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Role of phytoconstituents in the management of COVID-19.

BackgroundCOVID-19, a severe global pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has emerged as one of the most threatening transmissible disease. As a great threat to global public health, the development of treatment options has become vital, and a rush to find a cure has mobilized researchers globally from all areas.Scope and approachThis review focuses on deciphering the potential of different secondary metabolites from medicinal plants as therapeutic options either as inhibitors of therapeutic targets of SARS-CoV-2 or as blockers of viral particles entry

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… Similarly, triterpene saponin from Anagallis arvensis showed antiviral activity against HSV1 and poliovirus 2 [ 158 ]. Saikosaponins are triterpene saponin glycosides that have been reported having effective antiviral activity against coronavirus HCoV-229E. …

Внеклеточные нуклеотиды являются посредником в вирусных инфекциях центральной нервной системы: ключи от нейроинфламмации и нейродегенерации.

Недавний рост инфекционных заболеваний, затрагивающих центральную нервную систему, вызвал обеспокоенность по поводу их роли в нейроинфламмации и нейродегенерации. Вирусные патогены или их продукты могут вторгаться в центральную нервную систему и вызывать повреждения, ведущие к менингиту, энцефалиту, менингоэнцефалиту, миелиту или постинфекционным демиелинизирующим заболеваниям. Хотя изначально нейроинфламмация имеет защитную функцию, хроническое воспаление может способствовать развитию нейродегенеративных заболеваний. Такие механизмы, как агрегация белков и клеточные расстройства, связаны с ко

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… These viruses can be classified based on their interaction with the nervous system as either classically neurotropic, such as rabies virus, herpes simplex virus (HSV), poliovirus, and Japanese encephalitis virus, which frequently infect neural tissues and cause neurological diseases, or occasionally …

Biological response modifiers and infectious diseases: actual and potential therapeutic agents.

Biological response modifiers (BRMs) are agents which can modify the immune response to cancer or invasion of the organism by infectious agents. An explosive appearance of new BRMs has resulted from the development of recombinant gene technology and the availability of monoclonal antibodies. Colony-stimulating factors first became available for the prevention of neutropenia but may also have a role in the treatment of infections. Interleukin-1 is being tested as a modular of hematopoiesis and may be useful as a helper factor for T- and B-cell function. Immunoglobulins are being used against vi

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… Monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibody vaccines against poliovirus, canine parvovirus and rabies virus. Methods Enzymol. 1989;178:375–390. doi: 10.1016/0076-6879(89)78028-9. 177. Zaghouani H., Goldstein D., Shah H. Vol. 88. 1991. …

Identification of broad anti-coronavirus chemical agents for repurposing against SARS-CoV-2 and variants of concern.

Endemic human coronaviruses (hCoVs) 229E and OC43 cause respiratory disease with recurrent infections, while severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV-2 spreads across the world with impact on health and societies. Here, we report an image-based multicycle infection procedure with α-coronavirus hCoV-229E-eGFP in an arrayed chemical library screen of 5440 clinical and preclinical compounds. Toxicity counter selection and challenge with the β-coronaviruses OC43 and SARS-CoV-2 in tissue culture and human airway epithelial explant cultures (HAEEC) identified four FDA-approved compounds with ora

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… Ro 48–8071 is a potent inhibitor of oxidosqualene cyclase (OSC) which catalyzes the conversion of monooxidosqualene to lanosterol ( Morand et al., 1997 ), and could interfere with positive-strand RNA viruses, including hepatitis C virus ( Romero-Brey et al., 2012 ), poliovirus ( Belov et al., 2012 ), … Complex dynamic development of poliovirus membranous replication complexes. J. Virol. 2012;86(1):302–312. doi: 10.1128/JVI.05937-11. Bojadzic D., Alcazar O., Buchwald P. …

Oncolytic virotherapy as emerging immunotherapeutic modality: potential of parvovirus h-1.

