%) thrombocytopenic events (14% Grade 1, 44% Grade 2, 14% Grade 3, 14% Grade 4, and14% Grade 5); 2 dogs (3%) developed hepatotoxicity (Grade 2), 1 dog (2%) had cardiotoxicity …

Pegylated Liposomal Doxorubicin in Vindesine-Based and Bortezomib-Based Regimens for Patients With Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma: A Retrospective Study of Efficacy and Safety.

PurposeAlthough pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) has been approved in combination with bortezomib for relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (MM), the antitumor efficacy and tolerability of PLD in different regimens for patients with newly diagnosed MM (NDMM) have not been fully defined.MethodsA total of 249 NDMM patients diagnosed between January 2008 and October 2019 were included in this retrospective study. Among them, 112 patients received vindesine-based chemotherapy (35 vDD and 77 vAD) and 137 received bortezomib-based chemotherapy (58 VDD and 79 VD).ResultsIn bortezomib-containing r

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… Adverse events | VD (n = 79) | VDD (n = 58) | P-value Hematologic events (Grade 3/4) | 14 (17.7%) | 23 (39.7%) | 0.004 Neutropenia | 2 (2.5%) | 9 (15.5%) | 0.006 Thrombocytopenia | 8 (10.1%) | 11 (19.0%) | 0.139 Anemia | 4 (5.1%) | 3 (5.2%) | 0.977 Cardiotoxicity | 8 (10.1%) | 4 (6.9%) | 0.509 Arrhythmia … Adverse events | vAD (n = 77) | vDD (n = 35) | P-value Hematologic events (Grade 3/4) | 16 (20.8%) | 12 (34.3%) | 0.126 Neutropenia | 11(14.3%) | 11 (31.4%) | 0.034 Thrombocytopenia | 2 (2.6%) | 1 (2.9%) | 0.937 Anemia | 3 (3.9%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.237 Cardiotoxicity | 8 (10.4%) | 5 (14.3%) | 0.551 Arrhythmia …

Incidence of Arrhythmias and Their Prognostic Value in Patients With Multiple Myeloma.

Background: Arrhythmias are common cardiovascular complications in multiple myeloma (MM) patients and are related to a poor prognosis. Objective: This study aimed to assess the burden of arrhythmias and their prognostic value in patients with MM. Methods: This was a retrospective study of patients with MM between January 2015 and April 2020 at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University. The incidence of arrhythmia and associated risk factors were evaluated. The relationship between the type of arrhythmia and survival was analyzed. Results: A total of 319 patients with MM were i

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… Many factors, including comorbidities, cardiac function, organ dysfunction and various cardiotoxic chemotherapeutics, can increase the incidence of arrhythmia. … Early detection of anthracycline cardiotoxicity and improvement with heart failure therapy. Circulation. (2015) 131:1981–8. 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.013777 36. Kilickap S, Barista I, Akgul E, Aytemir K, Aksoy S, Tekuzman G. Early and late arrhythmogenic effects of doxorubicin. …

Timeline of Translational Formulation Technologies for Cancer Therapy: Successes, Failures, and Lessons Learned Therefrom.

Over the past few decades, the field of cancer therapy has seen a significant change in the way in which formulations are designed and developed, resulting in more efficient products that allow us to ultimately achieve improved drug bioavailability, efficacy, and safety. However, although many formulations have entered the market, many others have fallen by the wayside leaving the scientific community with several lessons to learn. The successes (and failures) achieved with formulations that have been approved in Europe and/or by the FDA for the three major types of cancer therapy (peptide-bas

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… The main inconvenience of this type of treatment is the nonspecific distribution and inability to exclusively target cancer cells, which account for their side effects, such as gastrointestinal tract lesions, a compromised immune system, hair loss, nausea, and cardiotoxicity. … Liposomal doxorubicin also reduces the risk of suffering from cardiotoxicity, a broadly acknowledged dose-limiting side effect of free doxorubicin [ 46 , 47 ]. …

Micronutrients in Oncological Intervention.

Nutritional supplements are widely used among patients with cancer who perceive them to be anticancer and antitoxicity agents. Depending on the type of malignancy and the gender 30%-90% of the cancer patients supplement their diets with antioxidant and immuno-stabilizing micronutrients, such as selenium, vitamin C, and vitamin D, often without the knowledge of the treating physician. From the oncological viewpoint, there are justifiable concerns that dietary supplements decrease the effectiveness of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Recent studies, however, have provided increasing evidence that

In-Hospital Mortality Among Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Pericardiocentesis for Pericardial Effusion with and Without Malignancy.

Background: Despite the high prevalence of malignant pericardial effusions (MPEs), the differences in mortality between those undergoing pericardiocentesis for MPE versus non-malignancy pericardial effusions (NMPEs) are not well characterized. To address this knowledge gap, we aim to compare clinical outcomes following pericardiocentesis among patients with MPE and NMPE. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on the US National Inpatient Sample (NIS) to identify all hospitalizations during which pericardiocentesis was performed between 1 January 2016 and 31 December 2020 (total n = 17

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… With the emerging role of immunotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of various malignancies, it is important to recognize potential cardiotoxicities, including pericardial disease. … Navigating Cardiotoxicity in Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: From Diagnosis to Long-Term Management. J. Cardiovasc. Dev. Dis. 2025;12:270. doi: 10.3390/jcdd12070270. 25. Hu J.-R., Florido R., Lipson E.J., Naidoo J., Ardehali R., Tocchetti C.G., Lyon A.R., Padera R.F., Johnson D.B., Moslehi J. …