Human tumors develop multiple strategies to evade recognition and efficient suppression by the immune system. Therefore, a variety of immunotherapeutic strategies have been developed to reactivate and reorganize the human immune system. The recent development of new antibodies against immune check points may help to overcome the immune silencing induced by human tumors. Some of these antibodies have already been approved for treatment of various solid tumor entities. Interestingly, targeting antibodies may be combined with standard chemotherapy or radiation protocols. Furthermore, recent evide

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… These include Parvovirus, Adenovirus, Vesicular Stomatitis Virus, Reovirus, NDV, Measles Virus, Seneca Valley Virus, Poliovirus, and Coxsackie Virus (Table 1 ). Table 1 Oncolytic viruses . Oncolytic viruses in clinical trials (ds, double stranded; ss, single stranded) . …

Drug resistance and tumor immune microenvironment: An overview of current understandings (Review).

The use of antitumor drugs represents a reliable strategy for cancer therapy. Unfortunately, drug resistance has become increasingly common and contributes to tumor metastasis and local recurrence. The tumor immune microenvironment (TME) consists of immune cells, cytokines and immunomodulators, and collectively they influence the response to treatment. Epigenetic changes including DNA methylation and histone modification, as well as increased drug exportation have been reported to contribute to the development of drug resistance in cancers. In the past few years, the majority of studies on tum

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… The poliovirus receptor (PVR/CD155), is a ligand that activates the NK receptor DNAM-1, and CAFs can suppress PVR expression on the cell surface, thereby inhibiting the eliminating activity of NK cells ( 175 ). …

Non-viral approaches in CAR-NK cell engineering: connecting natural killer cell biology and gene delivery.

Natural Killer (NK) cells are exciting candidates for cancer immunotherapy with potent innate cytotoxicity and distinct advantages over T cells for Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) therapy. Concerns regarding the safety, cost, and scalability of viral vectors has ignited research into non-viral alternatives for gene delivery. This review comprehensively analyses recent advancements and challenges with non-viral genetic modification of NK cells for allogeneic CAR-NK therapies. Non-viral alternatives including electroporation and multifunctional nanoparticles are interrogated with respect to CAR

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… NCRs | [ 30 ] DNAM-1 | Activating receptor | CD112, CD155 | Recognition of CD112 (Nectin-2) and CD155 (Poliovirus receptor PVR) on tumour cells. Expressed on NK cells, T cells and monocytes. … joining Natural killer Nuclear localisation signals Peptide-assisted genome editing Peripheral blood PiggyBac Peripheral blood mononuclear cells Proliferating cell nuclear antigen Programmed cell death protein Platelet-derived growth factor-DD Phytohemagglutinin Pattern recognition receptor Poliovirus …

Bortezomib in the management of multiple myeloma.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a B-cell malignancy characterized by clonal expansion of plasma cells within the bone marrow, the presence of a serum and/or urine monoclonal protein, lytic bone lesions, and anemia. On a cellular level, the disease is characterized by complex interactions between tumor cells and the surrounding bone marrow microenvironment. Understanding of the relationship between malignant plasma cells and the microenvironment has sparked ongoing efforts to develop targeted therapeutic agents for treatment of this disease. The successful development of the first-in-class small-molec

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… Different effect of proteasome inhibition on vesicular stomatitis virus and poliovirus replication. PLoS ONE. 2008;3(4):e1887. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0001887. 72. Richardson P, Mitsiades C, Colson K, et al. …

Abstracts from the 6th Annual Conference of Emirates Society of Internal Medicine (ESIM) 2025.

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… Prompt CSF and nerve conduction studies, poliovirus screening when indicated, and early immunotherapy (IVIG or plasmapheresis) with close monitoring of respiratory and autonomic function are essential to optimize outcomes. … Screening for poliovirus can help differentiate recurrent or post-polio deficits. Early immunotherapy with plasmapheresis or IVIG, along with supportive care and physiotherapy, contributed to stabilization and partial recovery of motor function. …

Viruses

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References

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… Revaccination with measles, tetanus, poliovirus, Haemophilus influenzae type B, meningococcus C, and pneumococcus vaccines in children after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Clin Infect Dis. 2007;44:625–634. doi: 10.1086/511641. 195. …

γδ T cells in hematological malignancies: mechanisms and therapeutic strategies.

γδ T cells are a unique subset of lymphocytes with both innate and adaptive features. They recognize and eradicate various hematological malignancies through different mechanisms, employing factors including γδ TCR, NKR, NKG2D, TRAIL, and perforin/granzyme. They also modulate other immune cells to enhance their antitumor activity. Moreover, γδ T cells have potent antiviral functions after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), which may improve the outcome of patients with hematological malignancies. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on γδ T cell biology and function

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… Therefore, ZOL-pretreated tumor cell lines that accumulate IPP are sensitive to γδ T-cell killing. 32 Gertner-Dardenne et al 33 reported that DNAX accessory molecule-1 (DNAM-1) ligands such as poliovirus receptor (PVR, CD155) and Nectin-2 were more highly expressed in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) blasts …

Immunization Strategies in Pediatric Patients Receiving Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation (HCT) and Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell (CAR-T) Therapy: Challenges and Insights from a Narrative Review.

BackgroundHematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) and chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy have markedly improved survival in pediatric patients with hematological malignancies. However, these treatments cause profound immunosuppression, leading to significant susceptibility to vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs), including invasive pneumococcal disease and measles. Timely and tailored immunization strategies are crucial to mitigate infectious risks in this vulnerable population.MethodsWe conducted a narrative review of the English-language literature from 2000 to 2024, including

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… DT, diphtheria–tetanus vaccine; ECIL, European Conference on Infections in Leukaemia guidelines; GvHD, graft-versus-host disease; HBV, hepatitis B virus; HCT, hematopoietic cell transplantation; Hib, Haemophilus influenzae type b; HPV, human papillomavirus; IPV, inactivated poliovirus vaccine; MCV, meningococcal …

Nontraumatic Spinal Cord Injury: Epidemiology, Etiology and Management.

The spinal cord is a conduit within the central nervous system (CNS) that provides ongoing communication between the brain and the rest of the body, conveying complex sensory and motor information necessary for safety, movement, reflexes, and optimization of autonomic function. After a traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI), supraspinal influences on the peripheral nervous system and autonomic nervous system (ANS) are disrupted, leading to spastic paralysis, sympathetic blunting, and parasympathetic dominance, resulting in cardiac dysrhythmias, systemic hypotension, bronchoconstriction, copious re

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… Post-polio syndrome (PPS) is the neurological manifestation years after an initial infectious insult by poliovirus, a single-stranded RNA enterovirus. …

Bortezomib inhibits chikungunya virus replication by interfering with viral protein synthesis.

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an alphavirus that causes a febrile illness accompanied by myalgia and arthralgia. Despite having re-emerged as a significant public health threat, there are no approved therapeutics or prophylactics for CHIKV infection. In this study, we explored the anti-CHIKV effects of proteasome inhibitors and their potential mechanism of antiviral action. A panel of proteasome inhibitors with different functional groups reduced CHIKV infectious titers in a dose-dependent manner. Bortezomib, which has been FDA-approved for multiple myeloma and mantle cell lymphoma, was further

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… Regulation of poliovirus 3C protease by the 2C polypeptide. J Virol. 2004;78(17):9243–56. 10.1128/JVI.78.17.9243-9256.2004 26. Camborde L, Planchais S, Tournier V, Jakubiec A, Drugeon G, Lacassagne E, et al. …

Oncolytic Viruses as Reliable Adjuvants in CAR-T Cell Therapy for Solid Tumors.

Although impactful scientific advancements have recently been made in cancer therapy, there remains an opportunity for future improvements. Immunotherapy is perhaps one of the most cutting-edge categories of therapies demonstrating potential in the clinical setting. Genetically engineered T cells express chimeric antigen receptors (CARs), which can detect signals expressed by the molecules present on the surface of cancer cells, also called tumor-associated antigens (TAAs). Their effectiveness has been extensively demonstrated in hematological cancers; therefore, these results can establish th

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… Clinical Trials for Oncolytic Virus-Related Therapy In the past two decades, >3000 patients enrolled in clinical trials using oncolytic viruses, including adenovirus, herpesvirus, picornavirus, measles virus, vaccinia virus, reovirus, poliovirus, coxsackievirus, vesicular stomatitis virus, parvovirus …

An updated overview of the search for biomarkers of osteoporosis based on human proteomics.

Osteoporosis is a chronic metabolic disease that increases bone fragility and, leads to severe osteoporotic fractures. In recent years, the use of high-throughput omics to explore physiological and pathological biomarkers related to bone metabolism has gained popularity. In this review, we first briefly review the technical approaches of proteomics. Additionally, we summarize the relevant literature in the last decade to provide a comprehensive overview of advances in human proteomics related to osteoporosis. We describe the specific roles of various proteins related to human bone metabolism,

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… Inhibition of poliovirus-induced cleavage of cellular protein PCBP2 reduces the levels of viral RNA replication. J Virol. 2014;88(6):3192–3201. doi: 10.1128/JVI.02503-13. 79. Wang R.N., Green J., Wang Z., Deng Y., Qiao M., Peabody M., et al. …

Killers at the crossroads: The use of innate immune cells in adoptive cellular therapy of cancer.

Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) is an approach to cancer treatment that involves the use of antitumor immune cells to target residual disease in patients after completion of chemo/radiotherapy. ACT has several advantages compared with other approaches in cancer immunotherapy, including the ability to specifically expand effector cells in vitro before selection for adoptive transfer, as well as the opportunity for host manipulation in order to enhance the ability of transferred cells to recognize and kill established tumors. One of the main challenges to the success of ACT in cancer clinical trials

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… receptors including the low‐affinity activating receptor FcγRIIIa (CD16) that binds the Fc portion of immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) and mediates antibody‐dependent cellular cytotoxicity, NKG2D, which binds MHC class I chain‐related proteins A and B (MICA/B), UL16 binding proteins (ULBPs) and DNAM‐1, which binds poliovirus …

Intravenous vitamin C for reduction of cytokines storm in acute respiratory distress syndrome.

The recent outbreak of Covid19 has required urgent treatments for numerous patients. No suitable vaccines or antivirals are available for Covid19. The efficiency against Covid19 of WHO therapies of choice, that are two antivirals developed for other pathologies, is controversial. Therefore, alternative approaches are required. Intravenous (IV) Vitamin C (Vit-C) has emerged as one of the other alternatives for this purpose. Here we review the effects of IV Vit-C on the immune system response, the antiviral properties of IV Vit-C, and finally the antioxidant properties of IV Vit-C to specificall

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… Ascorbic acid was reported to have clinical activity against numerous other viruses including poliovirus, Venezuelan equine encephalitis, human lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and rabies virus in addition to demonstrating activity against influenza and herpes virus …

Role of PARP Inhibitors in Cancer Immunotherapy: Potential Friends to Immune Activating Molecules and Foes to Immune Checkpoints.

Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors (PARPi) induce cytotoxic effects as single agents in tumors characterized by defective repair of DNA double-strand breaks deriving from BRCA1/2 mutations or other abnormalities in genes associated with homologous recombination. Preclinical studies have shown that PARPi-induced DNA damage may affect the tumor immune microenvironment and immune-mediated anti-tumor response through several mechanisms. In particular, increased DNA damage has been shown to induce the activation of type I interferon pathway and up-regulation of PD-L1 expression in cance

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… PARPi Positively Impact CD155 Expression: A Delicate Balance between T Cell Co-Stimulation and Co-Inhibition Of note, a novel PARPi, AMXI-5001, has been shown to stimulate the expression of poliovirus receptor (PVR, CD155, necl-5) [ 163 ], an adhesion molecule belonging to the nectin/nectin-like family …